British Columbia Carpenter Apprenticeship Program · British Columbia Carpenter Apprenticeship...

British Columbia Carpenter Apprenticeship Program

Level 3 Line B

7960003566

Use Construction Drawings and SpecificationsCompetency B-1

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SAFETY ADVISORYPlease note that it is always the responsibility of any person using these materials to inform him/herself about the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation pertaining to his/her work. The references to WorkSafeBC safety regulations contained within these materials do not / may not reflect the most recent Occupational Health and Safety Regulation (the current Standards and Regulation in BC can be obtained on the following website: http://www.worksafebc.com).

BC Carpenter apprentiCeship program—LeveL 3 1

Competency B-1Use Construction Drawings and Specifications

ContentsObjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Learning Task 1: Use Architectural Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Self Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Learning Task 2: Use Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Self Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Learning Task 3: Use Shop Drawings and Reflected Ceiling Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Self Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Learning Task 4: Interpret Elevation and Section Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Self Test 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2 BC Carpenter apprentiCeship program—LeveL 3

Competency B-1Use Construction Drawings and Specifications

Construction drawings are the guide to the construction of a building—they are the way that the designer describes how to build the building to meet the specifications of the owner. Construction drawings can be very complicated, containing hundreds of sheets. To be able to construct the building the carpenter must be able to extract specific information and measurements from the drawings.

Specifications are typically in a booklet form and cover the brand, model, or other identifiers for the materials used for a specific building project. Where conflicts occur between specifications and drawings, the specifications normally outrank the drawings.

ObjectivesWhen you have completed the Learning Tasks in this Competency, you should be able to:

• describe schedules and detail drawings

• use schedules and detail drawings

• interpret interior and exterior elevations

CompetenciesWritten: “Read construction drawings”

You will be tested on your knowledge of construction drawings and contract documents.

practical: You will be required to extract specific information from construction drawings.


Notes

CompetenCy B-1 Learning task 1

Learning Task 1Use Architectural Drawings

Buildings are designed for their use and their occupancy. The BC Building Code (BCBC) requires that the following building types must be designed by a registered professional (Architect or Engineer):

• large buildings over 600 m2 in floor area

• buildings more than three storeys in height

• buildings with assembly, care, or detention type occupancies

• high hazard factories

These buildings fall under Part 3 of the Building Code. A registered professional must verify through field reviews that the work was completed properly.

Commercial and Larger BuildingsNormally, architects design buildings in accordance to Part 3 of the Building Code and the architect may employ a registered professional engineer to do the structural design using Part 4. The architect may also employ other professionals to design the electrical, plumbing, and heating systems. Usually, the architect or an engineer will act as the project manager during the construction process.

Larger buildings are usually broken down into the following drawings to make them easier to read and more applicable to those using them:

• structural drawings

• architectural drawings

• electrical drawings

• mechanical drawings

Carpenters typically use the structural and architectural drawings.

MeasurementsBuilding dimension measurements normally extend from building lines and gridlines. Building lines are the lines formed by the exterior of the foundation or the exterior of the wall.

Notes


Learning task 1 CompetenCy B-1

Larger projects will have a series of gridlines. Gridlines are lettered in one direction and numbered in the other direction. Gridlines are often centered to major building components, such as beams and columns. Gridlines do not change from drawing to drawing or from floor to floor, and are used for layout purposes. The location of a pad footing may be given as being centered 150 mm south of gridline G and 200 mm east of gridline 3. An example of gridline use is shown in Figure 1.

Drawing NumbersIn sets of drawings that include a combination of architectural, structural, electrical, and mechanical drawings, the drawing numbers use the first letter of the type as a prefix. For example, “A1” is architectural drawing page 1. “S5” is structural drawing page 5.

structural DrawingsStructural drawings are primarily used with the construction of larger commercial buildings. They show structural and engineered construction details. A very tall building will have additional structural requirements in addition to load bearing. These will include seismic and wind loads.

architectural DrawingsArchitectural drawings are used to show building size, building shape, exterior finish details, interior finish details, and room use. The architectural drawings include floor plans, elevation views, sections, and details.

Although there are norms for drawing plans, each architect has his or her own style and method for conveying needed information. As each building type offers its own unique challenges, plans for houses, high-rises, universities, and factories will be quite different in what they show for each type of drawing and where they show the information.


Notes


The Building Code specifies that the following must be shown in architectural drawings and drawings for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems:

• the name, type, and location of the building

• the name of the owner

• the name of the architect

• the name of the engineer or designer

• the north point

• the dimensions and height of all rooms

• the intended use of all rooms

• the details or description of the wall, roof, ceiling, and floor construction, including insulation

• the details or description of the windows and outside doors, including the size, hardware, weatherstripping, storm sashes, sills, and storm doors

• the size and continuity of all pipes, ducts, shafts, flues, and fire dampers

• the location, size, capacity, and type of all principal units of equipment

• the size, shape, and height of all chimneys and gas vents

• the size and location of all combustion air and ventilation openings

• the location and fire-resistance rating of required fire separations

It doesn’t state which of the above details are to be shown on floor plans, elevations, or cross sections. It only requires the information be shown to demonstrate that the plans are in conformance with the Building Code .

The following sections on floor plans, elevations, and cross sections present what is usually shown on these types of drawings, but this may vary considerably between different sets of plans.

Floor plansIn a set of construction drawings, the floor plans are near the beginning because they provide the reference for most of the construction information in the drawings. When looking at floor plans, you’re looking down on the building from overhead—floor plans are schematic drawings, where symbols are used to indicate the building components.

The following drawing excerpts are from plans produced by Garyali Architect Inc. of Victoria, BC for the Vancouver Island University’s Cowichan Campus (Figures 1 to 4).



CORRIDOR 135A

GROUP STUDY 124

GROUP STUDY 122 2a

3

ELEC

. 1

33C

OM

M.

134

Whiteboard

DVPscreen

Gallery / Verandah

SEE

DRA

WIN

G 2

/A2.

1

FO

R CO

NTI

NU

ATIO

N

Acid neutralizer

UP

D.F.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

9

Wall line above

2

Cpt.

F.D.

F.D.

Wall

4

4

8

CL column

CL column

2aCL

CL

columnCL

2a

Conc. pad

8 9 10 11

A

B

C

Whiteboard Whiteboard

Whiteboard

LCD

scr

een

LCD

scr

een

Instructor station Instructor station

5

Concrete Stair 2.1:23 Risers at 17420 Treads at 2852 landings

20

A6.2

DVPscreen

HDCP. button

8000 8000 6500

3485

875

900

1520

3010

500

1150

550

1150

1550

945

1630

580

2100

800

1970

1970

500

900

1540

2550

410

950

810

500

7000

500

2500

2500

2340

1150

2500

6000

1525

450

900

3425

410

7000

6100

1635

2600

1580

2615

410

2501850

3100

520

500

2000

900

1950

2150

860

2510

1365

4400

1300 2100

4400

W.R

.W

.R.

10a

A6.4

1830

cle

ar

1850 clear

13a

A6.4

STORAGE 132ASTORAGE131 120

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYSERVICE 132

CORRIDOR 100.05

CO

RRID

OR

100

.06

24 S COMPUTER 12524 S COMPUTER 130

CORRIDOR 140ACO

RRID

OR

136

2.1STAIR

WC - M 137

WC - F142

3 3

2

2

2 2

2 1

1 1

400

1995

200100

5b

1

2

2

6

830

2a

2

6

2a

2a

off mat

Cpt.

Cpt.

Plc.

Plc.

Plc.

Plc.

Cpt.

Plc.

Plc.

Plc.Plc.

Plc.

Plc.

Recessed walk off mat

Plc.

Plc.

Plc.

Plc.

Plc.

Plc.

1a

1

1

1

1630

715

6

A7.3

14 sim.

715

6

A7.3

14

15

14

A7.1

16

See dwg. 1/A7.3 for Int. Elevs.


1819

17

A7.1



5b

5b

20

A7.121

A7.122

1330 1330

1675

167516

5517

60

2000 1000 2500 2215

2350

1655

1760

2545

200200

190

1150

13652055

1310

G2 G2

G2 G2G2 G2

G2G2

G1

G1

2100 1630

1475

500

2900990

60

2090 2000

1810 1810 1810 3065

CL CL CL CL CLwindow window window window door

3

A4.3

1

A4.3

2

A4.2

4

A4.3

6

A4.3

150

650

1900

Figure 1. Partial 1st floor plan showing gridlines and section and detail notations

The following information is typically shown on floor plans:

• the shape of the building

• the overall dimensions of the building

• the use of the rooms

• the size of the rooms

• the location and size of doors and windows

• the location of cabinets for the kitchen and bathroom(s)

• the location of plumbing fixtures

• switch, outlet, and lighting fixture locations for the electrical system (unless shown on separate electrical drawings)

Floor plans are named for each floor of the building. e.g., First Floor Plan, Second Floor Plan, etc.



elevation viewsElevation drawings show the building from a natural viewpoint, as it will appear to the owner after it is completed. This makes the elevation drawings attractive to look at. There are usually four elevations, one from each side.

SP#2

11 10 9 8

2

A4.2

4

A4.3

CIP

CIP LF

AFL

SP#1

SP#1

CW

AF

AEWS / SF

AW-2

5500 2400 4100 8000 8000

2a

A6.4

Galv. scupper - 05500.

CF

SP#2

15

A6.5

CIP

100 dp. conc. nib

Figure 2. Partial rear elevation for the portion of building shown in Figure 1

The following is a list of information that may be shown on an exterior elevation view:

• wall finish materials

• roofing materials

• flashing and gutters

• handrails and decks

• window and door information, including window style and location

• the height of the building

• location of the finished grade

• roof slope

• roof projection

Notes



naming elevation viewsElevations are named for the compass direction that the wall faces, for example, a “South Elevation” faces south. An alternate way of naming elevation drawings is to name them by how the building is oriented to the street: Front Elevation, Rear Elevation, Right Elevation, or Left Elevation. The Front Elevation faces the street and the Left and Right elevations are left and right as the building is viewed from the street.

interior elevationsAn interior elevation is used to show interior detail information for the building. Cabinet details and interior trim layout are often shown on an interior elevation.

MI.

A

CT.

CT.

CT.

500

CLCL 388380

light fixture

2300

1000

CL

864

light fixture

Grab bars

GB. GB.

388

600

Screen partition

900

Figure 3. Interior elevation of the men’s washroom east wall

sectionsSection views show architectural information as well as structural information. When a section view is across the entire building, it’s often referred to as a “cross section”. Figure 4 shows a building section for the building portion shown in Figures 1 and 2.


Notes


13.90 LEVEL 2

9.90 LEVEL 1

17.90 LEVEL 3

4000

21.68

3780

13.90 LEVEL 2

9.90 LEVEL 1

17.90 LEVEL 3

4000

1740

10 R

@ 1

74

GB

CORRIDOR 200.4

A B

2 : 12

3002000

STAIR 2.2

WC-F 142

STAIR 2.3

STAIR 2.1

1392

8R @

174

Line of Roof beyond

920

AW-2

PARTIAL SECTION THROUGH STAIR 2.1 (LOOKING EAST)Scale: 1:75

4

A4.3

Line of conc.@ wall

3

A4.3

20

A6.2

20

A6.2

FINISHED GRADE

20

A6.3SIM.

Wood brace as per structural

9500

Concrete topping over 76 rigid insul'n

350

STEEL BASE AT GLULAM COLUMNS IN GREEN ROOF AREA (TYP)Steel Base with welded continuous bent plate flashing collar. (All hot dipped galv.) Flash over membrane as per 12/A6.2. See also structural.

2200

Glulams as per structural

PC

Guard assembly as per 7/A6.5

NCV5

Conc. Access panel 600 x 600

1070

GB

600

GB

GB over 50rigid insulation

920

920

GB

Line of Conc beyond

GB

8b

A6.6

Wd. handrails

Wd. handrails

8c

A6.6

8b

A6.6

8c

A6.6

GB

200

Figure 4. The section view for the building shown in Figure 1

The floor elevations, ceiling heights, material specifications, and construction details are all shown on the section view.

revisionsWhen using construction drawings, it’s very important to make sure you’re using the most up-to-date version of the drawing.

Revisions to construction drawings are noted on the drawing and identified in the title block. These revisions have been made prior to construction. The revisions are

Notes



indicated in the title block with a symbol and the corresponding revision is shown on the drawings with the same symbol. Often a revision cloud is drawn around the portion of the building that was changed (Figure 5).

During construction, changes to the design of the building may occur. New drawings should accompany these changes, along with change orders, and should be included with the original drawings. The changes should be clearly noted and drawings dated, so that there can be no mistake about which drawing is the most recent.

UPR7

Figure 5. Revision cloud indicating the extent of the revision

as-built DrawingsAs part of the contract to complete a larger building, the building contractor is required to provide the owner with a set of as-built drawings. The purpose of these drawings is to show where the electrical and mechanical systems were installed as well as any changes to the structure that were made during construction. Gas lines are particularly important to include.

Revisions to as-built or historical construction drawings are noted on the drawing and identified in the title block.

Now complete Self Test 1 and check your answers.



Self Test 1

1. Name the two basic design considerations of buildings as found in the Building Code .

2 . What type of architectural information is shown on floor plans?

3 . What type of architectural information is shown on elevation views?

4. What types of architectural information are shown on section views?

5. Explain what an as-built drawing is.

6 . What is a revision cloud?



Use Figures 1 to 4 to answer the following:

7 . What are gridlines 8, 9, A, and B centered on?

8. What is the spacing between gridlines 8, 9, and 10?

9. What is the spacing between gridlines 10 and 11?

10. What is the spacing between gridlines A and B?

11. What is the distance from the centre-line of the urinal to the centre-line of the grab bars?

12. What is the height of the vanity countertop?



Learning Task 2Use Schedules

Schedules or legends are used to provide detailed information about specific building components, especially those that are repeated several times throughout the building. It’s more efficient to lay out the specifications for each door, window, room, or wall once in a schedule as opposed to multiple times on the drawings. Drawings can be overwhelmed with information making them difficult to read. It’s easier when the information that’s needed can be put in a schedule or a legend.

For example, a schedule or legend is used in commercial construction where there may be many components that are the same size and specification. A symbol or notation is used on the drawings to indicate the component and to refer back to the schedule or legend to find its description.

Door ScheduleDoor schedules provide door sizes, materials, style, hardware requirements, and other special notes. Each door is indicated by a symbol on the floor plan, usually a letter in a circle or square (Figure 1). The corresponding letter is used in the door schedule. Figure 2 shows a typical door schedule. DO stands for “ditto”.

A

Figure 1. Symbol on Floor Plan

Door sCheDULe

DOOR FRAMETH

RESH

OLD

WEA

THER

STR

REM

ARKS

TYPE SIZE

(Width × height × thickness)MAT. CORE FIN. CLOSER MATERIAL FIN

A 750 × 2100 × 45 ALUM HOLLOW ANOD YES ALUM ANOD YES YESDOUBLE GLAZED

B 810 × 2100 × 45 DO DO PT. NO STEEL PT YES NOLOCK

AND KEY

C 910 × 2030 × 45 WOOD DO DO DO DO DO NO DO -

D 610 × 2030 × 45 DO SOLID DO DO DO DO YES DO -

E 750 × 2100 × 35 DO HOLLOW DO DO WOOD DO NO DO -

F 810 × 2100 × 35 DO DO DO DO DO DO DO DO -

G 910 × 2030 × 35 DO DO DO YES DO DO DO DO -

Figure 2. Door schedule



Window ScheduleDrawings are often used as part of a schedule where there are graphic details that need to be described. Similar to doors, each window is indicated by a symbol on the floor plan. Figure 3 shows a typical window schedule, the drawings show the shape and dimensions of the window as well as the opening of the sash.

The schedule shown in Figure 3 uses a hexagon with the window number as a symbol.

W1

2557 2557

11791526

1526 1526

1793 1030

FIXED

W2

W4W3

Figure 3. Window schedule

In concrete or masonry construction, the finished opening sizes for the windows are shown on the drawings. After the window openings are constructed, the window manufacturer will take site measurements and custom-build the windows to suit openings unless the building is designed to fit stock-sized windows.

Stock windows are normally used in wood-frame construction. This requires that the rough opening in the framing be built to suit the windows being ordered.

Check with the window manufacturer to determine the rough opening sizes before building wood-frame walls.



Room ScheduleRoom schedules provide the information for the finishes of each room in the building. The wall, ceiling, and floor finishes are specified as well as the type of material used for the baseboard.

The rooms described in a room schedule are listed by room name or by a room number shown on the floor plans.

room sCheDULe

ROOM BASE FLOOR WALL CEILING REMARKS

MATERIAL FIN MATERIAL FIN MATERIAL FIN MATERIAL FIN

GARAGE NONE - CONC.EX

POSE

DCONC. PT GYP. PT -

LOBBY VINYL -QUARRY

TILE SEAL

ER

MARBLE - SUSP.

CEILING - -

STORAGE DO - VINYL WAX CONC. PT GYP. PT -

PARKING NONE - CONC.

TRO

WEL

CONC. - CONC. - -

RM 120 WOOD PT CARPET - GYP. PT GYP. PT -RM 220 WOOD PT DO - DO DO DO DO -

Figure 4. Typical room schedule

Wall SchedulesThe following is a schedule of wall types, and like the previous window schedule, each wall type is identified on the floor plan by W1 through W8. Glass walls are identified by G1 or G2. This schedule is from the Vancouver Island University (VIU) Cowichan campus plan used in the previous Learning Task.



WALL TYPES: ALL G.B. TO BE TYPE 'X'12

4

W1: 3/4 HR. F.R.R. BCBC 2006 S4a

16 G.B.R12 steel stud batt insulation92 steel studs @ 600 o.c.16 G.B.

140

W2:1 HR. F.R.R. BCBC 2006 S5a

156

W3:2 HR. F.R.R. BCBC S6a

273

W4: - HR. F.R.R. BCBC ---

118

W5:

G1: Glass in Partitions

G2: Glass in Partitions

184

W1a: 3/4 HR. F.R.R. BCBC 2006 S7a

16 G.B.R12 steel stud batt insulation152 steel studs @ min. 600 o.c.16 G.B.

two layers of 16 G.B.R12 steel stud batt insulation92 steel studs @ min. 600 o.c.16 G.B.

200

W2a:1 HR. F.R.R. BCBC 2006 S8a

two layers of 16 G.B.R12 steel stud batt insulation152 steel studs @ min. 600 o.c.16 G.B.

two layers of 16 G.B.R12 steel stud batt insulation92 steel studs (max. 25 ga.) @ min. 600 o.c.two layers of 16 GB.

216

W3a:2 HR. F.R.R. BCBC S9a

two layers of 16 G.B.R12 steel stud batt insulation152 steel studs (max. 25 ga.) @ min. 600 o.c.two layers of 16 GB.

two layers of 16 G.B. R12 steel stud batt insulation92 steel studs25 air space92 steel studsR12 steel stud batt insulationtwo layers of 16 G.B.

concrete OR mech. or furringmin. 13 air space92 metal studs16 G.B.

181

W5a:concrete OR mech. or furringmin. 13 air space152 metal studs16 G.B.

laminated glass3 mm float glass0.75 mm polyvinyl butyral interlayer3 mm float glass

laminated glass6 mm float glass0.75 mm polyvinyl butyral interlayer6 mm float glass

105

S1: Shaftwall 1 HR. F.R.R. ULI U469

16 GB.64 C-H @ 600 o.c.FG. insulation25.4 shaftwall GB.

HS1: 1 HR. F.R.R. WHI-495 PSH 0154/0167

steel'J'-runner

1 layer of 16 type 'x' GB fire code C core

1 layer of 25type 'x' liner panel

St. 'J'-runner

SealantMetal trim

Corner reinforcement

C-H studs @ 600 o.c.

2 layers pf 16 type 'x' GB

sealant

67

W5b:concrete OR mech. or furringmin. 13 air space38 metal studs16 G.B.

124

W6: 16 G.B.92 steel studs @ 600 o.c.16 G.B.

200 conc block

W7:

190

216

W8: 16 G.B.92 steel studs @ 600 o.c.92 steel studs @ 600 o.c.16 G.B.

Figure 5. Wall type schedule (courtesy of Garyali Architect Inc. of Victoria, BC)


Notes


Legends

Legends, like schedules, are used to minimize the amount of repetitive writing in sets of plans. They act as a key to define abbreviations, hatchings, and symbols. This helps with interpreting the information that is given on a set of plans.

From the same set of plans for the VIU campus, there is a legend showing fire separation rates, wall information, and abbreviations (Figure 6).

Detail DrawingsA detail drawing is used when it’s simpler to use graphic detail to show repetitive components of a building. Figure 7 shows both elevations and plan views for four configurations of fume hood storage units.

a.w.p. = acoustic wall panelB.O. = by othersCB = chalk boardCG = corner guardcj = control jointconc. =concreteCpt. = carpetCT = ceramic tileC.U.H. = cabinet unit heatersD.F. = drinking fountainD.S. = downspoutF.D. = floor drainF.G. = fibreglassF.R.R. = fire resistance ratingG.B. = gypsum boardH.S. = hydration stationlino = linoleumL.W.S. = linear wood (ceiling) systemN.I.C. = not in contractN.C.V. = non conbustible voidO.H. = over headp = paint/stainPlam. = Plastic laminatePlc. = Polished concrete Ply = plywoodR = rubberR.O. = rough openingR.W.L. = rain water leaderSAM = self adhered membraneSB = smart boardSG. = sandblasted glassst. = steelTB = tack boardTWS = tactile warning stripu.n.o. = unless noted otherwiseWB = white boardWFS. = water filling stationW.G.L. = wired glass in metal framesW.R. = Waste receptacle

= elevations (finished)

LEGEND

= dia. turning circle

Figure 6. Legend

Notes



610

6 ply back

Adj.

shelving

R.B.

990

u/cfridge

Acid resistant counter

R.B.R.B.

R.B.

Adj.

shelvingA

dj. shelving

Adj.

shelving PlamPlam

PlamPlam

Hdw

d. trim &

edgesH

dwd. trim

& edges

Hdw

d. trim &

edgesH

dwd. trim

& edges

R.B.

BacksplashBacksplash

BacksplashBacksplash

100

25

7801300

11151120

Lab 235 Fume H

ood Storage Unit D

etailsScale: 1:25

1A8.3

ElevationScale: 1:25

AElevationScale: 1:25

BElevationScale: 1:25

CElevationScale: 1:25

DElevationScale: 1:25

E

EE

EE

19 Plam gable

200410

920200

1115600

700

200

410

780

Acid resistantcounter




PlanScale: 1:25

FPlanScale: 1:25

GPlanScale: 1:25

HPlanScale: 1:25

I

610

Lockable (typ.)

Figure 7. Detail drawings (courtesy of Garyali Architect Inc. of Victoria, BC)




Self Test 2

1. When are schedules used on construction drawings?

2 . When are drawings used as part of a schedule?

3 . What type of construction would use schedules as part of the drawings?

4. List two types of building components that can be described in a schedule other than doors, windows, or rooms.

5. In what type of construction are the window rough openings shown on the drawings?

6 . What must be done prior to framing window openings in a wood-frame building?

7 . What additional information can be found in a window schedule other than the size of the window?

8. What is the height of a door that is listed as a “920 × 1020 × 45”?

9. What is a legend?

10. What thickness and type of drywall is required for a W2 wall (use Figures 5 and 6)?

11. What thickness of float glass used in a G1 wall?

12. What does 9.90 stand for?


Notes


Learning Task 3Use Shop Drawings and Reflected Ceiling Plans

Shop DrawingsManufacturers of certain building components are required to make shop drawings for those components. Cabinet manufacturers, structural steel contractors, and window manufacturers are a few examples of companies that use shop drawings. They use shop drawings to detail how their components are going to be built. The architect approves the shop drawings before the manufacturer begins construction of the components.

Figure 1. Sign off procedure for shop drawings

Notes



Copies of approved shop drawings are sent to the construction site where they are used to verify the final dimensions and details. For example, cabinet shop drawings are used to position the partitions around cabinets. The partitions are completely finished before the cabinets are delivered to the job, so measurements between partitions must be exact.

Figure 2. Shop drawing page for fum

e hoods



specialtiesSpecialty items are often accompanied by shop drawings. Specialty items include vaults, fixtures, rolling window shutters, hoists, and loading docks. These special items all need specific allowances made for them in the construction of the building and the approved shop drawings must be followed carefully.

Reflected Ceiling PlansReflected ceiling plans are used to indicate the ceiling finishes, elevations, and layout. They also indicate lighting, mechanical system, and sprinkler system finishing layout. A reflected ceiling plan is a plan view of the ceiling as if you looking down at it (Figure 3). The ceiling finish is indicated with hatching as described in a separate legend (Figure 4). Electrical fixtures are laid out on the electrical plan. Many reflected ceiling plans show both the ceiling type and the lighting layout (Figure 5).

8000 8000 4100

3600

6400

2500

7000

Ch: 2900

Conc.

Conc.

CH: 2600

GB.

2000

Ch: 2750 GB.

Ch:

300

0

Ch: 3000

CH: 3000

u/s stairconc.

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BALANCE 235C

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Figure 3. Partial second floor reflected ceiling plan for Vancouver Island University’s Cowichan Campus (Courtesy of Garyali Architect Inc. Victoria, BC)

Notes



WOODWORKSVECTOR610 x 610

SCHOOL ZONE610 x 1220

CERAMAGUARD610 x 1220

HEALTH ZONEULTIMA610 x 610

LEGEND to CEILING TREATMENTS(Note: - Lay-in tiles referenced to Armstrong products.)

SAFS - Seamless Acoustical Finish System

12.7 GB over 50 rigid insulation

Figure 4. Ceiling fi nish legend (Courtesy of Garyali Architect Inc. Victoria, BC)

Figure 5. Refl ecti ve ceiling plan showing lighti ng fi xture locati on


Notes


Hardware and FittingsDoor, window, and other hardware come with installation instructions and details. Although not part of the construction drawings, these details are necessary to correctly install the hardware.

Save the instructions for hardware installation and store them with the documents for the building, they may be required for warranty, maintenance, or renovations at a later date.




Self Test 3

1. List three types of information that will typically be shown on reflected ceiling plans.

2 . What should be done with the instructions for installing the panic hardware on the entrance doors of a building after the hardware has been installed?

3 . List four different specialty items that will usually have shop drawings with them.

4. Who draws the shop drawings?

5. What is done with the shop drawings after they are drawn?

6 . Why does a carpenter use shop drawings?

7 . What type of ceiling finish does this symbol represent? Is it used in the reflective ceiling shown in Figure 3?

8. What is the lead time for stocked items with epoxy worktops (Figure 1)?


Notes


Learning Task 4Interpret Elevation and Section DrawingsThe bulk of information for most construction projects will be shown on floor plans, foundation plans, and cross sections. Where additional details need to be shown, elevation drawings and section detail drawings are used.

Elevation DrawingsBoth interior and exterior elevation drawings are normally used for larger commercial projects. Their purpose is to convey the look of the building, but more importantly, to show details not easily shown by plan views. One example would be to show the location of certain head-flashings (Figure 1).

178

Level 3 HEAD at GL 51:7.5

15A6.6

5

110

Fascia and flashings as per 17/A6.3

Seal AVB to frame

Cant from 89 x 89 Pressure treated SPF

44 X LVL

Clerestorey wall line beyond

Pack with plywood to match decking depth

• 3mm Aluminum Fascia• Moisture Barrier: Vapour permeable S.A.M.• 12.7 Dens Glas• Z bars to suit @ 400 o.c.• 63 Rigid Insul'n• AVB: Vapour permeable S.A.M.• Blocking as per structural• Glulam blocking as per Struct.

Aluminum Closure

152 st stud ext. wall assembly beyond

GREEN ROOF #4

Figure 1. Head-flashing detail

Elevation drawings are normally a two-dimensional view of a vertical surface. Learning Task 1: Use Architectural Drawings covers addition material on interior and exterior elevations.

Notes



Figure 2 shows the four exterior elevations (North, East, South, and West) for an electrical building on Vancouver Island University’s Cowichan Campus.

RD + D

S + splash pads - by 07620

100 2600

GLB

CB-SF

400

Conc.

CF behind DS

1400

19 X 140 Boards with 38 x 89

battens (on edge)

100ELECTRICAL BU

ILDIN

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EST ELEVATION

Scale: 1:1007b

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Scale: 1:1007d

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Scale: 1:1007c

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Figure 2. Exterior elevations 7a through 7d for a small electrical building show

n on drawing page A3.2

courtesy of Garyali Architect Inc. of Victoria, BC


Notes


Looking at the previous drawings in Figure 2, we can see reference to Detail Drawing 8 on drawing page A6.3 and a reference to Detail Drawings 5 and 6 on drawing page A4.2.

The reference to Detail Drawing 8 is shown in the close-up view in Figure 3. The finished floor elevation of 100.17 metres is also shown in a half circle.

Drawing 8 on page A6.3 is shown in Figure 4. This is a section that shows the requirements for the roof projection and fascia for the electrical building.

DS and splash pad by 07620

100.17 Fin. Floor Level

Berm

8

A6.3Sim.

Figure 3. Close-up portion of Figure 2 showing reference to Detail Drawing 8 on page A6.3

Wood Fascia Detail1:7.5

8A6.3

3mm alum. flashing

Prefin. met. flashing

Gravel and edging as per landscape

2 ply SBS membrane up and over fascia

76 x 235 R.S.Cedar Fascia

GREEN ROOF OVERHANG• Growing Medium• Drainage Mat• 2 Ply SBS Membrane/ Root barrier• Ply as per structural• Wood deck as per structural• Wood Structure

5% slope

Figure 4. Drawing 8/A6.3

Notes



Drawing 7d in Figure 2 also references drawing 6/A4.2, which is shown in Figure 5. This is a section that shows a thickened edge slab supporting a concrete block foundation wall.

Finished grade

Electrical Building1: 7.5

1Ask 9d

Split face conc. blockw/ raked joints

• Smooth face conc. block (w/ smooth joints) - see elevations• Damproofing• Delta MS drainage board-install as per manufacturer's recommendations• Fill

Structural foundation slab on ground seal as per spec.

Base detail

ELECTRICAL BUILDING BASE DETAIL

Scale:1:7.5

6

A4.2

Figure 5. Drawing 6 on drawing page A4.2

Section DrawingsPlan drawings such as floor plans show dimensions, locations, and general information for layout. Section drawings provide information regarding materials. They also show construction details as to how materials are fitted together.

There might be several complete cross sections of a building in a set of drawings. One example is shown in Figure 6. There are often many small detail sections at a much larger drawing scale. Figures 4 and 5 are two examples.



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Notes



RainscreensAnother situation where elevation and section drawings can be very useful is to describe the requirements for rainscreen construction.

Article 9.27.2.2 of the British Columbia Building Code (BCBC) requires a first and second plane of protection separated by a capillary break for Part 9 residential wall construction.

As this is a complicated Code issue to understand, further explanation is supplied in the BCBC Division B Appendix A, with the use of three section drawings (Figure 7).

second planeof protection(air space andsheathingmembrane)

innerboundary ofsecondplane ofprotection

heat, air andvapour controlelements withstructural elementsand finishes

(a)

second planeof protection(insulatingsheathing)



(b)

second planeof protection (2 layersof sheathingmembrane)



(c)

rain penetrationcontrol elements



first plane ofprotection(cladding)


first plane ofprotection(compositecladding)

second planeof protection(air space andsheathingmembrane)



(a)

second planeof protection(insulatingsheathing)



(b)

second planeof protection (2 layersof sheathingmembrane)



(c)






first plane ofprotection(compositecladding)

Figure 7. BC Building Code rainscreen assemblies

Much detail is lacking in regard to how to seal the first and second planes of protection around windows, doors, electrical, and other penetrations. Furthermore, it doesn’t show how the capillary break is to be maintained or allowed to drain at some of these locations.

The Homeowner Protection Office requires third-party warranty insurance providers for residential construction. These providers can require additional measures in regard to rainscreen or any other aspect of the construction that they are insuring.

An example of this comes from the warranty provider accepted booklet, A Reference Guide of Typical Rainscreen Wall and Window Details .


Notes


This 25-page booklet goes beyond Code requirements to illustrate good building practices through the use of elevation and section drawings. In some cases, an oblique view is used for the section drawing to make the diagram easier to understand (Figure 8).

Building paper and strapping installation

2

3

4

5

10MM GAPBETWEENSTRAPPINGANDWINDOW

1. HALF ROLLSTARTER STRIPUNDER

Warranty Provider Accepted

NTS

5

6

7

8

Detail1.4

CLADDING

July 2007

SILL PEEL & STICK

SILL STARTER PAPER

BUG SCREEN

10MM. Min. STRAPPING AS PER 9.27.2.2 @ 400mm O/C Max.PRESSURE TREATED MATERIAL IS RECOMMENDED

VERIFY THAT THE FASTENERS USED ARE SUITABLE FOR THETYPE OF PRESSURE TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED(PARTICULARLY WITH ACQ)

HEAD FLASHINGWITH END DAM

SEAL BUILDING PAPER TO HEADFLASHING AND TO FLANGE OFWINDOW AT JAMB WITHPOLYURETHANE CAULK(or alternate)

STRAPPING MUST BE INSTALLEDOVER STUDS UNLESS SHEATHINGIS A MIN OF 12.5mm THICK(BCBC 9.27.5.1.2)

Figure 8. Oblique view for building paper and strapping insulation

Detail 1.4 in Figure 8 shows sill peel & stick over sill starter paper, but doesn’t provide much detail for how the base of the window is fit to the opening.

Notes



Detail 3.0 in Figure 9 is a more typical section, showing the location of the caulking and flashing requirements. Detail 3.0 also supplies an alternate method for eliminating the trim board flashing if using a 2×6 trim board.

NTSWindow Sill (flanged window with trim)

Warranty Provider Accepted 3.0Detail

TWO LAYERS OFBUILDING PAPER

POLYURETHANE CAULK

CAULK WINDOW FRAME TO P&S

PEEL & STICK MEMBRANE

TRIM BOARD

300MM STARTER PAPER

P.T. STRAPPING AT 400mmO/C Max.

FLASHING ON TOP OF STRAPPING

SEAL POLY (A.B & V.B)TO P&S

July 2007

SEAL POLYHERE

2 X 6 TRIM WITH 25mm MIN.NOTCH IN BOTTOMALTERNATE

EXTERIOR CLADDING

5mm MIN FOR DRIP

IF WINDOW IS NOT SELF FLASHINGA SILL FLASHING IS REQUIRED(BCBC 9.27.3.8.5)

Figure 9. Window Detail 3.0


Notes


110°

75MM

25MM

NTS

D

A - 2 LAYERS BUILDING PAPERB - PT PLYWOOD STRAPPINGC - EXTERIOR CLADDINGD - BUG SCREENE - PRE-FINISHED FLASHINGF - STARTER PAPERG - 2" X 10" TRIMH - PRE-FINISHED FLASHING

A

F

H

E

8.1Detail

July 2007

Through Wall Flashing & Band Board

Warranty Provider Accepted

A

A B C

D

C

A

INSTALL FLASHINGHERE OR NOTCH THEBAND BOARD ASPER ALTERNATEIN DETAIL 3.0

G

10 mm GAP BETWEENCLADDING AND FLASHING

Figure 10. Band board Detail 8.1

Figure 10 is an oblique view that illustrates one acceptable method for installing paper, plywood strapping, and flashing when a band board is used as part of the siding. Band boards are often used to minimize siding problems caused by floor and plate shrinkage.




Self Test 4Reference Figures 2 – 5 when answering questions 1 – 7:

1. How high above the floor level is the concrete block foundation wall on the east side of the building?

2 . What style of door frame is used for the building?

3 . What do the roof leaders (downspouts) drain into or onto?

4. What type of construction is the siding above the 2600 mm level?

5. What is used between the ground and the concrete block foundation wall?

6 . What is the fascia size and what top slope is used?

7 . Figure 6 is drawn to a 1 in 75 scale (1:75). What scales are Figures 4 and 5 drawn to?

Reference Figure 7 when answering questions 8 – 9:

8. What are the “rain penetration control elements” referred to in Figure 7?



9. How many methods are shown for the second plane of protection?

Reference Figures 8 – 10 when answering questions 10 – 12:

10. What is the maximum on-centre spacing for the vertical strapping?

11. What type of fasteners must be used for the vertical strapping?

12. What is required at the bottom of the capillary break when strapping is used?

13. What alternative can be used instead of flashing under sill trim board at the bottom of a window?

14. Why are band boards used?

British Columbia Carpenter Apprenticeship Program · British Columbia Carpenter Apprenticeship...

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