GSM5114 Business Research MethodWriting a Literature Review(Internet usage and managers' performance)

Name : LIEW KAR THYE Matric Number : PBS1411486

LITERATURE REVIEWInternet is a system that connected with telephone lines, satellite lines and other transform environment and act as an electronic marketing in developed countries. According to Sadegh et al. (2013), the internet is viewed as a distribution channel, trading channel and communication channel. Meanwhile, it is also important for information access within an organization where it stores data in cheaply way, collect data rapidly and provide information accurately based on consumer needs (Peterson et al., 1997). Thus, the internet helps in information exchange between organizations, information gathering such as consumers needs discovery, local and global markets trading, competitive analysis and other marketing activities (Avlonitis and Karayanni, 2000). Meanwhile, internet also helps the employees within the organization to achieve a better performance appraisal. Manasa and Redd (2009) stated that a performance appraisal or performance evaluation is a process for a company to evaluate the employee's job performance and productivity in achieving organization's goal and mission.During the past year, researchers had focused on human behavior on IT usage, such as Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989). TAM was designed to study the relationship between a system's design characteristic to its acceptance and usage in the workplace. According to TAM, the actual system usage can be predicted by the user's intention. TAM concluded that the intention of an individual to use a system is determined by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness means the users know that using a system in the workplace will improve their performance during working hour. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use means the amount of effort needed by the users to operate the system. Besides, TAM suggested that perceived ease of use is determining perceived usefulness which means the simpler the system to be used, the more efficient it is. Furthermore, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are affected by the external variables such as characteristic and training on a system, individual intention to use the technology. Therefore, TAM is suitable to study the user reaction on a system usage due to the element in TAM model, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness relates to the user evaluations on a system functionality while perceived ease of use relates to the user assessment on the interface. Figure 1 shows the flow chart of a TAM model.

Figure 1: TAM flow chart.Furthermore, Srite and Karahanna (2006) enhance the TAM by adding willingness to innovate, quality of life, social influence, trust in technology and incorporated Hofstede's four cultural dimensions to study the influence of national culture on the acceptance model.In recent study, Kallol et al. (2015) investigate internet usage on an individual level by using Schwartz's value framework. Schwartz's value framework defines values as "desirable, trans-situational goals, varying in importance, which serve as guiding principles in people's lives." Besides, value also can be described as motivational value which influences the individuals' goal. This value motivates people to take an action, serving as a principle to guide people in daily life. Researchers conducted two studies using Schwartz's value framework, first study based on the World Value Survey (WVS) data and second study based on the European Social Survey (ESS) data. The result in the first study indicates that individuals deal with the impact of Schwartz like value types while the second study employed exact Schwartz's value types in internet use at an individual level while controlling for demographic variables.On the other hand, Farzana et al., 2015 found out that there is limited research on social media usage on the organization's performance. Therefore researches using a qualitative approach to investigate social media usage and its impact on organizational performance. The result of this study indicates that social media plays an important role in the performance of the organization such as customer relations and customer service activities.

ReferencesAvlonitis, George J and Karayanni, Despina A. 2000. The Impact of Internet use on Business-to-Business Marketing. Industrial Marketing Management. 29: 441-459.Davis, F. D. 1989. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3): 319-340.Farzana Parveen, Noor Ismawati Jaafar, Sulaiman Ainin. 2015. Social media usage and organizational performance: Reflections of Malaysian social media managers. Telematics and Informatics. 32: 67-78.Kallol K. Bagchi, Godwin J. Udo, Peeter J. Kirs, Khendum Choden. 2015. Internet use and human values: Analyses of developing and developed countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 50: 76-90.Manasa, K. & Reddy, N. 2009. Role of Training in Improving Performance. The IUP Journal of Soft Skills, 3: 72-80.Peterson, R.A., S. Balasubramanian, and B.J. Bronnenberg. 1997. Exploring the Implications of the Internet for Consumer Marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25, 329-346. Sadegh Feizollahi, Alireza Shirmohammadi, Zahra Safari Kahreh, Mohammad Safari Kaherh. 2014. Investigation the effect of Internet Technology on Performance of services organizations with e-commerce orientations. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109 : 605-609.Srite, M., & Karahanna, E. 2006. The influence of national culture on the acceptance of information technologies: An empirical study. MIS Quartely, 30(3): 679-704.