BROWN BEAR-URSUS ARCTOS

1.Description 2.Population 3.Threats 4.Distribution

◦ Distribution in Europe◦ Distribution in Spain◦ Habitat preferences

5.Conservation and legal situation◦ IUCN category◦ Comeback programs

6.Long term aims

Overview

Posibility of recovery

Actions to be imprement

Second largest predator mammal in Europe

Weigh between 100 and 635 kg.

Claws from 5 to 6 cm.

Head-and-body length of 1.4 to 2.8 m

Period of winter torpor

Solitary.

1.Description

Population name Countries Size (c. 2012)

Trend

Scandinavian Norway, Sweden 3400 Increasing Karelian Norway, Finland 1700 Increasing Baltic Estonia, Latvia 710 Increasing Carpathian Romania, Poland, Slovakia,

Serbia 7200 Stable

Dinaric-Pindos Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", Albania, Serbia, Greece

3070 Increase

Alpine Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia

45-50 Stable

Eastern Balkan Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia 600 Stable or decrease?

Central Apennine Italy 40-80 Stable Cantabrian Spain 195-210 Increase Pyrenean France, Spain 22-27 Increase

2.Population

Infrastructure development habitat loss

Disturbance

Low acceptance

Poor management structures

Persecution

3.Threats

More individuals in the north and east.

Larger localities

4.1 Distribution in Europe

4. Distribution

Two localities:◦ Cantabrian mountains◦ Pyrinean

4.2 Distribution in Spain

Adaptable

Low population densities large spaces

Mountains and forest cover

Low human disturbance

4.3 Habitat preferences

5. Conservation status and legal situation

IUCN category: vulnerable high risk of extinction in the wild

Protected by pan-European Habitats Directive

Hunting regulation

5.1 IUCN category

Spain: one of the smallest localities

◦ Pyrinean: reintroduction of other sub-especie

◦ Cantabrian: ecological corridor betwen the two sub-localities.

5.2 Comeback programs

Recovery possibility

◦ Currently increasing

◦ Population goals

Actions to be implement◦ Administrative◦ Economical

6. Long term aims

Wildlife comeback in Europe. 2013. ZSL, BirdLife International and EBCC. Available at: 

http://static.zsl.org/files/wildlife-comeback-in-europe-the-recovery-of-selected-mammal-and-bird-species-2576.pdf

The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals. Compiled by Helen J. Temple and Annabelle Cuttelod. 2009. IUCNhttp://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/mediteranean_mammals_web2.pdf

Large carnivores in Europe

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/carnivores/index_en.htm

European red List

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist/index_en.htm

Bibliography

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