BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG and SPOTTED LANTERN FLY: … · ated_stink_bug.htm. November 12-14, 2018...

www.sustainableagexpo.orgNovember 13-15, 2017 | San Luis Obispo, CA

BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUGand SPOTTED LANTERN FLY:

RISING THREATS

Craig Macmillan, Ph.D.Technical Program ManagerVineyard Team


BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG

– Halyomorpha halys• What does it look like?

– 12-17mm (about a penny)– Larger than native stink bugs

• What does it do?– Colonizes edges of fields– Hides out in clusters close to harvest– Gets into buildings to overwinter– In 2010 some growers in mid-Atlantic states reported

total losses of sweet corn, peppers, tomatoes, apples,and peaches


Identification


Biology• Life Cycle

– Adults overwinter in winter diapause– Lay eggs on undersides of leaves– Five instars


Biology

• Feeding– Feeds with piercing/sucking

mouthparts– Injects digestive enzymes– Wounds become necrotic– Necrosis spreads– Wounds become sites for

disease and insect attack

– Estimated the presence of 5 BMSB per grape clustermay equal 37% loss in grape yield


Reproduction– Eggs laid in clutches of ~28 on underside of

leaves– 486 eggs in a lifetime– Egg to adult in 40-60 days (538 DD +148 DD to

first clutch )– One to two generations per year– All stages have been found to

cause direct damage to grapes


Spread

• Hitch hiker– Native to China– Spread to Korea and Japan

• BMSB in North America– Found in Pennsylvania in

late 1990s– First CA find Riverside 2002– Now in 41 states– Capable of flying 75 miles in a single day


Hosts– Grapes are not a preferred host– 60+ host plants including orchard

fruits, vegetables, andornamentals

– Will feed on vineyard edges– Concerns from feeding include

abscission of berries, increasedbunch rot, tainting of wines, andnuisance problems in wineries


Detection– Egg masses on undersides of

leaves May through August– First generation adults appear in

June– Second generation of adults in

September– Numbers increase until fall– Then adults look for buildings to

overwinter


Biocontrol

• Predators– Ants– Carabid Beetles– Spiders– Predatory Stink Bugs– Earwigs– Assassin bug– Lacewing larvae– Praying Mantuses– Birds


Biocontrol• Parasitoids– Parasitoid wasp found in Asia– Co-evolved with the BMSB– Being evaluated for import and release in the U.S.– Has also been found in four mid-Atlantic states

and Washington and Oregon.

Trissolcus japonicus-Samurai wasp


Insecticides

• Pyrethroids– Brigade– Danitol

• Chloronicotinyls– Venom– Belay

• Late season– Aza-direct (azadoractin)– Scorpion (dinotefuran)– Pyganic


BMSB Taint

• Strong unpleasant odor whendisturbed– Smell described as “crushed

cilantro,” “skunky,” “citrusy,”“piney,” “earwig exudate”

– Trans-2-decenal is primarycompound in stink, main compoundin cilantro.

• Meaningful problem inNortheastern vineyards since 2010– Taint compounds are tridecane,

dodecane, trans-2-decenal andtrans-2-undecen-1-ol

– Tridecane and trans-2-decenalmake up 70% of the taint

– Detectable in the μg/L range (ppb)


Willamette Valley

• Since 2012, BMSBincreasingly found inwinegrape vineyardsduring harvest.

• Winemakers reportdead BMSB infermenting wines

• Infestations of winerybuildings


Research on BMSB taint in wine

– Trans-2-decenal is unstable, so can behave differently under differentconditions

• Two studies• University of Maryland

– 50 BMSB per lug resulted in taint in juice for four months. No taint inwine.

• Oregon State University– Made wine using all the standard steps– Pinot noir– No definitive results yet accept…– Number of bugs, destemming and pressing increase the stink

compound– 3 BMSB per cluster is enough to lead to rejection of the wine by tasters


Locations

• Detected– Santa Barbara– San Luis Obispo– Monterey– San Mateo– San Francisco– Marin

• Established– Los Angeles– Northern SJV


San Luis Obispo• Detected in 2011

during inspection forGypsy Moth

• Found in belongings ofnew resident

• Residence was treated• Focus of Ag.

Commissioners hasbeen on residences


Class B Pest• "A" - Organism of known

economic importance subject tostate (or ag commissioner)enforced action such as:

– Quarantine Reg. & Exclusion– Rejection– Eradication– Containment– Holding Actions

• "B" - Organism of knowneconomic importancesubject, at the discretion ofthe agriculturalcommissioner, to:

– Eradication– Containment– Control– Holding Actions


The New York Experience

• Real problem in houses• Does get into wineries• “Not a ton” of damage• 2-3 BMSB per cluster is

enough for taint• Smell like “old cilantro

that’s been left in thefridge”


REFERENCES

– Good Fruit Grower– https://www.goodfruit.com/stinkbug-taint-in-wine/– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTEXNxDDXa0– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eNwHNYXSCGg– https://www.stopbmsb.org/stink-bug-basics/origins-of-bmsb/– Center for Invasive Species Research– http://cisr.ucr.edu/brown_marmorated_stinkbug.html– PSUWINEANDGRAPES blog– WBM– https://youtu.be/VzIpLHatLHc– http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/veg/bean/brown_marmor

ated_stink_bug.htm


Spotted lanternfly(Lycorma delicatula) (Hemiptera)

• Native to Asia• Introduced to southeastern

Pennsylvania 2014• Spread to Delaware, New Jersey,

Virginia, and detected in New YorkState as of September 2018

• Confirmed in Albany and YatesCounties of New York

• Feeds on over 70 different plants,including several importantagricultural, ornamental, and foresttree species



• Best description is“biblical”

• They swarm• 2” long• Phloem feeder• Feeds on trunks as

well as shoot• Excretes honeydew


The New York Experience• Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus

altissima) is preferred host• Grape is second• Spray every three day if infested• “If they get in must, you get taint”



• Lay eggs on vehicles, anysurface, like rusted metal(color?)

• Quarantine zones aregetting bigger

• Epicenter is Allentown,PA- a major rail andfreight hub


Egg masses on an end post


Adults feeding on a cordon


A vineyard stressed bySpotted Lantern Fly feeding

BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG and SPOTTED LANTERN FLY: … · ated_stink_bug.htm. November 12-14, 2018...

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