Bringing In Un-BEE lievable Beneficials

Cheryl Frank Sullivan amp Margaret SkinnerUniversity of Vermont ~ Entomology Research Laboratory

VNLA Winter Meeting amp Trade Show

February 7 2019

Beneficial insects provide pollination or pest management services

Some provide both (pest-fighting pollinators) ie many fly species

Beneficials are under stress

Habitat Loss (conversion fragmentation agricultural intensification monocultural production systems)

Climate change (geographical shifts)

Diseases (Parasites Viruses)Disorders (bee colony collapse)

Pesticides (direct contact avoidance of treated crops)

Need strategies to promote their establishment amp provide protection

Balancing Beneficials

We are evaluating the effectiveness habitat hedges to attract beneficial insects to growing areas to support biological control of common greenhouse high tunnel amp nursery pests

Habitat hedges provide a continuous source of pollen nectar attracted prey refuge amp reproduction sites for beneficial insects

Encouraging the establishment of natural enemies of key pests could minimize or eliminate the need for chemical pesticides

We Are Providing Benefits

Established habitat hedges of (mostly native) annual plants (approx 10 x 3ft)

Some harvestable annual habitat plants (to attract consumer attention)

Mix of transplants amp direct seed (to provide floral resources all season)

Visual amp plant tapping surveys for beneficials (primarily those that manage most common pests)

Also examined perennials during bloom periods in display gardens or container stock

Collected data 2x month (May-September)

Year 2 completed will continue for 3 more

Habitat is Happiness

Habitat Hedge Constituents

Indian Blanket

Sweet AlyssumWild Cosmos Blue Cornflower

Zinnia Sunflower Plains CoreopsisMarigold

Royal Carpet Alyssum Lacy Phacelia

Provide a diversity of colors structures (floral shapessizes amp vertical heights) amp bloom periods

Examples

Examples

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Beneficial insects provide pollination or pest management services

Some provide both (pest-fighting pollinators) ie many fly species

Beneficials are under stress

Habitat Loss (conversion fragmentation agricultural intensification monocultural production systems)

Climate change (geographical shifts)

Diseases (Parasites Viruses)Disorders (bee colony collapse)

Pesticides (direct contact avoidance of treated crops)

Need strategies to promote their establishment amp provide protection

Balancing Beneficials

We are evaluating the effectiveness habitat hedges to attract beneficial insects to growing areas to support biological control of common greenhouse high tunnel amp nursery pests

Habitat hedges provide a continuous source of pollen nectar attracted prey refuge amp reproduction sites for beneficial insects

Encouraging the establishment of natural enemies of key pests could minimize or eliminate the need for chemical pesticides

We Are Providing Benefits

Established habitat hedges of (mostly native) annual plants (approx 10 x 3ft)

Some harvestable annual habitat plants (to attract consumer attention)

Mix of transplants amp direct seed (to provide floral resources all season)

Visual amp plant tapping surveys for beneficials (primarily those that manage most common pests)

Also examined perennials during bloom periods in display gardens or container stock

Collected data 2x month (May-September)

Year 2 completed will continue for 3 more

Habitat is Happiness

Habitat Hedge Constituents

Indian Blanket

Sweet AlyssumWild Cosmos Blue Cornflower

Zinnia Sunflower Plains CoreopsisMarigold

Royal Carpet Alyssum Lacy Phacelia

Provide a diversity of colors structures (floral shapessizes amp vertical heights) amp bloom periods

Examples

Examples

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

We are evaluating the effectiveness habitat hedges to attract beneficial insects to growing areas to support biological control of common greenhouse high tunnel amp nursery pests

Habitat hedges provide a continuous source of pollen nectar attracted prey refuge amp reproduction sites for beneficial insects

Encouraging the establishment of natural enemies of key pests could minimize or eliminate the need for chemical pesticides

We Are Providing Benefits

Established habitat hedges of (mostly native) annual plants (approx 10 x 3ft)

Some harvestable annual habitat plants (to attract consumer attention)

Mix of transplants amp direct seed (to provide floral resources all season)

Visual amp plant tapping surveys for beneficials (primarily those that manage most common pests)

Also examined perennials during bloom periods in display gardens or container stock

Collected data 2x month (May-September)

Year 2 completed will continue for 3 more

Habitat is Happiness

Habitat Hedge Constituents

Indian Blanket

Sweet AlyssumWild Cosmos Blue Cornflower

Zinnia Sunflower Plains CoreopsisMarigold

Royal Carpet Alyssum Lacy Phacelia

Provide a diversity of colors structures (floral shapessizes amp vertical heights) amp bloom periods

Examples

Examples

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Established habitat hedges of (mostly native) annual plants (approx 10 x 3ft)

Some harvestable annual habitat plants (to attract consumer attention)

Mix of transplants amp direct seed (to provide floral resources all season)

Visual amp plant tapping surveys for beneficials (primarily those that manage most common pests)

Also examined perennials during bloom periods in display gardens or container stock

Collected data 2x month (May-September)

Year 2 completed will continue for 3 more

Habitat is Happiness

Habitat Hedge Constituents

Indian Blanket

Sweet AlyssumWild Cosmos Blue Cornflower

Zinnia Sunflower Plains CoreopsisMarigold

Royal Carpet Alyssum Lacy Phacelia

Provide a diversity of colors structures (floral shapessizes amp vertical heights) amp bloom periods

Examples

Examples

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Habitat Hedge Constituents

Indian Blanket

Sweet AlyssumWild Cosmos Blue Cornflower

Zinnia Sunflower Plains CoreopsisMarigold

Royal Carpet Alyssum Lacy Phacelia

Provide a diversity of colors structures (floral shapessizes amp vertical heights) amp bloom periods

Examples

Examples

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Examples

Examples

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Examples

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Maintaining Order in the Hedges

30

34

3

25

2

7

Allocation of insect orders present on plants within habitat hedges (357 occurrences during 41 observations over 2 years)

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

A Matter of Preference

Sunflower 24

Zinnia 19

Sweet Alyssum 12

Cosmos 13

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Beneficial Break Down

Large waspshornets (27)

BeesWasps(Hymenoptera)

Bees 83

Small wasps lt05cm (23)

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Cotesia pupae on hornworm (after feeding within)

Trichogramma on moth eggs

Adult parasitic wasps lay eggs withinon) larvae are predatory killing host adults mostly feed on nectars amp some are predatory

Aphidius attacking aphids (wasp pupa in aphid mummies)

Parasitic amp Predatory Hymenoptera

Parasitic Ichneumon Wasp

Hornets amp many wasps consume a variety of insect pests in addition to floral resources

PredatorySyrphids (74)

Flies (Diptera)

ParasiticTachinids (4)

Others (39)

Beneficial Break Down

Second to bees for pollination

Some commercially produced for pollination (Blue Bottle Fly)

Pollinate in wide range of ecosystems (high latitudes elevations)

Some provide pest control services to commercial growers (syrphids tachinids etc)

Provide pollination lsquoinsurancersquo ndash more adaptable to land use changes than bees - use resources from diverse landscape (cover alternative foods etc)

Value as pollinators amp pest managers for many yet to be determined

Pollination Power of Flies

Predatory (Syrphid) amp parasitic (Tachinid) flies

Adults feed on pollen amp nectars larvae of many kill host

Preference for small flowers

Syrphids mimic beeswasps to scare off predators

Is it a fly or a bee

1 pair wings (bees have 2 pairs)

Mostly short bristle-like antennae (bees have long)

Fly Bee

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Syrphid

Tachinid

Basic Syrphid Characteristics

Is it a syrphid

Other than they resemble bees amp have 2 wingshelliphellip

Observe behavior - called lsquohover fliesrsquo or lsquoflower fliesrsquo because of tendency to hover in place around flowers

Great part of wing edge is without veins

Floatingfalse vein in wing (Vena spuria)

In case your really inspired to tell itrsquos a syrphid check out wings

(under magnification)

Not all syrphids have predatory maggots many consume decaying matter

Generally overwinter as immatures in duff layers

Adults emerge in spring amp seek pollen nectar ampor sugary aphid honeydew lsquopooprsquo - need proteins for egg laying amp sugars for flight energy

Adults lay eggs near aphid colonies amp are active April-November

Several generations per year

Flowering plants encourage localized early establishment amp overwintering

Egg

Larvamaggot (3 stages)

Life Cycle(of aphid attackers)

Pupa

Adult

Syrphid Life Cycle

Neoascia sp Toxomerus sp

Eristalis tenax (Drone fly)

Allograpta obliquaSyrphid Diversity

Chrysotoxum sp

Mallota posticata

Melanostoma mellinum

Rat tail maggot

small pests

decaying matter

Yellow jacket mimic

Honey bee mimic

Larvae ground dwelling amp suspected

to prey on ants

Larvae aquatic

Bumble bee mimic

Larvae are internal parasites of caterpillars beetles amp bugs

Eggs laid on (for larvae to burrow into) near (for ingestion) or within hosts

After consuming host larvae burrow out to pupate on ground substrates

Parasitized Japanese Beetle by Tachinid fly on Zinnias (JB

really like zinnias)

Tachinid Life Cycle

Resemble houseflies but have stout bristles

on tips of abdomenPupae

Larva

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Second to bees for pollination

Some commercially produced for pollination (Blue Bottle Fly)

Pollinate in wide range of ecosystems (high latitudes elevations)

Some provide pest control services to commercial growers (syrphids tachinids etc)

Provide pollination lsquoinsurancersquo ndash more adaptable to land use changes than bees - use resources from diverse landscape (cover alternative foods etc)

Value as pollinators amp pest managers for many yet to be determined

Pollination Power of Flies

Predatory (Syrphid) amp parasitic (Tachinid) flies

Adults feed on pollen amp nectars larvae of many kill host

Preference for small flowers

Syrphids mimic beeswasps to scare off predators

Is it a fly or a bee

1 pair wings (bees have 2 pairs)

Mostly short bristle-like antennae (bees have long)

Fly Bee

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Syrphid

Tachinid

Basic Syrphid Characteristics

Is it a syrphid

Other than they resemble bees amp have 2 wingshelliphellip

Observe behavior - called lsquohover fliesrsquo or lsquoflower fliesrsquo because of tendency to hover in place around flowers

Great part of wing edge is without veins

Floatingfalse vein in wing (Vena spuria)

In case your really inspired to tell itrsquos a syrphid check out wings

(under magnification)

Not all syrphids have predatory maggots many consume decaying matter

Generally overwinter as immatures in duff layers

Adults emerge in spring amp seek pollen nectar ampor sugary aphid honeydew lsquopooprsquo - need proteins for egg laying amp sugars for flight energy

Adults lay eggs near aphid colonies amp are active April-November

Several generations per year

Flowering plants encourage localized early establishment amp overwintering

Egg

Larvamaggot (3 stages)

Life Cycle(of aphid attackers)

Pupa

Adult

Syrphid Life Cycle

Neoascia sp Toxomerus sp

Eristalis tenax (Drone fly)

Allograpta obliquaSyrphid Diversity

Chrysotoxum sp

Mallota posticata

Melanostoma mellinum

Rat tail maggot

small pests

decaying matter

Yellow jacket mimic

Honey bee mimic

Larvae ground dwelling amp suspected

to prey on ants

Larvae aquatic

Bumble bee mimic

Larvae are internal parasites of caterpillars beetles amp bugs

Eggs laid on (for larvae to burrow into) near (for ingestion) or within hosts

After consuming host larvae burrow out to pupate on ground substrates

Parasitized Japanese Beetle by Tachinid fly on Zinnias (JB

really like zinnias)

Tachinid Life Cycle

Resemble houseflies but have stout bristles

on tips of abdomenPupae

Larva

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Predatory (Syrphid) amp parasitic (Tachinid) flies

Adults feed on pollen amp nectars larvae of many kill host

Preference for small flowers

Syrphids mimic beeswasps to scare off predators

Is it a fly or a bee

1 pair wings (bees have 2 pairs)

Mostly short bristle-like antennae (bees have long)

Fly Bee

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Syrphid

Tachinid

Basic Syrphid Characteristics

Is it a syrphid

Other than they resemble bees amp have 2 wingshelliphellip

Observe behavior - called lsquohover fliesrsquo or lsquoflower fliesrsquo because of tendency to hover in place around flowers

Great part of wing edge is without veins

Floatingfalse vein in wing (Vena spuria)

In case your really inspired to tell itrsquos a syrphid check out wings

(under magnification)

Not all syrphids have predatory maggots many consume decaying matter

Generally overwinter as immatures in duff layers

Adults emerge in spring amp seek pollen nectar ampor sugary aphid honeydew lsquopooprsquo - need proteins for egg laying amp sugars for flight energy

Adults lay eggs near aphid colonies amp are active April-November

Several generations per year

Flowering plants encourage localized early establishment amp overwintering

Egg

Larvamaggot (3 stages)

Life Cycle(of aphid attackers)

Pupa

Adult

Syrphid Life Cycle

Neoascia sp Toxomerus sp

Eristalis tenax (Drone fly)

Allograpta obliquaSyrphid Diversity

Chrysotoxum sp

Mallota posticata

Melanostoma mellinum

Rat tail maggot

small pests

decaying matter

Yellow jacket mimic

Honey bee mimic

Larvae ground dwelling amp suspected

to prey on ants

Larvae aquatic

Bumble bee mimic

Larvae are internal parasites of caterpillars beetles amp bugs

Eggs laid on (for larvae to burrow into) near (for ingestion) or within hosts

After consuming host larvae burrow out to pupate on ground substrates

Parasitized Japanese Beetle by Tachinid fly on Zinnias (JB

really like zinnias)

Tachinid Life Cycle

Resemble houseflies but have stout bristles

on tips of abdomenPupae

Larva

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Basic Syrphid Characteristics

Is it a syrphid

Other than they resemble bees amp have 2 wingshelliphellip

Observe behavior - called lsquohover fliesrsquo or lsquoflower fliesrsquo because of tendency to hover in place around flowers

Great part of wing edge is without veins

Floatingfalse vein in wing (Vena spuria)

In case your really inspired to tell itrsquos a syrphid check out wings

(under magnification)

Not all syrphids have predatory maggots many consume decaying matter

Generally overwinter as immatures in duff layers

Adults emerge in spring amp seek pollen nectar ampor sugary aphid honeydew lsquopooprsquo - need proteins for egg laying amp sugars for flight energy

Adults lay eggs near aphid colonies amp are active April-November

Several generations per year

Flowering plants encourage localized early establishment amp overwintering

Egg

Larvamaggot (3 stages)

Life Cycle(of aphid attackers)

Pupa

Adult

Syrphid Life Cycle

Neoascia sp Toxomerus sp

Eristalis tenax (Drone fly)

Allograpta obliquaSyrphid Diversity

Chrysotoxum sp

Mallota posticata

Melanostoma mellinum

Rat tail maggot

small pests

decaying matter

Yellow jacket mimic

Honey bee mimic

Larvae ground dwelling amp suspected

to prey on ants

Larvae aquatic

Bumble bee mimic

Larvae are internal parasites of caterpillars beetles amp bugs

Eggs laid on (for larvae to burrow into) near (for ingestion) or within hosts

After consuming host larvae burrow out to pupate on ground substrates

Parasitized Japanese Beetle by Tachinid fly on Zinnias (JB

really like zinnias)

Tachinid Life Cycle

Resemble houseflies but have stout bristles

on tips of abdomenPupae

Larva

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Not all syrphids have predatory maggots many consume decaying matter

Generally overwinter as immatures in duff layers

Adults emerge in spring amp seek pollen nectar ampor sugary aphid honeydew lsquopooprsquo - need proteins for egg laying amp sugars for flight energy

Adults lay eggs near aphid colonies amp are active April-November

Several generations per year

Flowering plants encourage localized early establishment amp overwintering

Egg

Larvamaggot (3 stages)

Life Cycle(of aphid attackers)

Pupa

Adult

Syrphid Life Cycle

Neoascia sp Toxomerus sp

Eristalis tenax (Drone fly)

Allograpta obliquaSyrphid Diversity

Chrysotoxum sp

Mallota posticata

Melanostoma mellinum

Rat tail maggot

small pests

decaying matter

Yellow jacket mimic

Honey bee mimic

Larvae ground dwelling amp suspected

to prey on ants

Larvae aquatic

Bumble bee mimic

Larvae are internal parasites of caterpillars beetles amp bugs

Eggs laid on (for larvae to burrow into) near (for ingestion) or within hosts

After consuming host larvae burrow out to pupate on ground substrates

Parasitized Japanese Beetle by Tachinid fly on Zinnias (JB

really like zinnias)

Tachinid Life Cycle

Resemble houseflies but have stout bristles

on tips of abdomenPupae

Larva

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Neoascia sp Toxomerus sp

Eristalis tenax (Drone fly)

Allograpta obliquaSyrphid Diversity

Chrysotoxum sp

Mallota posticata

Melanostoma mellinum

Rat tail maggot

small pests

decaying matter

Yellow jacket mimic

Honey bee mimic

Larvae ground dwelling amp suspected

to prey on ants

Larvae aquatic

Bumble bee mimic

Larvae are internal parasites of caterpillars beetles amp bugs

Eggs laid on (for larvae to burrow into) near (for ingestion) or within hosts

After consuming host larvae burrow out to pupate on ground substrates

Parasitized Japanese Beetle by Tachinid fly on Zinnias (JB

really like zinnias)

Tachinid Life Cycle

Resemble houseflies but have stout bristles

on tips of abdomenPupae

Larva

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Larvae are internal parasites of caterpillars beetles amp bugs

Eggs laid on (for larvae to burrow into) near (for ingestion) or within hosts

After consuming host larvae burrow out to pupate on ground substrates

Parasitized Japanese Beetle by Tachinid fly on Zinnias (JB

really like zinnias)

Tachinid Life Cycle

Resemble houseflies but have stout bristles

on tips of abdomenPupae

Larva

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Who wants freebies

General Predators of aphids mites thrips

Orius insidiosus (minute pirate bug) (60 of bugs that were present)

Lady Beetle spp (42 of beetles)

Both commercially available

~$188 for ~ 2000 Orius insidiosus(20100ftsup2)

~$5000 for ~9000 Lady Beetle (Hippodamia convergens) (500 per 100 ftsup2)

~$20 plus for shipping

Natural Enemies of Particular Interest

Orius adult

Thrips adult

Orius adult eating aphid

Lady beetle adult (above) amp larva (below) eating aphids

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

What Else Did We See

Jagged Ambush Bugs

Predatory Thrips Yes some thrips are good thripsBanded thrips

Soldier Beetles

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Established a link between educators farm managers amp students from a local academy that assisted with

planting of habitat hedges amp data collection

Project Highlights

Produced consumer awareness signs amp brochure to educate about importance of

habitat for all pollinators

Provided training sessions for Korean amp Lebanese graduate students on attracting

amp sustaining natural enemies

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Examine diversity amp identify species within habitat hedge (pan trapping ground level vs elevated canopy)

Future Plans

Focus on perennials observed to be attractive (Coreopsis verticillata Culverrsquos root Yarrow Astrantia)

Incorporate other annuals into hedges observed to have high activity (Verbena bonariensis Ageratum)

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Provide a diversity of habitat plantings for beneficials with different floral shapes amp sizes that bloom all season long

Boost pollination amp receive free pest management with less chemical pesticides

Protect pollinators from direct pesticide exposure if you need to treat

Treat plants when least attractive (or are most unattractive to beneficials)

Long before bloom time with systemics

Early or late in day (when bees not foraging)

Select least toxic chemistries

Read directions amp apply at correct rates

Bee-lieve in the Cause

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Attracting Beneficial Insects with Native Flowering Plants httpwwwcanrmsuedunativeplantsuploadsfilesE2973pdf

Beneficial Insects National Pesticide Information Center httpnpicorsteduenvirbeneficialindexhtml

Beneficial Insects in NH Farms amp Gardens (UNH) httpsextensionunheduresourcesfilesResource000499_Rep521pdf

Creating Gardens for Pollinators httpsprotectingbeesnjaesrutgersedu

Field Guide to the Syrphidae of Northeastern North America httpwwwcanacollorgDipteraStaffSkevingtonSyrphidaeSyrphidaehtmGeneral

Flower Flies (Syrphidae) and Other Biological Control Agents for Aphids in Vegetable Crops httpanrcatalogucanredupdf8285pdf

Grow Wise Bee Smart ndash Best Management Practices for Bee Health in the Horticultural Industry httpgrowwiseorgwp-contentuploads201701HRI-Pollinator-BMPs-January2017pdf

NRCS Planting Guides for Native Pollinators httpswwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailplantmaterialstechnicalpublicationscid=stelprdb1044847

Pesticides amp Pollinators Greenhouse Production Perspective httpwwwmapyourshowcommys_sharedcultivate17handoutsRaymondCloydPresentationPesticidesandPollinatorsGreenhouseProductionPerspectiveJuly15201720[Compatibility20Mode]pdf

Pollinator-Friendly Plants for the Northeast United Stateshttpagriculturevermontgovsitesagfilespdfapiarywildflower20picture20guide20and20infopdf

Pollinators Neonicotinoids and Greenhouse Production httpsagumassedugreenhouse-floriculturefact-sheetspollinators-neonicotinoids-greenhouse-production

Protecting Bees and Other Pollinators from Pesticides (EPA) httpswwwepagovpollinator-protection

Selecting Plants for Pollinators (Northeast) httppollinatororgPDFsAdirondackrx2pdf

Xerces Society Northeast Region httpxercesorgpollinators-northeast-region

Beneficial Insect Resources

Questions

copy 2019 University of Vermont Entomology Research Laboratory

This information is based on work supported by Green Works VT (The Vermont Nursery amp Landscape Association) amp the Univ of Vermont Extension System and National Institute of Food amp Agriculture US Dept of Agriculture Extension IPM Program Any opinions findings conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect

the view of the funding organization For educational purposes Images may be subject to copyrights Not for reproduction without permission from the authors

Participating GrowersAllen Brorsquos Farm

Claussenrsquos Florist amp Greenhouses

Full Circle Gardens

Paquette Full of Posies

Red Wagon Plants

Sam Mazzarsquos

The Hildene

httpswwwuvmedu~entlab

Interested in participating in this study this summer Please contact me

Cheryl Frank SullivanUniversity of Vermont

Entomology Research Laboratory

661 Spear Street

Burlington VT 05405

Ph 802-656-5434

Email cfrankuvmedu

Thank YOU