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8/9/2019 Browse Scientia Online!

1/52

Yaksoc G

\lgcetg`

Yak 0+ \vxgem 86

Ge|gdc> Tbc Ciiclt ai Sxhèg~`tgae aeHgxd Iax`mgem `t Eatxc Dòc

Sedcxmx`ds`tc Xc|c`xlb Nasxe`k iax tbc \lgcelc|Segycx|gtw ai Eatxc Dòc


2/52

@ Kcttcx Ixao Dcè Lx`}iaxd

Xc|c`xlb g| gedg|vst`hkw tbc oa|t govaxtèt laovaecet ai |lgcetgigl cdsl`tgae% Ge `ddgtgae ta tbc y`ks`hkcdg|laycxgc| |tsdcet| ai |lgcelc o`jc hw dagem xc|c`xlb+ gt g| ge o`jgem tba|c dg|laycxgc| tb`t tbcw kc`xe ba}ta |j ed vxahc hgm psc|tgae| ai asx d`w ed hc |lgcetg|t|% Iax |lgcetg|t+ tbc o`ge covb`|g| i`kk| ae lxc`tgemjea}kcdmc tbxasmb xc|c`xlb èd geyc|tgm`tgae+ x`tbcx tbè lakkcltgem v`||cd/da}e geiaxo`tgae%Ecycxtbckc||+ mgyce tb`t xc|c`xlb g| eat ` ma`k ge gt|cki+ hst x`tbcx ` ocè| ta è ced+ gt g| c||cetg`k tb`t tbclxc`tcd jea}kcdmc hc `y`gk`hkc eat aekw ta tbc xc|c`xlbcx èd atbcx ocohcx| ai bg| ax bcx k`h hst ta atbcxocohcx| ai tbc |lgcetgigl laoosegtw èd ta tba|c }ba b`yc tbc ocè| ta txè|k`tc gt geta s|`hkc vxadslt|% Gtg| hw vshkg|bgem tbcgx igedgem| tb`t |lgcetg|t| avce| lbèeck| ai laoosegl`tgae ta lakkc`msc| ge atbcx dcv`xt/ocet|+ lakkcmc|+ segycx|gtgc|+ èd cyce lasetxgc|+ }bglb ce`hkc| lakk`hax`tgae ae ` mkah`k |l`kc% @ed gt g| hwvshkg|bgem tbcgx igedgem| tb`t tbcw xc hkc ta dg||coge`tc tbcgx gdc`| ta tbc }axkd iax atbcx| ta laeigxo+ hsgkdsvae+ ax dyèlc% Xc|c`xlb igedgem| o`w kc`d ta lsxc iax dg|c`|c+ |akstgae ta e ceygxaeocet`k vxamxò+ax tbcw o`w govxayc svae asx sedcx|tèdgem ai ` isedòcet`k vxgelgvkc%@t Eatxc Dòc+ }c xclameg~c tbc govaxtèlc ai sedcxmx`ds`tc xc|c`xlb+ èd tbc Lakkcmc ai \lgcelc o`jc|cycxw ciiaxt ta vxaygdc gt| |tsdcet| }gtb xc|c`xlb avvaxtsegtgc| ixao tbc ycxw hcmgeegem ai tbcgx ixc|boèwc`x% \gelc tbc }getcx ai 8667+ tbc |tsdcet/xse aekgec vshkgl`tgae ai\lgcetg` b`| vxaygdcd ` iaxso iax asx|tsdcet| ta dg||coge`tc tbcgx dg|laycxgc| }bgkc mcttgem vx`ltgl`k crvcxgcelc }gtb |lgcetgigl }xgtgem% Tba|c|tsdcet| geyakycd }gtb tbc vshkgl`tgae ai\lgcetg` kc`xe `hast vccx xcygc}+ vshkgl`tgae+ èd cdgtgem% Gt g| owvkc`|sxc ta getxadslc tbc ge`smsx`k vxgetcd vshkgl`tgae ai tbg| nasxe`k% G ò igkkcd }gtb vxgdc èd ge|vgx`tgae

}bce G lae|gdcx tbc `llaovkg|bocet| ai asx t`kcetcd |tsdcet|% O`w tbcw ge|vgxc was `| }ckk!

Wasx| ge Eatxc Dòc+

Mxcmaxw V% Lx`}iaxd+]gkkgò J% ]`xxce Iased`tgae Dcè ai tbc Lakkcmc ai \lgcelc


3/52

Cdgtax|/ge/LbgciO`tt Xc`max 06 Vbw|gl|Ockg||` B`xgetba 00 Hgakamgl`k \lgcelc|

K`wast+ Dc|gme+ ) Vshkg|bgemJgx|tce @dò 08

@edxc} Mka|| 06O`ttbc} Xc`max 06

Hgakamgl`k \lgcelc| Xcygc}cx|Hxctt \bèeae 06 \cltgae CdgtaxV`sk H`xè`w 08Jck|cw Hcbè 0 igx|t+ ta xclameg~c èd celasx`mc bgmb/ps`kgtw sedcxmx`ds/`tc xc|c`xlb% Tbc |cyce v`vcx| vshkg|bcd ge tbg| yaksoc xcvxc|cet laooced`hkc vcx|g|tcelcèd hakd tbgejgem% Tbcw }cxc |ckcltcd iax tbcgx dcoae|tx`tgae ai crlckkcelc ge d`t`+ eaycktw+

èd ps`kgtw%

\claed+ ta vxaygdc ` iaxso tbxasmb }bglb |tsdcet| lè m`ge crvcxgcelc ai tbc c||cetg`k |jgkk|ai }xgtgem èd xcygc}gem ta iskigkk tbcgx istsxc vxaic||gae`k ma`k|%\lgcetg`|t}cetw/aec ocohcxcdgtaxg`k ha`xd+ laovxg|gem ai |tsdcet| ixao cycxw dcv`xtocet èd mx`dc kcyck ge tbc Lakkcmc+b`| xcygc}cd èd cdgtcd aycx t}cetw v`vcx| ge asx igx|t wc`x% ]c bavc ta dashkc tbg| esohcxdsxgem tbc svlaogem wc`x%

Ige`kkw+ \lgcetg |txgyc| ta laetxghstc ta tbc `dyèlcocet èd labc|gycec|| ai Eatxc Dòc| |lg/cetgigl laoosegtw ai }bglb sedcxmx`ds`tc| `xc v`xt%\lgcetg`g| K`tge iax jea}kcdmc+ èd asxvshkgl`tgae |cxyc| eat aekw ta dg|vk`w hst `k|a ta celasx`mc tbc lakkcltgyc vsx|sgt ai txstb tb`tigx|t t`jc| iaxo `t tbc sedcxmx`ds`tc kcyck% Ta tbg| ced+ }c lckchx`tc lsxga|gtw/dxgyce xc|c`xlb

`| ` ocè| ta isxtbcx jea}kcdmc iax+ `| @khcxt Cge|tcge |`gd+ }bgkcjea}kcdmc g| kgogtcd ta `kk }cea} jea} ed sedcx|tèd go`mge`tgae cohx`lc| tbc cetgxc }axkd+ ed kk tbcxc cycx }gkk hc ta jea}èd sedcx|tèd%

]c `xc mx`tcisk ta cycxwaec }ba b`| laetxghstcd ta tbg| igx|t ge|t`kkocet ai\lgcetg + èd `xcceaxoas|kw mk`d ta hc `hkc ta |b`xc tbc vxadslt ai tbcgx b`xd }axj }gtb asx xc`dcx|bgv%

Ge Eatxc Dòc+

O`tt Xc`max èd Ockg||` B`xgetba

Ixao tbc Cdgtax|

Gi tbc daax| ai vcxlcvtgae }cxc lkcè|cd cycxwtbgem }askd

`vvc`x ta oè `| gt g|+ geegtc%

]gkkgò Hk`jc

8


5/52

Laetcet|

Ec}|

Bc`ktb

O`tb

Hgakamw

Vbw|gl|

4 Bavc iax B`gtg> Cx`dgl`tgae ai Kwovb`tglIgk`xg`|g| ge tbc Ogd|t ai ` Dg|`|tcx

/ Jgx|tce @dò

9 Lbèmgem Vcx|vcltgyc|> Tbc \lgcelc aiV|wlbakamw/ Dègckkc Xs|b

= Cycet|> Hkc||cd @xc tbc Mccj| ) Lakkcmcai \lgcelc Lakkapsgso / O`xtb` J`xò

7 Tbc \wetbc|g| ai Ow Nasxecw geSedcxmx`ds`tc Xc|c`xlb

/Nòc| Xsdkaii

Xc`k/tgoc Tx`ljgem aiGeiksce~`/kgjc Gkkec|| S|gem tbc@xms|0Aekgec \sxycgkkèlc \w|tco/Lb`xkc| E% \vc`x


6/52|lgcetg`%ed%cds \LGCETG@ Yak 0 / \vxgem 8606

ec}|

4

Ec}|

Tbc vcavkc ai B`gtg i`lc ` ycxw |o`kk vxah/kco% Tbg| vxahkco g| |o`kk ge |g~c aekw+ eat ge|lavc% Tbc oges|lskc v`x`|gtc| tb`t kc`d ta `

dg|c`|c l`kkcd kwovb`tgl igk`xg`|g| `xc ` dg|`|tcx tb`tvxclcdcd Nès`xw| c`xtbps`jc+ ed tbcw laetgesc tagov`lt tbc kgyc| ai B`gtgè| d`w ìtcx d`w% @| B`gtgè||txsmmkc ta vglj sv tbc vgclc| ixao è ast|gdc dg|`|/tcx+ oèw `k|a }`mc è getcxe`k }`x%

Kwovb`tgl igk`xg`|g| "KI' g| ` oa|psgta/haxec+ dc/hgkgt`tgem dg|c`|c l`s|cd hw v`x`|gtgl }axo| tb`t `t/t`lj tbc kwovb`tgl |w|tco ed lgxlsk`tc ge tbc hkaad%

Tbc dg|c`|c xc|skt| ge kwovbcdco` èd ckcvbètg`/|g|% Ckcvbètg`|g|+ ax tbc selaetxakk`hkc |}ckkgem aitbc ka}cx kgoh| ax mcegt`k|+ kc`d| ta isxtbcx geicl/tgae|+ gooahgkg~`tgae+ èd |alg`k g|ak`tgae%

@vvxargo`tckw 06# ai tbc vavsk`tgae ai B`gtg |si/icx| ixao KI+ èd ge |aoc bwvcx/cedcogl `xc`| tb`tvcxlcet`mc `vvxa`lbc| 36#% ]gtbast txc`tocet+ ygx/ts`kkw tbc cetgxc vavsk`tgae ai B`gtg g| t xg|j iax lae/tx`ltgem tbc dg|c`|c%

Ge 077=+ tbc ]axkd Bc`ktb @||cohkw dclk`xcd KI`| aec ai aekw |gr ckgoge`hkc geicltgas| dg|c`|c|% Tad`tc+ |o`kkvar g| tbc aekw geicltgas| dg|c`|c tb`t b`|hcce cx`dgl`tcd hw è govkcocetcd vshkgl bc`ktb

vxamxò% Ckgoge`tgem ` dg|c`|c kgjc KI }askd hc` mxasedhxc`jgem `llaovkg|bocet iax tbc vshkglbc`ktb |cltax%

\aae itcx tbg| 077= eeaselcocet+ tbc Segycx|g/tw ai Eatxc Dòc |bgitcd gt| ials| ixao vshkgl bc`ktbxc|c`xlb ta govkcocet`tgae ai ` vxamxò iax dg|c`|c

ckgoge`tgae% Eatxc Dòc B`gtg Vxamxò laaxdge`tax+\`x`b Lx`gm+ |`w|+ Eatxc Dòc }`| xc`kkw ` l`t`kw|t

iax mcttgem ` txc`tocet vxamxòmagem% Hst }c b`d ea gdc` ai tbcòaset ai oaecw tb`t gt }askd `l/ts`kkw t`jc%

@ 0777 mxèt ixao tbc Hgkk )Ockged` M`tc| Iased`tgae+ èd `|claed mxèt ge 8669+ `kka}cd tbcEatxc Dòc èd |g|tcx bc`ktb axm`/eg~`tgae| ta vst ` o`||/txc`tocet

vxamxò geta `ltgae% Tbc igx|t dg|/txghstgae ai 866+666 txc`tocet| taajvk`lc ge 8666% Tbc esohcx ai txc`t/ocet| b`| |tc`dgkw gelxc`|cd |gelctbce%

Txc`tocet| o`w hc `dogeg|tcxcdèes`kkw ge tbc iaxo ai dgctbwkl`x/

hò`~gec "DCL' ed khced`~akc t`hkct|+ l`kkcd O`||Dxsm @dogeg|tx`tgae "OD@'% @ |claed`xw txc`tocetoctbad g| tbc dg|txghstgae ai txc`tcd |`kt% Tbc |`kt g|laiaxtgigcd }gtb è ètgv`x`|gtgl `mcet èd gadgec+ ta

Bavc iax B`gtg>Cx`dgl`tgae ai Kwovb`tgl Igk`xg`|g| ge tbc Ogd|t ai ` Dg|`|tcx

Hw> Jgx|tce @dò

@hayc> ]b`t xco`gecd ai tbc Lbsxlb ai \tc% Xa|c ai Kgo`|cycx`k d`w| ìtcx tbc c`xtbps`jc% Tbc lbsxlb g| baoc v`x/g|b ta ED B`gtg Vxamxò dgxcltax+ Ix% Tao \txcgt+ iax |cxycx`koaetb| ast ai tbc wc`x% "Vbata > X`kvb Vceegea'

@hayc> Tbc ygc} ixao Xc|gdcelc Igk`xga|c% "Vbata> X`kvbVceegea'



Ec}Ec}

txc`t hatb KI èd gadgec dciglgcelw dg|c`|c%

Tbc l`t`|txavbgl c`xtbps`jc tb`t allsxxcd ge Nè/s`xw |cycxckw dò`mcd tbc `hgkgtw ai ast|gdc xckgcivxamxò| ta vxaygdc tbc txc`tocet| eclc||`xw talaoh`t tbc |vxc`d ai tbc dg|c`|c% Ge tbc |b`da} aitbc dg|`|tcx+ tbc ED B`gtg Vxamxò èd gt| |g|tcx vxa/mxò| `xc aelc `m`ge sedcxmagem ` o`nax |bgit ge

tbcgx `vvxa`lb ta xckgci iax B`gtg% Tbc vxgo`xw ials|os|t ea} lcetcx ae vxaygdgem sxmcet eccd| ge tbcìtcxo`tb ai dg|`|tcx/ iaad+ }`tcx+ |bcktcx+ èd ocdg/l`k l`xc%

Gt g| c|tgo`tcd tb`t 26/76# ai tbc hsgkdgem| geKcamèc lakk`v|cd ge tbc c`xtbps`jc% Kcamèc g| aecai tbc `xc`| ge B`gtg oa|t |cycxckw ìicltcd hw KI% Gtg| bcxc tb`t tbc igmbt ta ckgoge`tc KI hcmè }gtb tbcB`gtgè ogeg|txw ai Vshkgl Bc`ktb èd Vavsk`tgae+tbc Bavgt`k \`getc Lxagr+ èd tbc S\ Lcetcx| iax Dg|/c`|c èd Laetxak Vxcycetgae% Tbc ED B`gtg Vxamxò

xc|gdcelc+ Xc|gdcelc Igk`xga|c+ xco`gecd get`lt ìtcxtbc c`xtbps`jc% Ixao bcxc+ ED B`gtg Vxamxò èdgt| v`xtecx| goocdg`tckw hcmè laaxdge`tgem xckgciciiaxt|%

Daltax| èd yaksetccx| b`yc ika}e ge ta bckv+dagem `| }ckk `| tbcw lè }gtb ` k`lj ai |svvkgc| èd

txè|vaxt`tgae% Mcttgem |svvkgc| ge b`| hcce lxslg`k+|`w| Lx`gm+ \a i`x }c b`yc ika}e ge aycx Xcmè OlMèe 08 lbclj| tbc kcyck ai ` |òvkc ge `dgkstgae `|j% Kcit> O`xla O`m kkae 08 ka`d| ` |òvkc iaxtc|tgem% "Vbata|> Jgx|tce @dò'


8/529 |lgcetg`%ed%cds \LGCETG@ Yak 0 / \vxgem 8606

ec}|Ec}|

èd dgkstgae ik`|j| }gtb l`xciskkw oc`|sxcd |òvkc|%

Aec ai tbc sedcxmx`ds`tc k`h yaksetccx|+ O`xla O`/m`kkae+ crvk`ge|+ ]b`t }c da bcxc g| h`|gl`kkw ycxgiwtbc esohcx| tb`t lbcog|t| ge B`gtg mct% ]c oc`|sxctbc kcyck ai DCL ge tbc |`kt txc`tocet ta o`jc |sxctb`t c`lb h`tlb ai iaxtgigcd |`kt g| |ìc hciaxc gt mct|ta lae|socx|%

@eatbcx sedcxmx`ds`tc k`h yaksetccx+ Xcmè Ol/Mèe+ |`w|+ @t igx|t+ G }aedcxcd gi }c }cxc magem tajccv sv }gtb asx }axj bcxc% Gt |aocba} |ccocd gx/xckcyèt ge tbc i`lc ai atbcx k`xmcx dg|`|tcx|% Hst }gtbtbc|c laedgtgae|+ ` dg|c`|c kgjc KI lè |vxc`d cyceoaxc+ |a gt| govaxtèt ta jccv magem%

Tbc ma`k axgmge`kkw |ct iax 8606 }`| ta gelxc`|ctbc esohcx ai OD@ txc`tocet| ta 3%8 ogkkgae% Tbg|gelxc`|c g| hcgem xccy`ks`tcd ge kgmbt ai tbc lsxxcetdgiiglsktgc| tbc vxamxò i`lc|+ hst tbcxc `xc |tgkkvkè| sedcx}`w ta hcmge |aoc kcyck ai txc`tocet

dg|txghstgae ge O`w%Hxceeè Hakkoè+ 8667 y`kcdgltaxgè+ }axjcd iax

tbc B`gtg Vxamxò dsxgem bcx tgoc `t Eatxc Dòc%

Ge c`xkw O`xlb ai tbg| wc`x+ Hakkoè o`dc tbc txgvta B`gtg ta bckv ge tbc xckgci ciiaxt|% T`jgem tgoc aiiixao B`xy`xd Ocdgl`k \lbaak+ |bc g| `ltgem `| EDB`gtg Vxamxò Xc|vae|c Oè`mcx%

Hakkoè |`w|+ Tbg| g| tbc oaocet iax cycxwaec}ba l`xc| `hast B`gtg ta }axj tamctbcx ge `kka}gemB`gtgè| ta xcgo`mgec tbcgx lasetxw% Eat aekw dgd G

icck vcx|ae`kkw l`kkcd ta hc geyakycd ge tbg|+ hst G `k|a}èt ta laetxghstc ta tbc }`w Eatxc Dòc dccvce|gt| cem`mcocet%

OlMèe `k|a |cc| tbc vatcetg`k iax maad ta laocai tbc dg|`|tcx ge B`gtg% \bc |`w|+ Tbc va|gtgyc tbgem`hast tbc c`xtbps`jc g| tbc `ttcetgae gt g| hxgemgemta B`gtg% Bavciskkw+ }gtb tbg| `ttcetgae èd `gd B`gtgg| xclcgygem+ }c lè hxgem `hast lbèmc| tb`t `xckaemcx k`|tgem èd dccvcx tbè }c laskd b`yc o`dchciaxc%

Iax oaxc geiaxo`tgae ax ta o`jc dae`tgae ta tbc

lsxxcet xckgci ciiaxt|+ yg|gt aekgec `t>bttv>b`gtgdg|`|tcx%ed%cds%

Gi aec }cxc ta |j ` |tsdcet }bglb o`nax aiicxcd`t tbc Segycx|gtw ai Eatxc Dòc }askd hc|t ia|/tcx ` dccvcx sedcx|tèdgem ai tbc vbw|gakamg/

l`k crvkè`tgae| iax e`tsx`k bsoè tcedcelgc|+ gt g|sekgjckw tb`t V|wlbakamw }askd hc tbc igx|t è|}cx%Ba}cycx+ tbc Lakkcmc ai \lgcelc g| eat tbc aekw dc/v`xtocet ta covb`|g~c tbc govaxtèlc ai dcyckav/gem ` |txaem iased`tgae ge tbc |lgcelc|% \cycx`k se/dcxmx`ds`tc o`nax| }gtbge tbc Lakkcmc ai @xt| èdKcttcx|+ gelksdgem V|wlbakamw+ b`yc xclcetkw hcce`ttcovtgem ta è|}cx tbc psc|tgae ]bw `xc }c tbc}`w }c `xc1

Oglbckkc ]gxtb+ @||g|tèt Vxaic||ax ai tbc Dcv`xt/ocet ai V|wlbakamw+ aiicx| |tsdcet| tbc getckkclts`klb`kkcemc ai laxc |lgcelc lk`||c| ge è getcx`ltgyc edvcx|ae`hkc ceygxaeocet% Bcx Hgav|wlbakamw lk`||getxadslc| |tsdcet| ta tavgl| laooaekw aycxkaajcdge mcecx`k |lgcelc ckcltgyc|+ |slb `| vbw|gakamgl`kv|wlbakamw èd hcb`ygax`k cedalxgeakamw% Tbc ce/tbs|g`|o }gtb }bglb bcx |tsdcet| xc|vaed ta bcxoctbad ai tc`lbgem g| v`kv`hkc% Nce` Daao+ ` nsegax@xt| èd Kcttcx| Vxc/Vxaic||gae`kV|wlbakamw o`nax+`dogxc| tbc `hgkgtw ai Vxaic||ax ]gxtb ta ge|txslt ae

tbc ciiclt tb`t tbc oclbèg|o| ai hgakamw b`yc aeasx d`gkw kgyc|> tbc tgew dct`gk| }c `xc t`smbt ge `|lgcelc lasx|c `xc `vvkgcd ge xc`k }axkd |gts`tgae|+}bglb b`yc hcce gelxcdghkc ta dg|laycx%

Oèw |tsdcet| cyce vxcicx tbc getcx`ltgyc èddct`gk/axgcetcd `vvxa`lb ai v|wlbakamw ta |lgcelcaycx tbc hxa`d xèmc ai |govkgigcd tavgl| laycxcd gemgèt kcltsxc b`kk| ge Mcecx`k Hgakamw ax Lbcog|txw%Bc`tbcx Bwkèd+ `k|a ` nsegax @xt| èd Kcttcx| Vxc/Vxaic||gae`kV|wlbakamw o`nax+ igxokw hckgcyc| tb`ttbc V|wlbakamw laovaecet ai bcx o`nax b`| `kka}cd

bcx ta mx`|v tbc oclbèg|tgl crvkè`tgae hcbged hc/b`ygax`k eaxo| ge kk bsoè|+ e sedcx|tèdgem tb`tg| ` lxgtgl`k v`xt ai bcx istsxc l`xccx v`tb% \bc g| lae/igdcet tb`t hw sedcx|tèdgem ba} vcavkc tbgej èdhcb`yc+ |bc }gkk hc oslb oaxc ciicltgyc ed cov`/tbctgl daltax% @e cdsl`tgae ge V|wlbakamw b`| mgycebcx ` lkc`x `dyèt`mc ge bcx lba|ce igckd+ aec tb`tg| eat ìiaxdcd ta |tsdcet| }ba|c cdsl`tgae g| kgo/gtcd ta tb`t ai |lgcelc lk`||c| tb`t ocxckw hxs|b aycxlxgtgl`k tavgl| ai coatgae+ oatgy`tgae+ baxoaec| èdhcb`ygax% Bc`tbcx |t`tc|>

]bgkc gt g| govaxtèt ta hc `hkc ta txc`t v`tgcet|

Lbèmgem Vcx|vcltgyc|>Tbc \lgcelc ai V|wlbakamw

Hw> Dègckkc Xs|b



Ec}Ec}

h`|cd ae |vclgigl vxahkco| ixao ` vbw|gakamgl`k|tèdvaget+ gt g| `k|a govaxtèt ta hc `hkc ta sedcx/|tèd }bw vcavkc tbgej èd hcb`yc ge lcxt`ge }`w|%Ow v|wlbakamw lk`||c| t`smbt oc tbc govaxtèlc aitxc`tgem tbc }bakc v`tgcet hw `k|a `ddxc||gem èwvxahkco| tbc v`tgcet ogmbt b`yc ixao ` v|wlbakamg/l`k |tèdvaget%

]bgkc gt g| geiaxo`tgyc ta kc`xe |vclgigl dct`gk| aitbc vbw|gakamw tb`t dxgyc| v|wlbakamgl`k v`ttcxe|+ kcl/tsxc ed dg|ls||gae lèeat xcvk`lc tbc govaxtèlc aibèd|/ae `ltgygtgc| ge |akgdgiwgem jea}kcdmc m`gecdge tbc lk`||xaao% @eatbcx |tsdcet+ J`tbw Vavka}|jg+iased tb`t tbc |bccv hx`ge dg||cltgae |bc laedsltcd`| ` laovaecet ai bcx Hgav|wlbakamw lk`|| |txcemtb/cecd bcx iased`tgae ge hatb ecsxaè`taow ed ecs/xavbw|gakamw% J`tbw eatc| tb`t tbc xc|c`xlb geiax/o`tgae aiicx| èatbcx dgoce|gae ta tbc |shnclt `|avva|cd ta |govkw mk`~gem aycx i`lts`k laetcet% V|w/lbakamw `dd| ` vcx|ae`k `|vclt ta |lgcelc: gt |ba}|ba} xc|c`xlb g| ìicltgem vcavkc| kgyc| d`gkw%

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lkgegl`kkw/xck`tcd `vvxa`lb%Tbc ast|ct ai ow }axj geyakygem @xms|0 cet`gkcd

iògkg`xg~gem ow|cki }gtb lsxxcet txced| ed laeyce/tgae`k ocè| ai lkgeglgè| xcvaxtgem geicltgae% Tbg|bckvcd oc hcttcx sedcx|tèd ba} asx vxamxò dgi/icxcd }gtb xc|vclt ta }b`t atbcx iaxo| ai |sxycgkkèlc}cxc hcgem aiicxcd% Ge `ddgtgae+ G xc|c`xlbcd y`xgas|

twvc| ai ge|tgtstgae| èd |gts`tgae| ge }bglb tbc @x/ms|0 |ait}`xc laskd vatcetg`kkw hcecigt gt| s|cx| getcxo| ai tx`ljgem gelxc`|cd gelgdcelc| ai geiksce~``| tbcw allsx ge xc`k/tgoc% C||cetg`kkw+ G taaj gt svaeow|cki ta tbgej ai eayck gdc`| iax tbc s|c ai |slb `|sxycgkkèlc |w|tco ed ta dctcxogec }bctbcx ax eattbcw }askd hc vx`ltgl`k èd ciicltgyc%

Iax cròvkc+ Dx% Ixgcdc}`kd èd G b`d dg|ls||cdtbc s|c ai @xms|0 ge tx`ljgem ` lakkcmc segycx|gtw||tsdcet vavsk`tgae }ba vxc|cetcd |wovtao| ai ge/iksce~` dsxgem tbc `l`dcogl wc`x% B`ygem @xms|0`y`gk`hkc ae ` segycx|gtw| }ch|gtc }askd `kka} |ts/dcet| èd i`lsktw ta tx`lj ge xc`k/tgoc ge|tèlc|}bce è asthxc`j ai tbc iks }`| xcvaxtcd% Ixao tbcvcx|vcltgyc ai vshkgl bc`ktb aiiglg`k|+ govkcocet`/tgae ai |slb ` vxamxò }askd bckv crvk`ge lcxt`geoadc| ai txè|og||gae èd }askd aiicx `stbaxgtgc|xclaooced`tgae| iax laet`geocet% Isxtbcxoaxc+ }ccrvkaxcd tbc gdc` ai lxc`tgem è gVbaec `vvkgl`tgaetb`t }askd kka} s|cx| ta laeycegcetkw llc|| @xms|0iax tx`ljgem tbcgx v`xtglsk`x kal`tgae ax segycx|gtw%Tbc|c gdc`| xcpsgxcd xc|c`xlbgem }bctbcx ax eat|gogk`x vxamxò| `kxc`dw crg|tcd iax |lbaak| `xased

tbc lasetxw èd gi atbcx iaxo| ai geiksce~` |sxycgk/kèlc crg|tcd ta tx`lj xc`k/tgoc iks/kgjc |wovtao|%Ge |so+ tbg| gegtg`k v`xt ai ow xc|c`xlb ae @xms|0crva|cd oc ta tbc govaxtèlc ai geicltgae laetxaklaoosegl`tgae èd `kka}cd oc ta cdsl`tc ow|ckixcm`xdgem |sxycgkkèlc `| ` eclc||`xw laovaecet aigeicltgae vxcycetgae%

Tbc ecrt |tcv ge ow xc|c`xlb }`| ta hclaoc i`/ogkg`xg~cd }gtb tbc @xms|0 vxamxò gt|cki% \gelctbc |w|tco }`| dc|gmecd hciaxc G |t`xtcd xc|c`xlb/gem tbc `dyèt`mc| ai tbc vxamxò+ G b`d ta kc`xeoaxc `hast tbc v`xtglsk`x s|c| ai tbc |w|tco |a tb`t

}bce gt lòc ow tsxe ta cy`ks`tc s|cx èd v`tgceticcdh`lj G }askd jea} }b`t }`| hcgem |`gd% @xms|0`kka}| gt| s|cx| ta gevst xcvaxtcd l`|c| ai geiksce~`/kgjc gkkec|| "GKG' èd tbc y`xgas| |wovtao| `||alg/`tcd }gtb gt geta ` y`|t aekgec d`t`h`|c tb`t laovgkc|geiaxo`tgae ixao osktgvkc s|cx| ed |axt| gt geta es/ocxas| l`tcmaxgc| h`|cd ae dcoamx`vbgl|+ kal`tgae+ctl% Gt k|a kka}| tba|c }ba gevst d`t` ta ah|cxyc tbctxced| "ge mx`vbgl`k iaxo`t' `||alg`tcd }gtb ` v`xtgl/sk`x |wovtao ax dg`mea|g| òaem ocohcx| ai tbcv`tgcet vavsk`tgae }gtbge ` v`xtglsk`x yglgegtw% Wct



Bc`ktb

}b`t |cv`x`tc| @xms|0 ixao tx`dgtgae`k |sxycgkkèlcvxamxò| g| tb`t gt kka}| s|cx| ta ygc} xc`k/tgoc d`tài tba|c vxc|cetgem }gtb GKG |a tb`t ocdgl`k |tìiocohcx| lè ah|cxyc sv ta tbc ogestc xc|skt| aetbc |vxc`d ai geiksce~`%

Goocdg`tckw ìtcx ocdgl`k |tìi |cc| ` v`tgcettb`t dcoae|tx`tc| |wovtao| ai GKG+ tbcw `xc `hkc ta

gevst tbg| xclaxd geta tbc @xms|0 |w|tco% Tbcw gevstv`tgcet geiaxo`tgae xcm`xdgem tbc gedgygds`k| `mc+ae|ct ai |wovtao|+ èd tbc v`xtglsk`x |gme| èd ge/dgl`tgae| ai GKG% Tbc vxamxò mgyc| s|cx| ` kg|t aiva||ghkc |wovtao| ta `||gme ta tbc v`tgcet% H`|cdae tbg| geiaxo`tgae+ tbc vxamxò tbce kg|t| tbc y`xg/as| dg|c`|c| ax gkkec||c| tb`t `xc `||alg`tcd }gtb tbc|wovtao| vxc|cetcd |a tb`t s|cx| lè e`xxa} da}e}b`t tbc l`s|c ai ` v`tgcet| laedgtgae o`w hc% Ge`ddgtgae+ gt `kka}| s|cx| ta ah|cxyc èw txced| ge tbc|wovtao| òaem v`tgcet| ai ` |gogk`x dcoamx`vbglax kal`tgae hw mgygem tbco `llc|| ta atbcx gedgygds/`k| cetcxcd geta @xms|0 hw atbcx ocdgl`k |tìi oco/hcx|% Ge laelks|gae+ @xms|0 }`| dc|gmecd `| ` s|cx/ixgcedkw vxamxò tb`t xcpsgxcd ogego`k tx`gegem tasedcx|tèd èd iskkw avcx`tc%

Ecrt+ G è`kw~cd tbc @xms|0 |ait}`xc ta cy`ks`tcs|cx iccdh`lj ge axdcx ta dctcxogec tbc vxamxò| x/c`| ai |txcemtb ed eccd| iax govxaycocet% Tbg| v`xtai tbc vxanclt lae|tgtstcd tbc hskj ai ow xc|c`xlb `|G xclcgycd tbc avvaxtsegtw ta }gtec|| igx|t/bèd tbcs|c ai tbc |w|tco èd ta |vc`j dgxcltkw }gtb gt| s|cx|%Govkcocet`tgae ai @xms|0 }`| tc|tcd hw |lbaak esx|/

c| ai tbc K`xcda Gedcvcedcet \lbaak Dg|txglt "KG\D'ge K`xcda+ Tcr`| }bcxc tbcw gevsttcd d`t` ai tbcgx|tsdcet| vxc|cetgem |wovtao| ai GKG% Kal`tcd ge `vxcdaogeètkw Bg|vègl laoosegtw+ KG\D lae|g|t|ai



O`tb

`k|a mgyce oc y`ks`hkc ge|gmbt geta tbc vxalc|| ai}xgtgem vshkg|b`hkc xc|c`xlb v`vcx% Ge dctcxogegemba} ta |txsltsxc asx xcvaxt ed dclgdgem }b`t cr`lt/kw |baskd hc gelksdcd+ G |vcet tgoc xcygc}gem vxcyg/as| vshkgl`tgae| ai `xtglkc| tb`t ickk sedcx tbc |òcl`tcmaxgc| ai |sxycgkkèlc èd laoosegl`tgae|%@itcx xc`dgem osktgvkc v`vcx| ed vcxiaxogem kgtcx`/

tsxc xcygc}| ae |gogk`x geicltgae laetxak |w|tco|+ }c}cxc `hkc ta hcttcx dg|lcxe }b`t }askd o`jc asx xc/|c`xlb xcvaxt oaxc ciicltgyc svae xc`dgem èd oaxcnasxe`k/xc`dw%

]gtbast psc|tgae+ ow tgoc |vcet xc|c`xlbgem ge/iksce~` |sxycgkkèlc b`| hcce hceciglg`k ge dcyckav/gem ow istsxc l`xccx `| ` |lgcetg|t èd bc`ktb l`xcvxaic||gae`k% G b`yc ea bc|gt`tgae `hast tbc va|gtgycastlaoc| tb`t tbc @xms|0 |sxycgkkèlc |w|tco }gkkhxgem ta}`xd| geicltgae vxcycetgae èd tbc tx`lj/gem ai GKG% Tbc s|c ai ` vxamxò `t tbc igemcxtgv| ai

bc`ktb vxaic||gae`k| }bglb `kka}| `llc|| ta xc`k/tgocv`tgcet |sxycgkkèlc geiaxo`tgae b`| oèw va|gtgycgovkgl`tgae| ae vshkgl bc`ktb èd geicltgae laetxaktb`t }askd hc ai mxc`t hcecigt dsxgem tgoc| ai iks|c`|ae| èd vèdcogl| geyakygem geicltgas| dg|c`|/c|% @| ` mkah`k |algctw+ }c os|t o`jc gt ` vxgaxgtwta laetgesc ta vsx|sc `ltgyc xc|c`xlb ge dcyckavgem

|sxycgkkèlc vxamxò| iax geicltgas| dg|c`|c|+ |gelctbc dyèt`mc| ta |slb |w|tco ge vxaoatgem vshkglbc`ktb `xc ygxts`kkw kgogtkc||%

G }askd kgjc ta crtced ow oèw tbèj| ta Dx% Ygelcet Ixgcdc/

}`kd }ba `kka}cd oc ta nage ge ae tbc @xms|0 vxanclt èd b`|

msgdcd oc tbxasmb tbg| xc|c`xlb vxalc|| }bgkc mgygem oc `kk tbc

bckv G laskd `|j iax% Ge `ddgtgae+ G }askd `k|a kgjc ta xclameg~c

V`txglg` Jclj ai tbc K`xcda Gedcvcedcet \lbaak \w|tco ed tbc

xc|t ai tbc esx|gem |tìi `t KG\D iax tbcgx |svvaxt èd msgdèlc

tbxasmbast ow xc|c`xlb%

Tbc Ciiclt ai EatxcDòc Iaath`kk ae@ocxglè L`tbakglLsxlb @ttcedèlcT`kwax Hk`lbkcw

Segycx|gtw ai Eatxc Dòc+ Dcv`xtocet ai O`tbco`tgl|

@h|tx`lt

Tbg| |tsdw crògec| tbc ciiclt ai tbc vcxiaxoèlc ai tbcEatxc Dòc iaath`kk tcò ae @ocxglè L`tbakgl lbsxlb

`ttcedèlc% S|gem d`t t`jce ixao tbc Mcecx`k \alg`k

\sxycw lxa|| ckcyce xclcet wc`x| ed tbc |t`tg|tgl`k v`lj/

`mc \T@T@+ G xcmxc||cd ` owxg`d ai y`xg`hkc| ae L`tba/

kgl lbsxlb `ttcedèlc ta crvkaxc tbc ciiclt ai Eatxc Dòc

iaath`kk% @itcx dctcxogegem tbc xckcyèlc ai hxa`d |vcl/

txso ai gevst|+ ` xcmxc||gae xcyc`kcd tb`t tbc |sllc|| ai

tbc Eatxc Dòc iaath`kk tcò b`| |o`kk wct |t`tg|tgl`kkw

|gmeglèt va|gtgyc laxxck`tgae }gtb @ocxglè L`tbakgl

lbsxlb `ttcedèlc%

Getxadsltgae

]b`t dctcxogec| ` vcx|ae| xckgmgas| geyakyc/ocet1 ]b`t i`ltax| laetxghstc ta ba} aitce ` L`tb/akgl `ttced| O`||1 G| gt ` vcx|ae| `mc1 ]b`t `hasto`xgt`k |t`ts|+ gelaoc+ kal`tgae ai xc|gdcelc+ ax cds/l`tgae1 G| gt ` laohge`tgae ai `kk tbc|c èd oaxc1Tbc|c `xc ycxw dgiiglskt psc|tgae| ta è|}cx hcl`s|ctbcxc g| ea aec `|vclt ai ` vcx|ae| kgic }bglb lè`llsx`tckw dctcxogec tb`t vcx|ae| xckgmgas| geyakyc/

ocet ge tbc iaxo ai `ttcedgem O`||%Sedashtcdkw+ tbc oèw laovkgl`tcd `|vclt| aiL`tbakgl vcavkc| kgyc| laohgec ta ciiclt tbcgx dclg/|gae `| ta ba} aitce ta `ttced O`||% Ba}cycx+ |aoc/tbgem aec ogmbt eat tbgej ai }bce vaedcxgem tbg|tavgl g| tbc ciiclt tb`t tbc oa|t vxaogecet @ocxglèL`tbakgl segycx|gtw| iaath`kk tcò b`| ae tbc e`tgae|L`tbakgl|% Tbcxc g| ` |`wgem tb`t mac|> Tbc |claedoa|t govaxtèt vcx|ae ge tbc L`tbakgl Lbsxlb g| tbcps`xtcxh`lj ai tbc Eatxc Dòc iaath`kk tcò% Tbg||tsdw }gkk tc|t tb`t |t`tcocet% S|gem claeaoctxgltclbegpsc|+ G `ttcovt ta dctcxogec }bctbcx tbc |sl/

lc|| ai Eatxc Dòc| iaath`kk tcò b`| èw dg|lcxe/ghkc ciiclt ae L`tbakgl lbsxlb `ttcedèlc%

Vxalcdsxc

Tbc Mcecx`k \alg`k \sxycw "M\\' laedslt| vcxg/adgl |sxycw| ai oèw `|vclt| ai @ocxglè| kgyc| Z0_%Tbcw `|j psc|tgae| xèmgem ixao `mc èd o`xgt`k|t`ts| ta vakgtgl`k v`xtw iigkg`tgae ta xckgmgas| lbsxlb`ttcedèlc+ èd hcwaed% Tbcgx xc|skt| `xc laovgkcdge |vxc`d|bcct| èd `xc `y`gk`hkc ta tbc vshkgl iaxs|c ge |tsdgc| |slb `| tbg|% Tbc |sxycw| ixao 0776+0770+ 077



O`tb

èd `ddcd ` y`xg`hkc iax Eatxc Dòc iaath`kk% \gelcEatxc Dòc vk`w| dgiicxcet esohcx| ai mòc| ixaowc`x ta wc`x+ |govkw lasetgem tbc esohcx ai }ge| axka||c| }askd eat b`yc l`vtsxcd è `llsx`tc oc`|sxcai |sllc|| iax tbc tcò% \a+ G s|cd }ge vcxlcet`mc ta

dctcxogec ` oc`|sxc ai |sllc|| iax tbc Eatxc Dòciaath`kk tcò%

Hciaxc laetgesgem+ tbc M\\ d`t` eccdcd ta hclbcljcd iax cxxax| ax gova||ghkc astkgcx|% \aoc ce/txgc| ge tbc M\\ d`t` dgd eat laeiaxo ta tbc vvxaycdladgem cetxw |w|tco `| vst iaxtb ge tbc M\\ Ladc/haaj% \gelc G }`| se`hkc ta dctcxogec }b`t tbc|cèao`kas| cetxgc| ocèt+ G dckctcd ixao lae|gdcx/`tgae `kk vcx|ae| }gtb gedclgvbcx`hkc è|}cx| ta èwpsc|tgae|% Tbc d`t` }`| tbce igktcxcd |a tb`t aekwtba|c vcavkc }ba gdcetgigcd tbco|ckyc| `| XaoèL`tbakgl }cxc ge ow d`t` |ct% @itcx igktcxgem èdlkcègem tbc d`t`+ ow d`t` |ct gelksdcd 3+487 |sxycw|ta e`kw~c%

@kk ai tbc y`xg`hkc| ge tbc M\\ d`t` s|cd esohcx|w|tco: iax cròvkc ` vcx|ae kgygem ge Ec} Cemkèd}askd b`yc 0 `| tbc cetxw ge tbc y`xg`hkc xcmgae%Ba}cycx+ tbc ocègem ai tbc v`xòctcx }askd eat

hc lkc`x gi tbc y`xg`hkc xcmgae }`| s|cd ge gt| axgmg/e`k iaxo% Tbcxciaxc+ G lxc`tcd dsoow y`xg`hkc| tas|c ge vk`lc ai y`xg`hkc|+ kgjc xcmgae+ tb`t va|cd tbg|vxahkco%

@itcx lxc`tgem `kk eclc||`xw y`xg`hkc|+ tbc ecrt|tcv }`| ta dctcxogec tbc xck`tgae|bgv hct}cceEatxc Dòc| }ge vcxlcet`mc èd L`tbakgl lbsxlb`ttcedèlc% Ow ma`k }`| ta s|c tbc octbad ai Axdg/e`xw Kc`|t \ps`xc| "AK\' ta xse tbc xcmxc||gae

èd ttcovt ta getcxvxct tbc v`xòctcx|

g% Ba}cycx+|cycx`k g||sc| eccdcd ta hc dc`kt }gtb hciaxc G laskdvxalccd% Igx|t+ laskd G s|c tbc AK\ octbad `t `kk1Dgd ow d`t` laeiaxo ta tbc eclc||`xw `||sovtgae|1@ isxtbcx cròge`tgae }`| eclc||`xw%

M`s|| O`xjay @||sovtgae|

0' Tbc dcvcedcet y`xg`hkc g| kgec`x ge tbc gedc/vcedcet y`xg`hkc|% Hw `ddgem eaekgec`x iseltgae| aitba|c y`xg`hkc| }bcxc tbg| g| eat kgjckw ta hc txsc+ tbg|`||sovtgae g| `llasetcd iax%8' Tbc |òvkc g| xèdao% M\\ g| t`jce }gtb ` xè/

dao |òvkc%



O`tb

ae segpsc |l`kc ai }ge vcxlcet`mc+ }bglb g| dcigecdge Z6+0_% @k|a+ tbc y`xg`hkc `ttced g| |l`kc+ 6/2%

Tbc laciiglgcet a

g| Ba} laeigdcet lè G hc `hast tbc|c c|tgo`tc|èd getcxvxct`tgae|1 Gi }c lae|gdcx tbc |tèd`xdcxxax ai

a+ }c |cc tb`t gt g| `lts`kkw xc`|ae`hkw

ka}+ `| g| tbc |tèd`xd cxxax ai0% Lae|cpscetkw+ tbc

73# laeigdcelc getcxy`k iax a

b`| kcemtb 6%482098+ocègem tb`t }gtb 73# vxah`hgkgtw+ s|gem tbc lsx/xcet xcmxc||gae+ L`tbakgl| `ycx`mc è|}cx }askdhc hct}cce



O`tb

`tgem ` laeigdcelc getcxy`k xèmgem ixao `vvxarg/o`tckw 0 ta oaxc tbè 3% S|gem tbc lsxxcet oadck+gt g| eat lkc`x gi tbc c|tgo`tc ai tbc lae|tèt v`xò/ctcx g| `llsx`tc% Tbc v`xòctcx| ||alg`tcd }gtb tbcatbcx o`xgt`k dsoogc| `xc `kk ecm`tgyc+ gedgl`tgemtb`t o`xxgcd L`tbakgl| `ttced O`|| oaxc aitce tbètba|c }gtb èw atbcx o`xgt`k |t`ts|% @k|a+ crògegem

tbc laeigdcelc getcxy`k|+ kk hst }gda} g| |t`tg|tgl`kkw|gmegiglèt% Tbc bwvatbc|g| tb`t tbc laciiglgcet ae}gda} cps`k| ~cxa laskd eat hc xcncltcd% Ba}cycx+|gogk`x bwvatbc|c| hast tbc atbcx o`xgt`k dsoogc|laskd hc xcncltcd% Hcl`s|c ` vcx|ae| xckgmgas| ge/yakycocet g| sekgjckw ta hc xck`tcd ta tb`t vcx|ae|`mc ge ` |txgltkw kgec`x oèecx+ tbc y`xg`hkc |pxt`mc}`| gelksdcd ge tbc xcmxc||gae ta `kka} è c|tgo`tcai tbc ciiclt ai `mc ae `ttced ta hc eae/kgec`x% Tbcgetcxvxct`tgae ai tbc laciiglgcet| ai `mc èd |pxt`mc`xc oaxc laovkgl`tcd |gelc |pxt`mc g| ` iseltgae ai`mc% Tbc getcxvxct`tgae g| oaxc c`|gkw sedcx|taad}gtb è cròvkc> t`jc `mc igx|t ta hc+ |`w+



O`tb

|gae tbc aogttcd dsoow y`xg`hkc g| }xjiskk+ |a tbclae|t`et



O`tb

psc|tgae }askd mgyc è è|}cx 6%8434208 bgmbcx tatbc lbsxlb `ttcedèlc psc|tgae tbè tbc bwvatbctg/l`k vcx|ae è|}cxgem 6 ta tbc gelaoc psc|tgae%Tbc laciiglgcet ae ed}ge g| 6%34 Ba} dac| xcmgae`k xc|gdcelc ìicltL`tbakgl lbsxlb `ttcedèlc1 Aec ogmbt }aedcx}bctbcx kgygem ge Ec} Cemkèd b`| dgiicxcet ciiclt

ae lbsxlb `ttcedèlc tbè kgygem ge tbc oaset`gexcmgae% @eatbcx xcmxc||gae }`| xse s|gem y`xg`hkc|`||alg`tcd }gtb xcmgae`k xc|gdcelc% Bcxc+ tbc aogt/tcd mxasv g| tba|c kgygem ge Ec} Cemkèd+ |a tbclae|tèt ai



O`tb

bgmb "`hayc 8'+ `ed tbc laeigdcelc getcxy`k ai lbxg|tgelksdc| y`ksc| `| ka} `| %98882



O`tb

Vxgoc Esohcx| `ed Geiaxo`tgae \clsxgtw

Hctb`ew Bcx}`kdt 0

O`xlb 8



O`tb

Vxaai%

0% \svva|c ` * l h * l oad e% Tbce "` * l' ?je*"h*l' `ed ` ? je*h% Tbs|+ ` h oad e%

8% \svva|c ` h oad e% Tbce ` ? je*h% Tbce

`l ? "lj'e * hl% Tbs|+ `l hl oad e%



O`tb

lè ge|tc`d ffed tbc mxc`tc|t laooae dgyg|ax aih èd x6% Gt o`w hc tb`t h èd x6 `xc |tgkk k`xmc+

hst }c laskd da tbg| vxalc|| xcvc`tcdkw% Ecrt}c ffed p0 èd x0 |slb tb`t h ? x6p0 * x0 }bcxc6 x0 ; x6% ]bce da }c |tav tbg| vxalc||1 ]c

jea} tb`t gi }c jccv iaxlgem tbc xg| ta dclxc`|c+wct |t`w mxc`tcx tbè ax cps`k ta 6+ tbc vxalc|| b`|ta ced% Ge v`xtglsk`x+ gt }gkk ced }bce }c xc`lb `xco`gedcx ai 6% ]b`t b`yc }c daec1

` ? hp6 * x6 6 x6 ; h

h ? x6p0 * x0 6 x0 ; x6

x6 ? x0p8 * x8 6 x8 ; x0

x0 ? x8p< * x< 6 x< ; x8

% % % % % %

xe8 ? xe0pe * xe 6 xe ; xe0

xe0 ? xepe*0 * 6 xe*0 ? 6

Hw xcvc tcdkw s|gem Tbcaxco 4+ tbg| ocè| tb tmld"`+ h' ? mld"h+ x6' ? % % % ? mld"xe0+ xe'% \gelcxe*0 ? 6+ }c jea} tb`t xe { xe0 èd tbs| xeg| tbc mld"xe0+ xe'% ]c lè tbce laelksdc tb`tmld"`+ h' ? xe% Tbc |gmegfflèlc ai tbg| `kmaxgtbog| tb`t gt g| i`|t èd dac| eat xcpsgxc jea}kcdmc aitbc vxgoc i`ltaxg~`tgae ai` èd h% \vclgffl`kkw+ gihb`| d dclgo k dgmgt|+ gt lè hc |ba}e tb`t tbc `kma/xgtbo }gkk t`jc `t oa|t 3d |tcv| "Jahkgt~ 04'% Tbg|ocè| tb`t gi was }ètcd ta ffed tbc mxc tc|t lao/oae dgyg|ax ai t}a 866 dgmgt esohcx|+ gt }askdt`jc `t oa|t 0+ 666 |tcv| s|gem tbg| `kmaxgtbo+ ax

` ix`ltgae ai ` |claed ae ` i`|t laovstcx% Ge lao/v`xg|ae+ gi was txgcd ta ffed tbc mxc`tc|t laooaedgyg|ax hw ffx|t ffedgem tbc vxgoc i`ltaxg~`tgae aic`lb esohcx+ cyce gi was s|cd tbc i`|tc|t `y`gk/`hkc laovstcx| èd tbc hc|t jea}e i`ltaxg~`tgae`kmaxgtbo|+ gt }askd vxah`hkw t`jc wc`x|% Tbs|+Cslkgd| `kmaxgtbo+ dg|laycxcd tbas| ed| ai wc`x|`ma+ g| è ò`~gem `llckcx`tgae ai tbg| vxalc||%

Kct| }xgtc tbg| `kmaxgtbo iaxo`kkw%

Tbcaxco 3% Cslkgd| @kmaxgtbo Kct ` èd h hc va|/gtgyc getcmcx| }gtb ` 5 h% Gi h { `+ tbce mld"`+ h' ? h%Gi h `+ tbce dgygdc h geta `+ ffedgem ` xco`gedcx x6%

Ecrt+ dgygdc x6 geta h+ ffedgem ` xco`gedcx x0% Lae/tgesc tbg| vxalc|| setgk tbc xco`gedcx xe*0 g| 6% Tbcexe ? mld"`+ h'%

@| è cròvkc+ xcocohcx tb t }c |t tcd `hayctb`t mld"0796+ 03678' ? 079% Kct| ffed tbc |òcè|}cx s|gem Cslkgd| @kmaxgtbo%

03678 ? 0796 = * 0



O`tb

Dcffegtgae 3% @ va|gtgyc getcmcx e 5 0 g| l`kkcdvxgoc gi gt| aekw dgyg|ax| `xc 0 èd gt|cki% Atbcx/}g|c+ gt g| l`kkcd laova|gtc%

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Tbcaxco 7% Isedòcet`k Tbcaxco ai @xgtboctglCycxw va|gtgyc getcmcx e mxc`tcx tbè 0 lè hc }xgttcesegpsckw `| ` vxadslt ai dg|tgelt vxgoc|>

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O`tb

Igx|t+ }c dclgdc ba} k`xmc ai ` esohcx }ceccd+ |`w 066 dgmgt|% Ecrt+ }c xèdaokw |ckcltesohcx| tb`t b`yc tb`t oèw dgmgt| èd tc|t ta|cc gi tbcw `xc vxgoc% ]c da tbg| xcvc`tcdkw setgk

}c ffed ` vxgoc esohcx%]gkk }c cycx ffed ` vxgoc esohcx }gtb 066dgmgt|1 Ba} oèw 066/dgmgt vxgoc esohcx| `xctbcxc1 O`tbco`tglgè| b`yc kaem hcce |tsdwgemba} tbc vxgoc esohcx| `xc dg|txghstcd% \gelctbc 0=66|+ o`tbco`tglgè| b`yc hcce va|tsk`tgemèd vxaygem y`xgas| `vvxargo`tgae| iax "r'+ tbcesohcx ai vxgoc esohcx| kc|| tbè ax cps`k ta r%Tbcoa|t iòas|`vvxargo`tgae g| tb t"r' rke r %Ge atbcx }axd|+

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O`tb

ge ` esohcx e g| kam8 e * 0+ }bcxc ` ocè| `xasedcd da}e ta tbc ecrt getcmcx% Iax cròvkc+kam8 2 ? < èd kam8 36 3%94 |a }c jea} tb`t 2b`| 4 dgmgt| èd 36 b`| 9 dgmgt| ge hge`xw% Tbg| g|laeffxocd hw eatgem tb`t 2 g| }xgttce `| 0666 èd

36 g| }xgttce `| 006606 ge hge`xw% \gelc ge laovs/t`tgae`k laovkcrgtw+ }c `xc laelcxecd `hast ycxwk`xmc esohcx|+ }c lè |govkgiw asx eat`tgae èd

ns|t }xgtc kam8 e iax tbc esohcx ai hge`xw dgmgt|"Jahkgt~

tgae|% Tbc N`ms`x }askd hc `hkc ta dctcxogec}bctbcx ax eat `



O`tb

Eatc tb`t hw Tbcaxco 0+ tbg| tbcaxco cpsgy/`kcetkw |t`tc| tb`t hv h oad v% ]bce Icx/o`t| Kgttkc Tbcaxco g| }xgttce tbg| }`w+ }c eakaemcx xcpsgxc tb`t mld"h+v' ? 0% \svva|c tb`tmld"h+v' 0% Tbce v { h+ |a hatb hv èd h `xc

cpsgy`kcet ta 6 oadska v% Tbs|+ hv h oad v g||tgkk txsc%

Lkc`xkw+ tbg| tbcaxco mgyc| è cròvkc ai `vxavcxtw ai `kk vxgoc esohcx|% \svva|c he hoad e% ]c l`kk e ` Icxo`t vxah`hkc vxgoc h`|c/h%Was o`w bavc tb`t aekw ` |o`kk esohcx ai tbc|c`xc v|cdsavxgoc|% ]c ffx|t vxayc tbc seiaxtse`tci`lt tb`t tbcxc `xc geffegtckw oèw v|csdavxgoc|iax c`lb h`|c% ]c tbce |t tc }gtbast vxaai tbcmaad ec}|+ tb`t Icxo`t v|cdsavxgoc| `xc x`xclaov`xcd ta vxgoc|%

Tbcaxco 09% Iax c`lb getcmcx ` 8+ tbcxc crg|t ge/

ffegtckw oèw Icxo`t v|csdavxgoc| h`|c `%

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h`|c/` v|csdavxgoc|%Igx|t+ }c eatc tb`t e g| gedccd laova|gtc% Ge v`x/tglsk`x+ gt lè hc i`ltaxcd `|

e ?`v 0

` 0

`v * 0

` * 0%

Ea} }c }g|b ta |ba} tb`t è0 0 oad e% Eatctb`t e 0 ? "`8v `8'!"`8 0'% \gelc v g| vxgoc+}c jea} `v ` oad v hw Icxo`t| Kgttkc Tbca/xco% Hw |ps`xgem hatb |gdc|+ }c ffed tb`t `8v `8

oad v% Tbg| ocè| tb tv { `8v`8 ? "`80'"e0'%Ba}cycx+ }c `||socd tb`t v `8 0% Tbs|+

v { e 0%

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Tbg| ocè| tb t e0lèhc}xgttcee0 ? j"8v'iax|aoc getcmcx j% Tbs|+ è00 ? `j"8v'08v ? "`8v0'""`8v'j0* "`8v'j8* "`8v'j



O`tb

tb`t èw esohcx }gtb tba|c iasx vxavcxtgc| g| `L`xoglb`ck esohcx%

\svva|c e g| ` L`xoglb`ck esohcx% Tbce }cjea} e g| va|gtgyc èd laova|gtc% ]c }g|b ta|ba} tb`t gt g| |ps`xc/ixcc èd iax c`lb vxgoc dg/

yg|ax v aie+ v0 { e0% \svva|c tb`t e g| lts`kkweat |ps`xc/ixcc% Tbce tbcxc g| ` vxgoc dgyg|ax v aie |slb tb`t v8 { e% Tbce e ? v8j0 iax |aoc getcmcxj0 èd v

e8e ? vej0% \gelc e g| ` L`xoglb`ck eso/hcx+ }c jea} ve v oad e% Tbce ve ? j8e *viax |aoc getcmcx j8% Tbs|+

"j8e *v'j0 ? ve8e

j0j8e * j0v ? ve8e

j0v ? e"ve8 j0j8'

Tbce e { j0v% Ba}cycx+ e ? v8j0 |a v8j0 { j0v% Tbg|g| ` laetx`dgltgae+ |a asx `||sovtgae tb`t v8 { eos|t hc i`k|c% e os|t hc |ps`xc/ixcc%

Kct v hc ` vxgoc dgyg|ax aie% ]c }g|b ta |ba}tb`t v 0 { e 0% Kct ` hc ` vxgogtgyc xaat oadska

v% Tbce `v0 0 oad v% \gelc e g| ` L`xoglb`ckesohcx+ }c jea} tb`t è0 0 oad e+ |a e {è0 0% \gelc v { e+ v { è0 0 èd tbs| è0 0oad v% \gelc tbc axdcx ai` oadska v g| v 0 èdè0 0 oad v+ }c jea} v 0 { e 0% Tbs|+ tbcvxaai g| ffeg|bcd ge aec dgxcltgae%

Ea} }c }g|b ta |ba} tbc atbcx dgxcltgae% @|/|soc tb`t è getcmcx e g| va|gtgyc+ laova|gtc+|ps`xc/ixcc+ èd tb`t iax c`lb vxgoc dgyg|ax v aie+

v0 { e0% ]c }èt ta |ba} tb`t e g| ` L`xoglb`ckesohcx% Ge atbcx }axd|+ }c }èt ta |ba} tb t iaxèw va|gtgyc getcmcx `+ è ` oad e% \gelc }cjea} tb`t e g| |ps`xc/ixcc+ gi c`lb vxgoc dgyg|axdgygdc| è`+ tbce |sxckw e { è`% Tbs|+ gt g| aekweclc||`xw ta |ba} tb`t iax c`lb vxgoc dgyg|ax v aie+ è ` oad v+ ax cpsgy`kcetkw tb`t v { è `%

\svva|c mld"`+v' ? 0% Hw Icxo`t| Kgttkc Tbc/axco+ }c jea} tb`t `v0 0 oad v% ]c jea}tb`t c`lb v 0 { e 0+ |a "v 0'j ? e 0 iax |aocgetcmcx j% Tbce è0 `"v0'j 0j 0 oad v `|}ckk+ èd è ` oad v% \svva|c mld"`+v' 0%Tbce v { `+ |a lkc`xkw v { è ` èd tbs| è òad v% Tbcxciaxc+ iax èw `+ è ` oad v èd eg| ` L`xoglb`ck esohcx "Lxèd`kk 088'%

Tbc|o`kkc|t L`xoglb`ck esohcxg| 390% ]c lès|c tbg| tbcaxco ta ycxgiw tb`t gt g| ` L`xoglb`ckesohcx% Lkc`xkw 390 g| va|gtgyc% Gt g| `k|a lao/va|gtc èd |ps`xc/ixcc hcl`s|c gt lè hc i`ltaxcd

`| < 00 0=% Iax c`lb vxgoc dgyg|ax v ai 390+ dac|v 0 { 3961 Wc|+ 8 { 396 hcl`s|c 396 ? 8 826+06 { 396 hcl`s|c 396 ? 06 39+ èd 09 { 396 hcl`s|c396 ? 09



O`tb

Bc g| ea} xc`dw ta |ced bg| oc||`mc ta Ix% Ncej/ge|>

83=466=06=0


32/52 464/6=% Vxget%

Cxda|+ V`sk% Ae V|csdavxgoc| èd

L`xoglb`ck Esohcx|% Vshk% O`tb% Dchxclce

4 "0739'> 860/69% Vxget%

Mxèygkkc+ @edxc}% Gt g| C`|w ta Dctcxogec

]bctbcx ` Mgyce Getcmcx g| Vxgoc% Hskk%

@ocx% O`tb% \al% 48 "8664'> \clsxgtw \akstgae| iax Hs|gec||

@llckcx`tgae% ]ch% 63 O`x% 8606%

Wè+ \aem W% Esohcx Tbcaxw iax Laovstgem%

Hcxkge> \vxgemcx+ 8668% Vxget%

Tbc `stbax `ljea}kcdmc| tbc msgdèlc ai Vxai%

D% M`kyge+ Vb%D%+ Dcv`xtocet ai O`tbco`tgl|+ ge

}xgtgem bcx |cegax tbc|g|+ v`xt ai }bglb b`| hcce

s|cd ta mcecx`tc tbg| `xtglkc%



Hgakamw

Tbc Ciiclt ai Sxhèg~`/tgae ae Hgxd Iax`mgemD`ygd N% Lbè èd Xcmge` O% OlLaxo`lj

@dyg|ax|> Cxgl` Jg|tecx èd Dao Lb`kaecx+ Vb%D%

Segycx|gtw ai Eatxc Dòc+ Dcv`xtocet ai Hgakamgl`k\lgcelc|

@h|tx`lt

Sxhèg~`tgae dsc ta bsoè vavsk`tgae mxa}tb iiclt|ax`k èd i`se`k vavsk`tgae|% Iax`mgem |tsdgc|+ |slb `|

mgygem sv dce|gtgc| "MSD|'+ gedgl`tc tbc ciiclt| ai sxhè/

g~`tgae% MSD g| bgmbcx ge xc`| ai ka} iax`mgem ed ka}cx

ge `xc`| ai bgmb iax`mgem% Iax`mgem getce|gtw g| ìicltcd

hw tbxcc i ltax|> tbc cecxmw crcxtcd }bgkc iax`mgem+ tbc

og||cd avvaxtsegtw la|t|+ ed tbc vcxlcgycd xg|j ai vxcd`/

tgae% Tbc ciiclt| ai tbc|c i`ltax| `xc dcoae|tx`tcd ge tbc

MSD% Tbg| |tsdw crògecd MSD| ai hgxd| ae tbc Seg/

ycx|gtw ai Eatxc Dòc lòvs|+ hatb ge ` iaxc|tcd ceyg/

xaeocet èd ge è sxhè ceygxaeocet% ]c bwvatbc|g~cd

tb`t tbc hgxd| }askd crbghgt ` ka}cx MSD ge tbc sxhè

ceygxaeocet èd ` bgmbcx MSD ge tbc e`tsx`k ceygxae/

ocet% \sxvxg|gemkw+ tbc xc|skt| gedgl`tc tb`t MSD g| ka}cx

ge iaxc|tcd ceygxaeocet|+ |smmc|tgem tb`t hgxd| vcxlcgyc `

mxc`tcx xg|j ai vxcd`tgae ge sxhèg~cd `xc`| dsc ta k`lj

ai vxatcltgyc laycx% Isxtbcxoaxc+ è`kw|g| ai d`t` dsxgem

vxclgvgt tgae cycet| |svvaxt| tbc bwvatbc|g| tb`t iax`mcx|

vcxlcgyc ` kc||cx tbxc`t ai vxcd`tgae }bce iax`mgem ge tbc

x`ge% Tbc|c xc|skt| govkw tb`t sxhèg~`tgae ìiclt| kal`kcla|w|tco|+ tbs| }`xxètgem l`xcisk lae|gdcx`tgae ai hatb

sxhè vkèegem ed lae|cxy`tgae oè`mcocet%

Getxadsltgae

@| tbc bsoè vavsk`tgae mxa}|+ kèd s|c g| ge/cygt`hkw |bgitgem ta}`xd sxhè kèd|l`vc| "0'% Iaxcròvkc+ sxhè kèd ge tbc Segtcd \t`tc| gelxc`|cdhw 7 ogkkgae `lxc| hct}cce 0796 èd 07=6 èd tbcegelxc`|cd hw 0< ogkkgae `lxc| hct}cce 07=6 èd 0726"8'% @kaem }gtb tbc laeycx|gae ai kèd ta bgmb dce/|gtw vavsk`tgae lcetcx| laoc| tbc dc|txsltgae ai e`t/

sx`k b`hgt`t|% Sxhèg~`tgae tbs| dxò`tgl`kkw `ktcx|ikax`k èd i`se`k vavsk`tgae|% Iax`mgem |tsdgc| lèoc`|sxc tbc crtcet ai tbg| `ktcx`tgae `| ` esohcx aigevst| ìiclt axmèg|o| iax`mgem b`hgt| "


34/52



Hgakamw

ceygxaeocet èd |cycetcce xcvkgl`tc| }cxc t`jceixao tbc e`tsx`k ceygxaeocet%

Ls|tao/hsgkt hgxd iccdcx| "Igm% 8' h`|cd ae tbciccdcx| s|cd ge Ha}cx| èd Hxckèd| |tsdw "


36/52 X8? 6%603+ v?6%936'%

Dg|ls||gae

Laetx`xw ta asx axgmge`k bwvatbc|g|+ asx d`t` dac|eat gedgl`tc tb`t tbc MSD ai hgxd| ge tbc sxhè ceyg/

xaeocet g| ka}cx tbè tbc MSD ai hgxd| ge iaxc|tcdceygxaeocet% X`tbcx+ gt |smmc|t| tbc avva|gtc laelks/|gae% Tbg| xc|skt |cco| ta laetx`dglt ` vxcygas| |tsdwtb`t iased mx`w |psgxxck| ta b`yc ` ka}cx MSD geè sxhè ceygxaeocet tbè ` iaxc|tcd ceygxaeocet"



Hgakamw

tcx|+ hs|bc|+ i`kkce kam|+ èd vgkc| ai kcì kgttcx tb`tlae|tgtstc ` dce|c ixòc}axj ai vxatcltgyc |bcktcx|+}bgkc |bcktcx ge tbc sxhè ceygxaeocet }`| oslboaxc |v`x|c% Eae/sxhè hgxd| }cxc iased ta crbghgt` MSD mx`dgcet h`|cd ae dg|tèlc ta |bcktcx+ }gtblka|cx iaad v`tlbc| b`ygem ka}cx MSD tbè i`xtbcxv`tlbc| "='% @ktbasmb tbg| |tsdw dgd eat iged |slb

` mx`dgcet iax tbc |vclgc| ai sxhè hgxd| tbcw s|cd+|slb ` mx`dgcet laskd vatcetg`kkw crg|t iax asx |tsdwèd tbc mxc`tcx `hsedèlc ai |bcktcx ge tbc iaxc|tlaskd crvk`ge }bw gt b`d ` ka}cx MSD%

@eatbcx vatcetg`k crvkè`tgae iax tbc txced |cceg| tb`t tbcxc o`w hc ` mxc`tcx esohcx ai hgxd| getbc iaxc|t% Tbg| }askd l`s|c gelxc`|cd laovctgtgaeiax tbc kgogtcd iaad xc|asxlc% Ge tbg| bgmb laovc/tgtgae ceygxaeocet+ ge axdcx ta mct ceasmb iaad+hgxd| lèeat ìiaxd ta kc`yc ` bgmb dce|gtw ai iaad `|tbcw }askd ge ka} laovctgtgae ceygxaeocet% Tbg|l`s|c| tbc MSD ta hc ka}cx% Ba}cycx+ hcl`s|c tbcsxhè èd e`tsx`k ceygxaeocet| `xc aekw `vvxarg/o`tckw aec b`ki jgkaoctcx `v`xt èd tbc sxhè ce/ ygxaeocet laet`ge| txcc| èd atbcx ec|tgem vaget|+tbc va||ghkc dgiicxcelc ge tbc dce|gtw ai hgxd| |baskdeat hc lae|gdcxcd tbc vxgo`xw crvkè`tgae }gtbastisxtbcx |tsdw%

X`geAsx x`ge xc|skt| |svvaxt tbc igedgem| ai vxcygas|

MSD |tsdw ae akd/igckd oglc "Vcxaow|ls| vakgaea/ts|'+ }bglb `k|a iased ` ka}cx MSD ge tbc x`ge% Ge

tbg| l`|c+ tbc x`ge }`| lae|gdcxcd è gedgxclt lsc ai` ka}cx vxcd`tgae xg|j ixao osktgvkc vxcd`tax|+ `| gtlè ka}cx ` vxcd`tax| `hgkgtw ta dctclt vxcw "2'% Tbck`lj ai dgiicxcelc| hct}cce tbc |gtc| ge tbc x`ge o`w|tco ixao sxhè èd iaxc|t hgxd| xc`ltgem cps`kkwta tbc x`ge% @ |o`kk |òvkc |g~c ai x`ge d`t` laskd`k|a b`yc kcd ta eae/|gmegiglèt dgiicxcelc| hct}ccetbc |gtc|% @ktbasmb tbc v/y`ksc }`| eae/|gmegiglèt"6%03'+ tbcxc }`| txced ta}`xd tbc iaxc|tcd |gtc| b`y/gem ka}cx MSD| tbè tbc sxhè |gtc|+ `| }`| tbc l`|c}gtb tbc eae/x`ge d`t`%

Govkgl`tgae| ai Sxhèg~`tgaeIax`mgem |tsdgc| xc s|cisk octxgl ai oc`|sxgem

b`hgt`t vxcicxcelc+ vxcd`tgae xg|j+ èd laovctgtgaege e xc` "3'% Ixao lae|cxy`tgaeoè`mcocet vcx/|vcltgyc+ |tsdgc| |slb `| asx| `xc govaxtèt ge tb`ttbcw lè hc s|cd `| è gedgl`tax ai ètbxavamceglgov`lt ae e xc` ax vavsk`tgae "


38/52 @e secrvkagtcd avvaxtsegtw iax clakamw% Clak/amw =0>088 @xc bsoè laooce/|`k| kc|| |ce|gtgyc ta vxcd`tgae xg|j tbè tbcgx eaesx/hè lasetcxv`xt|1 Tbc Laedax006>==8/==9

2% Axxalj+ N% K% èd H% N% Dègck|ae% "8664'% Xadcet|h`kèlgem ` y`xgctw ai xg|j|> Gey`|gyc igxc èt| èd ge/dgxclt èd dgxclt gedgl`tax| ai vxcd`tgae xg|j% Aclaka/mg` 046>99988/989

06% Kaemlaxc+ T% èd L% Xglb% 8664% Clakamgl`k KgmbtVakkstgae% Ixaetgcx| ge Clakamw èd tbc Ceygxaeocet8>070/072

00% Ixèlg|+ L% D%+ L% V% Axtcm`+ èd @% Lxs~% 8667 Eag|cvakkstgae lbèmc| ygè laoosegtgc| ed |vclgc| ge/

tcx`ltgae|% Lsxxcet Hgakamw 07>0403/0407

08% \gohcxkaii+ D% èd T% D`wè% 0770+ Tbc msgkd lae/lcvt èd tbc |txsltsxc ai clakamgl`k laoosegtgc|%@ees`k Xcygc} ai Clakamw+ Cyakakstgae+ èd \w|tco`tgl|88>003/04=8/2



Vbw|gl

Ixao \t`tg|tgl| ta V`xtglkc| ge Psètso Oclbègl|

Jxg|tge` \`skt

Segycx|gtw ai Eatxc Dòc+ Dcv`xtocet ai Vbw|gl|

@h|tx`lt

Tbc lb`x`ltcx ai psètso v`xtglkc| g| lae|gdcxcd hw xastc ai }b`t }c jea} ai lk`||gl`k ed psètso |t`tg|tgl|Tbc vxc|cet`tgae g| mgyce ge tcxo| ai lk`||gl`k |t`tg|tgl| èd ha|aegl| |t`tg|tgl|+ hst iògkg`x crtce|gae |ba}| tb`t tbc

laelks|gae| `xc cetgxckw mcecx`k ta tbc psètso xc`ko% Ge tbg| v`vcx+ }c crògec tbc }gdc|vxc`d hckgci tb`t psètso

|t`tg|tgl| `xc cetgxckw dsc ta tbc gedg|tgemsg|bghgkgtw ai psètso v`xtglkc|% Ge tbc `llaovèwgem v`vcx }c+ }c oadgiw

tbg| lk`go ed |ba} tb`t eat aekw tbc gedg|tgemsg|bghgkgtw ai v`xtglkc| hst k|a dg|lxctc psètso oclbègl`k |t`tc| ed

vxclg|c psètso oclbègl`k oc`|sxc `xc xcpsgxcd iax psètso |t`tg|tgl|%


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Vbw|gl



Vbw|gl|



Vbw|gl


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tbcxc }`| `hast ` 0>= ecstxae ta vxatae x`tga%Tad`w+ tb`t x`tga g| oslb bgmbcx% Tbcxc `xco`ew oaxc bc`yw ckcocet| tb`t b`yc oaxcecstxae| tb`t vxatae| ge tbcgx eslkcg% 8



Vbw|gl

dcl`w| setgk gt hclaoc| |t`hkc% Tbc es/lkcs| }axj| gt| }`w sv tbc y`kkcw ai |t`hgk/gtw hw l`vtsxgem ecstxae| `ed dcl`wgem%Hw jea}gem tbc x`tc `t }bglb 08L"08L+e'8



Vbw|gl|



Vbw|gl

xc|skt|% Igm% 4 |ba}| tbc /x`w |vcltxso ah/t`gecd ixao tbc Mc dctcltax|% Getcxc|tgem

vc`j| gelksdc tbc 446 èd 300 jcY vc`j|%Tbc 446 vc`j+ h`xckw `hayc h`ljmxased getbc sem`tcd |vcltxso+ g| cebèlcd tbxasmb lagelgdcelc+ èd g| `hast 7# tbc |g~cai tbc 300 vc`j+ ge `mxccocet }gtb tbc dcl`w|lbcoc "Igm% 0'%

Igmsxc 4> Tbc x`} /x`w |vcltxso "d`xj' èdtbc /x`w |vcltxso m`tcd hw /

v`xtglkc| "kgmbt'%

\gelc }c lk go tb`t }bce }c dctclt `300 jcY /x`w èd ` /v`xtglkc `t tbc |òctgoc+ }c `xc }gtec||gem 8



Vbw|gl|

Igmsxc 9> Tbc esohcx ai 300 /x`w| dctcltcd

}gtb xc|vclt ta tgoc+ }gtb `e crva/

ecetg`k dcl`w lsxyc fft ta gt%

}c dctcxogec ixao asx oc`|sxcocet| lax/xc|vaed| ta tbc ai 8



Vbw|gl

taa bgmb+ c|vclg`kkw hcl`s|c tbc dctcltaxaekw laycx| 83# |akgd èmkc% ]c b`yc dc/yckavcd |aoc tbcaxgc| iax }bw tbc clgce/

lgc| }cxc |a bgmb% Aec g| tb`t tbc /v`xtglkc|laskd hc haselgem ast ai tbc 08L t`xmct+ dc/cltgem h`lj ta}`xd| tbc dctcltax% @k|a+ tbc300 jcY /x`w| `xc cogttcd ixao tbc va|gtxae+eat tbc t`xmct+ |a ` 300 jcY /x`w cogttcdixao ` dctcltcd va|gtxae g| oaxc kgjckw tahc dctcltcd tbè aec cogttcd ixao è sedc/tcltcd va|gtxae hcl`s|c ai tbc mcaoctxw%

Igmsxc => Tbc 300 vc`j sem`tcd "tav+ d`xj'èd m`tcd "tav+kgmbt' }gtb h`lj/mxased |shtx`ltcd% Tbc sem`tcd"hattao+ d`xj' èd m`tcd "hattao+

kgmbt' |vcltx` }gtb h`ljmxased|shtx`ltgae%

S|gem tbc|c clgcelgc| èd Cp% 3+ }c lèdctcxogec tbc `h|akstc wgckd% Tbc y ksc }caht`gecd }`| W ? "8%



Vbw|gl|

Tbg| crvcxgocet |ba}cd tb`t asx |ctsv g|l`v`hkc ai dctcltgem tx`lc òaset ai 8 @ dg`mxò ai tbc istsxc crvcxgocet`k

|ctsv%

@ljea}kcdmcocet|

G }askd kgjc ta tbèj Dx% Rg adaem Tèmiax bg| }aedcxisk msgdèlc% G }askd `k|akgjc ta tbèj cycxwaec ge ow xc|c`xlb mxasv+O`|`bgxa Eatèg+ @kg \ecddce+ Hxgè Hslbcx+\vcelcx Tbao`|+ Lbg O`+ Rgà Ièm+ èd

Lògkkc M`xlg`% G }askd `k|a kgjc ta |ba} ow`vvxclg`tgae ta Dx% M`xm èd O|% Bcxoèiax axmèg~gem èd bckvgem+ ge oèw } w|+

s| }gtb asx |soocx xc|c`xlb% Tbg| xc|c`xlb}`| |svvaxtcd ge v`xt hw tbc E`tgae`k \lg/celc Iased`tgae sedcx Mxèt Esohcx| E\I/VBW63/3824< èd VBW6=/32066%

Xcicxcelc|

Z0_ @xectt+ D%+ \svcxeay`c èd Eslkca|we/tbc|g|+ 0779+ Vxgelctae Segycx|gtw Vxc||%

Z8_ K% H`xxae/V`ka| ct `k%+ Eslkc`x Vbw|gl| @==7 "8669'


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Yg|gt

Laet`lt

Nage

Xc`d v`|t `xtglkc|+ hxa}|c ec} aec|+ èd|shogt wasx a}e xc|c`xlb aekgec `t

bttv>|lgcetg`%ed%cds%

Iax oaxc geiaxo`tgae `hast sedcxmx`ds`tcxc|c`xlb `t tbc Segycx|gtw

ai Eatxc Dòc+ yg|gtbttv>|lgcelc%ed%cdssedcxmx`dxc|c`xlb%

Co`gk psc|tgae| ax laoocet| ta tbc cdgtax|`t |lgcetg`Fed%cds%

Mct geyakycd }gtb \lgcetg` | è cdgtax+ ec}|

laksoeg|t+ ax mx`vbgl dc|gmecx iax tbcsvlaogem |coc|tcx%

Co`gk iax dct`gk|%


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