Brief Response: Did the framers of the US Constitution have to use “separation of powers” when...
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Brief Response: Did the framers of the US Constitution have to use “separation of powers” when designing the
government in the constitution?
• No, they could have trusted all the powers to the Congress which had many representatives from many different parts of the country.
• Yes, one person or a big group could take control of the government without the other two branches able to point out abuse or unfairness.
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French Society Collapses
p. 108
France
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Why France?
• The French government was collapsing under a weak monarchy, corruption, the Church and nobles not paying their taxes, huge debts from wars and luxurious living.
• France’ poor were ignored and struggling to survive in the face of famines and rising food prices.
• Enlightenment ideas were spreading• News of the American’s success in changing their
government encouraged many to take action.
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Ancien Regime:
• the old government of France before the French Revolution
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Estate: C
• French social class. Each class had a vote in the French legislature.
• EC: ID each class and its make up. (6)– First Estate: clergy (Church) 1% of
population– Second Estate: Nobles 1-2% of the
population– Third Estate: bourgeoisie and peasantry: 98-
97% of population
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Bourgeoisie: C
• The “middle class”
• Mostly business people and professionals (doctors, lawyers, journalists, educators).– The middle class had the education,
intelligence, and ability to run a country. – They made France wealthy and were taxed
heavily for it. – They were angry that the nobles and the
Church were not paying taxes.
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France is Broke C
Deficit spending: • A government spends more money than it
collects in taxes.• For over a hundred years, the French monarchy had
been losing much of its treasury to:– Wars– Lavish life of the monarch– Allowing the rich and the Church to not pay taxes.
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Louis XVI:
• Weak king, • saw the need to raise taxes to deal with
French deficit spending. • Lived at Versailles Palace)
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The King’s Man
• Jacques Necker: – Clever financial minister chosen by Louis XVI. He
advised the following economic policy to solve the bad economic problems:
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Estates-General: C
• The legislature of the French Ancien Regime. • It only met when called by the king.
– French monarchs rarely called meetings because they feared it would become powerful like the English Parliament.
• Louis XVI had to call a meeting of the Estates General to deal with the terrible economic issues facing France, – He invited all the estates to speak freely…..
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Cahier:
• A list of grievances (complaints). Each estate was invited by Louis XVI to bring a cahier in for discussion.
• The goal was economic and/or social improvement.
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Tennis Court Oath:
• The Third Estate walked out of the Estates General meeting.
• They found a meeting location in a Paris tennis court. – They vowed to form a more democratic government
that included all the classes of men.
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Bastille:
• Hearing that the king was coming with an armed force, panicked Parisians stormed this prison/armory for weapons to prepare to meet the king’s troops.
• Bastille Day is the symbolic beginning of the French Revolution, – ending talk, starting violence. – EC: When do French celebrate Bastille Day?– July 14.
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Hwk, Notes
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p. 109, analyzing political cartoons
• 1.• The Third Estates is shown as a man who is shaking off
the chains (representing taxes and restrictions imposed by the First and Second Estates
• Because the cartoonist wanted to show the third estate rising up to demand change.– The Third Estates will do it violently, if necessary -- weapons on
the ground.
• 2.• Taxes, money, land, privileges, and jobs available to
only a few.
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p. 110, Thinking Critically
• 1.
• It wanted to gain political power and recognition
• 2.
• Its members were paying high taxes and dealing with unjust restrictions.
• They did not have any representation in the government.
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Standards Check, p. 111
• Question:
• First Estate = clergy
• Second Estate = nobles
• Third Estate = the majority of the population (bourgeoisie and the lower class
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Standards Check, p. 111
• Question:
• large national debt
• Soaring food prices
• Mass starvation among lower class which led to unrest…..
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Primary Source, p. 111
• The nobles were wealthy and treated the poor badly, almost like slaves or nothing at all.
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p. 112, image The Oath is Taken,
• Question:
• It showed the Third Estate’s commitment to creating a constitution
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Standards Check, p. 113:
• Question:
• They declared themselves the “National Assembly, representing the people of France.
• The took the “Tennis Court Oath”
• Swore to create a constitution
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Standards Check, p. 113:
• Question:
• The people’s rage demonstrated a new sense of empowerment.
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Brief Response
• How did the Enlightenment lead to the American and French Revolutions?