Broadcast Asia 2016 - UHD and how it works with SDI and IP Infrastructures

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UHD and how it works with SDI and IP Infrastructures

Stan Moote CTO - IABM

© IABM 2016

Consistent Nomenclature • End Users are confused !!

– As vendors we can add to the confusion

• Confused End Users = zero P.O.’s – Buying is delay – Growth plans are put off

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Consistent Nomenclature

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Consistent Nomenclature • We don’t need to all agree on the same

direction • We do need to agree on the same terms and

help end-users to get on with business today • Consumers are confused enough, end-users

are scrambling to keep up.

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UHD household penetration is trending 1 to 3 years ahead of previous estimates Strategy Analytics predicts that shipments of 4K TVs in 2015 will reach 27.5 million or more units in 2015 and will hit 100 million units sold by 2018.

The State of, and the Pieces of UHDTV

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UHD is no longer just about the number of pixels: - Bit depth - Peak brightness - Black level - Color Palette - EOTF - Display Reproduction - High dynamic range - …

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Focus on Live or Playout only

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SDI?

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IP?

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All Virtualized?

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All Cloud?

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More Pixels 3840 pixels

2160

pixe

ls

1920

1080HDTV

1920

1080HDTV

1920

1080

1920

1080HDTV

Ultra HD 1

Digital Cinema Initiative “4k” 4096 by 2160 pixels

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More Pixels

• Feeling of immersion in a picture (not a story!) increases if picture fills more of the field of view

• IF viewers are at “Optimum” viewing distance HD, UHD-1 and UHD-2 fill more of the field of view.

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UHD is no longer just about the number of pixels:

- Bit depth - Peak brightness - Black level - Color Palette - EOTF - Display Reproduction - High dynamic range - …

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Viewing Device Distribution Content Master

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Viewing Devices The UHD Alliance supports various display technologies and consequently, have defined combinations of parameters to ensure a premium experience across a wide range of devices. In order to receive the UHD Alliance Premium Logo, the device must meet or exceed the following specifications: • Image Resolution: 3840×2160 • Color Bit Depth: 10-bit signal • Color Palette (Wide Color Gamut) • Signal Input: BT.2020 color representation • Display Reproduction: More than 90% of P3 colors • High Dynamic Range • SMPTE ST2084 EOTF • A combination of peak brightness and black level either:

• More than 1000 nits peak brightness and less than 0.05 nits black level OR • More than 540 nits peak brightness and less than 0.0005 nits black level

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UHD TV Colour Triangle BT.2020

HD TV Colour Triangle – smaller

BT.709

Wide Color Gamut = WCG

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Cameras - New Image Processing required in cameras including optimized color splitters - Set up screens Lighting – problems when BT.709 and BT.2020 are used together – LED illumination if often outside BT.709 points Metamerism – Even with the same white point, changing the light source can cause different color reflecting off the surface - All about the color sensors in your eye changing

Wide Color Gamut = WCG

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High Dynamic Range =HDR

Light input

Out

put

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• Dynamic Range is the difference between the darkest and the lightest detail we can display. • One “stop” represents doubling (or halving) of amount of light • Human vision has about 16 stops of dynamic range (1:65,000) • UHD standard allows for greater dynamic range than HD

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Images thanks to M. Price et Al “Production of High Dynamic Range Video”

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High Dynamic Range =HDR Hybrid Log-Gamma – A Royalty-free HDR standard, jointly developed by the BBC & NHK. Based simply on a revised transfer function it offers HDR that’s compatible with SDR displays. No end-to end metadata and minimal changes to a 10 bit chain. Two Content Masters – Technicolor HDR workflow producing separate masters for SDR & HDR Dolby VisionTM- proprietary technology developed by Dolby, a workflow that that has “pulsar” Master reference displays used by colorists, metadata from this process passed across the chain to render optimum pictures on user displays. Tone Mapping- the process of mapping pictures from a higher dynamic range source to a lower dynamic range target display. SMPTE 2086- standard describing the metadata used to characterize the display used for mastering. EOTF – Electrical optical Transfer function, a line or curve that relates the luminance or brightness of light output of a display to the signal input. TV gamma is a particular EOTF. OETF – Optical Electrical Transfer function, a line or curve that relates the signal output by a camera to the luminance or brightness in the scene it is televising. Gamma correctors modify the OETF of a TV Camera

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Source - ATEME

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EOFT and Compression Errors

An error of 16 (1.5% of the full scale) causes a luminance error of 123 nits (>10% of the full scale)

Source - ATEME

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SK-HD1300 Hitachi

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Human Vision, HDR and Nits

SDR

HDR

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Viewing Devices • A combination of peak brightness and black level either:


1 nit a single candle lighting from 1 meter ≅

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Distribution

Any distribution channel delivering the UHD Alliance content must support • Image Resolution: 3840×2160 • Color Bit Depth: Minimum 10-bit signal • Color: BT.2020 color representation • High Dynamic Range: SMPTE ST2084 EOTF

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Content Master • The UHD Alliance Content Master must meet the following requirements: • Image Resolution: 3840×2160 • Color Bit Depth: Minimum 10-bit signal • Color: BT.2020 color representation • High Dynamic Range: SMPTE ST2084 EOTF The UHD Alliance recommends the following mastering display specifications: • Display Reproduction: Minimum 100% of P3 colors • Peak Brightness: More than 1000 nits • Black Level: Less than 0.03 nits

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Channel Based Super High Vision uses 22.2 surround sound Object Based

• Audio “objects” eg instruments are recorded separately.

• Metadata (eg gain & pan) is sent for each object.

• Receiver “renders” audio to whatever loudspeaker arrangement used so very flexible for consumer but needs development.

Picture thanks To Katy Noland BBC R&D

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• HEVC Main 10 Profile specified

• 35-50% performance gains vs AVC/ H.264

• 10-bit codec is required for HDR

HEVC

Source: ATSC, HPA, 15 February 2016.

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• Legacy Interlace Video Formats – SD: {640,704,720}x480 – HD: {1440,1920}x1080

• Progressive Video Formats – Resolutions: 16:9/square pixels, divisible by 8 in both dimensions, up to

3840x2160 – HDR, HFR, 4K, Scalable, etc. are only suppored for progressive formats

• Integer and fractional frame rates supported: {24,30,60}/1.001, 24, 25, 30, 50, 60fps

• High Frame Rate supported: 100, 120/1.001, 120fps • Temporal Scalability Supported: 60->120 (HEVC Capability)

Video Formats


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• Several proposals submitted and under evaluation

• Evaluation in progress – Video quality (compression efficiency) – Backward compatibility with SDR (100nit, ITU Rec.709) – Production workflow concerns (particularly metadata)

• Selection and spec to be completed by 7/31/16

HDR Status


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Real-time infrastructure

Non Real-time Infrastructure

Inge

st S

erve

r

Pla

yout

Ser

ver

Work in progress

Archive Storage

Presentation Area

Studio or Outside Broadcast

Edit Workstation

Portable Camera Shoot

Contribution Distribution

Em

issi

on

QC and Grade

Mobile and tablet (lower resolutions)

Inge

st

Wor

ksta

tion

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• IP • HDR + • SMPTE 2022’s • AES-67 • How to Control? • Real time Switch • AIMS • TR’s and VSF • Virtualization • Quad Link and 12G

Nomenclature

Broadcast Asia 2016 - UHD and how it works with SDI and IP Infrastructures

Documents

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