Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide

CSCW Seminar 2007, March 27, 2007

Bridging the Paper-Digital DivideCSCW Seminar

Beat Signer

Global Information Systems Research Group

ETH Zurich

http://vub.academia.edu/BeatSigner

CSCW Seminar 2007, March 27, 2007 Beat Signer, [email protected]

Lecture Schedule

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Student Projects

Basic technologies and infrastructure

iGesture recognition framework (www.igesture.org)

integration of different tracking technologies

iServer resource plug-ins, …

Paper-based applications

PaperPoint, paper-based interface to digital

agenda/todo list (e.g. Outlook), paper-digital

notebook, paper-digital photo album, …

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We offer Master and Semester projects and are also looking for Hilfsassistenten

CSCW Seminar 2007, March 27, 2007 Beat Signer, [email protected] 4

The Paperless Office (1975)


The "Paperless Office" (2003)


Worldwide Paper Consumption

Per capita consumption

of paper and board by

region, 1989 and 1999

Source: The Paper

Federation of Great

Britain, Nov 2000


The Myth of the Paperless Office

For decades, people have predicted the

office of the future as a paperless office

documents generated, published and

distributed electronically

documents read electronically

What has happened to this

imminent revolution?


Affordances of Paper

The physical properties of an object determine

how people use that object

Properties of paper

light, flexible, robust, porous, opaque, transparent, ….

Human actions

grasping, folding, tearing, carrying, writing, on ….

Paper supports forms of collaboration and

interaction difficult to mimic in the digital world


Working Together with Paper


Spatial Layout of Documents


The History of Paper

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3000 BC

papyrus produced in Egypt

AD 105

paper invented in China (wood pulp)

610

paper imported to Japan


The History of Paper …

1120

arab traders bring paper to Europe

first paper mill in europe (Spain)

1440

Johannes Gutenberg develops the printing press

increasing demand for paper

19th century

paper gets cheaper (new paper making machines)

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Paper and Digital Media

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Paper Digital Media

readability interactivity

portability dynamic presentation

cheap search functionality

flicking through pages easy to update

multiple documents with spatial order typsetting systems

persistency fast distribution

privacy/security storing large amounts of data

… …


"As We May Think" (1945)

Vannevar Bush

The Atlantic Monthly

July 1945

memex (memory extender)


Integrating Paper and Digital Media

Complementary character of paper and digital

information

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Time has only confirmed this early indication of paper’s importance

in the digital office. While other print technologies have come to

compete with it, laser printer sales have increased twelve-fold in the

past decade. If the digital office from PARC to the present is anything

to go by, bits and atoms, the digital and the material, don’t seem so

much in opposition as in tandem. Despite confident claims that their

only relationship is one of replacement and dismissal, the two look

much more like complementary resources.

The Social Life of Information, Brown and Duguid, 2002


Augmenting the Physical Space

Embedding computing functionality in everyday

objects instead of digitising the physical

environment

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At breakfast Sal reads the news. She still prefers the paper form, as do

most people. She spots an interesting quote from a columnist in the

business section. She wipes her pen over the newspaper’s name, date,

section, and page number and then circles the quote. The pen sends a

message to the paper, which transmits the quote to her office.

The Computer for the 21st Century, Weiser, 1991


Paper-Digital Integration Technologies

Document (object) identification / tracking

barcodes

RFID tags

optical tracking

…

Within-document position tracking

relative/absolute positions

support for mobility

…

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Paper-Digital Integration Technologies …

Writing capture

optical approaches (e.g. scanner)

position tracking

…

Within-document information encoding

positional information

arbitrary digital information (e.g. sound clips)

…

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Paper-Digital Integration Technologies …

Electronic paper

electronic ink (E-ink)

electrochromic displays (e.g. from Acreo)

electrowetting

…

E-books

Sony LIBRIé eBook reader (based on E-ink)

…

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Augmented Paper Applications

Reading

links to additional digital information and services

digital links between paper documents

…

Writing

enhanced paper-based notebooks (e.g. with audio

capture)

paper-based form filling (e.g. FAS, Hewlett Packard)

…

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Augmented Paper Applications …

Annotation

proofreading of documents

annotation of research papers

…

Paper-based user interfaces

Palette and PaperPoint

Video Mosaic

…

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Cross-Media Publishing

BBC Blue Planet series

television series

- available on video/DVD

book

web site

- fact files- quizzes- games

Open University course book and CD

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Digital/Physical Document Lifecycle

Multiple digital/physical editing iteration cycles

Digital and paper-based user interface

Support for collaborative editing

Digital Document

Printed Document


Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide

Many projects focus on the input device, paper,

printing and other hardware technologies rather

than on the data integration and information

management aspects isolated solutions

The linking of paper tends to be based on

physical rather than logical concepts not easy

to change to another input device technology

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Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide …

"The key to a highly integrated interactive paper

solution lies in the introduction of a platform for

general cross-media information management

introducing fundamental link concepts in

combination with other database functionality"

Support all possible types of links between

paper and digital media

paper-to-digital, digital-to-paper, digital-to-digital and

paper-to-paper

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Palette

Control of electronic slide-shows by manipulating

physical cards

Nelson et al.


FieldMouse (Absolute Mouse)

Combination of an ID recognizer (e.g. barcode reader)

and a mouse detecting relative movement of the device

Used in IconStickers, Scroll Browser and Active Book

projectsTamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan


Active Book

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DigitalDesk

"Instead of making the workstation more like a desk,

make the desk more like a workstation"

Wellner, EuroPARC


Listen Reader

Combines the look and feel of a real book with an

interactive soundtrack

Electric field sensors in the book binding

RFID tags embedded in each page


Quicktionary


Datasound Strip-Reader

Two-dimensional matrix code

Digital information (sound, text, images, etc.) can be

encoded in strips

Datasound strip


Electronic Paper

TOPPAN wall-sized electronic

paper display, Expo 2005, Japan Citizen curved watch

Sony LIBRIé eBook Reader


Video Mosaic

Use paper storyboards to control an on-line video editing

system

Based on the EVA system developed at MIT

Mackay and Pagani


LeapPad

"Magic pen" uncovers the sounds and words on the page


FLY Pentop Computer

Everything integrated into

the pen

Voice feedback

Applications on cartridges

english to spanish translator

calculator (draw interface)

...


Tourists and Maps

Previsit

activity planning

layout and social zones of city

Visit

locator, proximity, navigation and event tasks

Postvisit

share experience with family and friends


Edinburgh Fringe Festival

World's largest

international arts festival

4 weeks

~1700 events

~27000 performances


EdFest Components


EdFest Booklet


EdFest User Trials


References

Fundamental Concepts for Interactive Paper and

Cross-Media Information Spaces, B. Signer,

Diss ETH Zurich Nr. 16218, 2006

The Myth of the Paperless Office, A.J. Sellen

and R. Harper, MIT Press, November 2001

Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext and the

Remediation of Print, J.D. Bolter, Second

Edition, 2001

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References …

Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents

in the Digital Age, D.M. Levy, Arcade Publishing,

October 2001

How to Read a Book, M.J. Adler and C. Van

Doren, Revised Edition, Simon and Schuster,

New York, 1972

As We May Think, V. Bush, Atlantic Monthly,

July 1945

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Next Lecture

May 8, Technologies I : Augmented Paper

Document Tracking, Mario Deuss

Within-Document Information Encoding, Philip Stutz

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Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide

Technology

Transcript of Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide