Bridging the Information Divide Victor Bahl Senior Researcher Manager, Networking Group Microsoft...

Bridging the Information Bridging the Information DivideDivide

Victor BahlVictor BahlSenior ResearcherSenior ResearcherManager, Networking GroupManager, Networking GroupMicrosoft ResearchMicrosoft Research

January 2005January 2005

Victor BahlVictor Bahl

3+ billion 3+ billion people…people…

Pay a “poverty Pay a “poverty premium” for basic premium” for basic goods and servicesgoods and services

Have little access to Have little access to important amenitiesimportant amenities

Make livelihood Make livelihood decisions with decisions with incomplete incomplete informationinformation


The Real Digital DivideThe EconomistMar 10th 2005

Technology alone is not the Technology alone is not the answer…answer…

Deeper socio-economic issues have to be addressedDeeper socio-economic issues have to be addressed

However technology can help….However technology can help….


Remarks by Secretary General Kofi Annan Remarks by Secretary General Kofi Annan ((Opening ceremony of the World Electronic Media Opening ceremony of the World Electronic Media

Forum)Forum) December 9, 2003December 9, 2003

““The goal is an information society – open and The goal is an information society – open and inclusive – in which knowledge empowers all inclusive – in which knowledge empowers all people, and serves the cause of improving human people, and serves the cause of improving human condition”condition”

““All over the developing world, as antennas and All over the developing world, as antennas and satellite dishes sprout across the landscape - we satellite dishes sprout across the landscape - we can see the immense thirst for connection. Let us can see the immense thirst for connection. Let us show that we are listening.”show that we are listening.”


VSAT for kiosk in Kodia, Madhya Pradesh

n-Logue corDECT wireless tower

Thirst for Connection…


Thirst for Connection…Thirst for Connection…

Driven byDriven bye-governance, telemedicine, e-e-governance, telemedicine, e-learning, LRIS (Land record learning, LRIS (Land record Information System)Information System)

Projects, Projects, Business India, Jan. 3, 2005Business India, Jan. 3, 2005

Project AkshayaProject Akshaya in Kerala in Kerala Project BhoomiProject Bhoomi in Karnataka in Karnataka

Project SaritaProject Sarita in Maharashtra in Maharashtra

Project Bhu-LekhProject Bhu-Lekh in Haryana in Haryana

Project Apna KhataProject Apna Khata in Rajastan in Rajastan

Project Tamil NilanProject Tamil Nilan in Tamil in Tamil NaduNadu

Project Rajiv Internet Village Project Rajiv Internet Village ProjectProject

(Planned) 6000 centers up to (Planned) 6000 centers up to 22,000 panchayat22,000 panchayat

In developing In developing countries……countries……



New Orleans launches free Wi-Fi service, Associated Press, November 30, 2005 “Biggest such effort by a major city yet”

San Francisco Keeps Pushing City Wide WiFi, CNET News.com, August 17, 2005“San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom wants to make Wi-Fi coverage in the city as ubiquitous as the fog that blankets its neighborhoods.”

Wi-Fi Hits the Hinterlands, , BusinessWeek Online, July 5, 2004BusinessWeek Online, July 5, 2004 ““Who needs DSL or cable? New “mesh” technology is turning entire small towns into Who needs DSL or cable? New “mesh” technology is turning entire small towns into

broadband hot spots” broadband hot spots” Rio Rancho N.M., population 60,000, 500 routers covering 103 miles2

NYC wireless network will be unprecedented, , Computerworld, June Computerworld, June 18, 200418, 2004

“New York City plans to build a public safety wireless network of unprecedented scale and scope, with a capacity to provide tens of thousands of mobile users”

Rural Areas need Internet too! Newsweek, June 7, 2004 IssueNewsweek, June 7, 2004 Issue “EZ Wireless built the country's largest regional wireless broadband network, a 600-square-

mile Wi-Fi blanket, and activated it this February” Hermiston, Oregon, population 13,200, 35 routers with 75 antennas covering 600 miles2

Mesh Casts Its Net, , Unstrung, January 23, 2004Unstrung, January 23, 2004 ““Providing 57 milesProviding 57 miles22 of wireless coverage for public safety personnel in Garland Texas” of wireless coverage for public safety personnel in Garland Texas”

In United States……In United States……


Thirst for connection…Thirst for connection…

PCCW takes Wireless Broadband to London, PCCW takes Wireless Broadband to London, The Register, September 2, The Register, September 2, 20052005““Prices for the service in UK start from £10 / month for 256 Kbps to £18 /month for 1 Prices for the service in UK start from £10 / month for 256 Kbps to £18 /month for 1

Mbps”Mbps”

Anacapa and Firetide Bring Free Wireless Internet to La Semaine Italienne in Anacapa and Firetide Bring Free Wireless Internet to La Semaine Italienne in Paris, France , Paris, France , Business Wire, 24 May, 2005Business Wire, 24 May, 2005

Bell Canada and Nortel Networks launch Project Chapleau, [designed to Bell Canada and Nortel Networks launch Project Chapleau, [designed to evaluate broadband in rural Canada], evaluate broadband in rural Canada], Optical Networks Daily, 18 July 2005Optical Networks Daily, 18 July 2005

Nationwide Wi-Fi for Macedonia, Nationwide Wi-Fi for Macedonia, Wi-Fi Planet,Wi-Fi Planet, 18 Nov. 18, 200518 Nov. 18, 2005 ……

Around the world… Around the world…


Source: Leitchman Research Group

% of housholds with BWA as F (income)

40%

29%

15%

51%

70%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

< $35K $35K-$50K $50K-$75K $75K-$100K > $100K

Income

No

On

lin

e

“Residential broadband access is an under developed technology that has the potential for profound positive effect on people’s lives and Nation’s economy”

Residential Broadband Revisited, NSFResidential Broadband Revisited, NSF Report, October 23, 2003Report, October 23, 2003


Services in Rural AreasServices in Rural Areas(Determined by repeated visits to villages)(Determined by repeated visits to villages)

E-agricultureE-agriculture

E-governmentE-government

Computer trainingComputer training

TelemedicineTelemedicine

VoIP, chat, e-mailVoIP, chat, e-mail

Etc.Etc.

Kentaro Toyama :: Karishma KiriKentaro Toyama :: Karishma Kiri


Services in Urban AreasServices in Urban Areas(Determined from focus group studies)(Determined from focus group studies)

Inexpensive broadband Internet

Sharing info on goods, services, A/V,…

Gaming

Medical & emergency response

VoIP, chat, email

Security (e.g. neighborhood video surveillance)

Internet use increased social contact, public participation and size of social network. (social capital - access to people, information and resources)

Prof. Keith N. Hampton, Sloan School, MIT (author of “Netville Neighborhood Study”)URL: URL: http://www.asanet.org/media/neville.html

Alexander PopoffAlexander Popoff


Design ConstraintsDesign Constraints

Technology must be:Technology must be:inexpensive, possibly free for end-usersinexpensive, possibly free for end-users

easy to setup & deployeasy to setup & deploy

require minimal ramp up time & easy to userequire minimal ramp up time & easy to use

robust, handle failures (power-cuts, dust, heat, robust, handle failures (power-cuts, dust, heat, etc.) etc.)

self-managing – require minimal human self-managing – require minimal human interventionintervention


Connectivity Option I – Connectivity Option I – Wire the Last MileWire the Last Mile

Scale & legacy make first mile expensiveScale & legacy make first mile expensive

~ 135 million housing units in the US (U.S. Census Bureau ~ 135 million housing units in the US (U.S. Census Bureau 2001)2001)• POTS (legacy) network designed for voice & built over 60 POTS (legacy) network designed for voice & built over 60

yearsyears• Cable TV networks built over last 25 yearsCable TV networks built over last 25 years

The Truck Roll Problem: The Truck Roll Problem: Touching each home incurs cost: Touching each home incurs cost: customer capital equipment; installation & servicing; central customer capital equipment; installation & servicing; central office equipment improvements; unfriendly terrain; political office equipment improvements; unfriendly terrain; political implications etc..implications etc..

In our estimate building an alternate, physical last mile replacement to hit 80% of US homes will take 19 years and cost ~ US $60-120 billion

Internet Backbone

Middle Mile Last / First Mile

Ian FerrellIan Ferrell


Connectivity Option 2 Connectivity Option 2 – Wireless Last Mile– Wireless Last Mile

< $2 Billion for 80% of the homes in US< $2 Billion for 80% of the homes in US

Readily available & inexpensiveReadily available & inexpensive802.11 hardware or some version of it802.11 hardware or some version of it

Low deployment costLow deployment costDecentralized ownership & maintenance

Trivial setup & small hardwareTrivial setup & small hardwareIntegrates easily indoors & outdoorsIntegrates easily indoors & outdoors

FlexibleFlexibleDeployable In difficult terrain, both urban or remote


Connectivity option: Wireless Connectivity option: Wireless MeshMesh

Classic Hub & Spoke NetworkMesh Network

Ad hoc multi-hop wireless network (with static topology)Ad hoc multi-hop wireless network (with static topology)

Grows “organically”Grows “organically”

Does not require any infrastructureDoes not require any infrastructure

Provides high overall capacityProvides high overall capacity

Robust & Fault tolerantRobust & Fault tolerant

No centralized management, administration No centralized management, administration necessarynecessary

Empowers the individualEmpowers the individual


Community Mesh Community Mesh NetworksNetworks

Organic – Participants own the Organic – Participants own the equipment and the Networkequipment and the Network

Venice TeamVenice Team


Architectural OptionsArchitectural Options

Poletop Radio

Internet

UNIVERSITY

SkyPilot, Flarion, Motorola (Canopy) Invisible Networks, RoamAD, Vivato, Arraycomm, Malibu Networks, BeamReach Networks, NextNet Wireless, Navini Networks, etc.

Motorola (Meshnetworks Inc).,Radiant Networks, Invisible Networks, FHP, Green Packet Inc., LocustWorld, etc.

Infrastructure Based Infrastructure-less

Architecture effects design decisions onCapacity management, fairness, addressing & routing, mobility management, energy management, service levels, integration with the Internet, etc.

Internet

Gas Station

Bus Stop

Mesh Router 2

End Device (Guest to Router 1)

Mesh Router 1

Mesh End Device

EXIT

Any StreetMesh Zone

Mesh Router 3

(Internet TAP)

Mesh Router 5

Mesh Router 7

90

101

206


Deployment ScenariosDeployment Scenarios

March 2005, Source: Unstrung InsiderMarch 2005, Source: Unstrung Insider


Related WorkRelated WorkThe CITRIS TIER Project (UC Berkeley, USA)The CITRIS TIER Project (UC Berkeley, USA)

Technology and Infrastructure for emerging regionsTechnology and Infrastructure for emerging regionsRichard Newton, Drew Issacs, Eric Brewer, Tom KalilRichard Newton, Drew Issacs, Eric Brewer, Tom Kalilhttp://tier.cs.berkeley.edu/http://tier.cs.berkeley.edu/

The Digital Gangetic Plains Project (IIT Kanpur, India)The Digital Gangetic Plains Project (IIT Kanpur, India)802.11-based low-cost Networking for Rural India802.11-based low-cost Networking for Rural India

Bhaskaran Raman, Dheeraj Sanghi, A.R. Harish, Mohan K. Bhaskaran Raman, Dheeraj Sanghi, A.R. Harish, Mohan K. Mishra, Mishra, Anish Bhatia, A.K. Singh, Ram Chandra PrajapatiAnish Bhatia, A.K. Singh, Ram Chandra Prajapati

http://www.iitk.ac.in/mladgphttp://www.iitk.ac.in/mladgp

The Roofnet Project (MIT, USA)The Roofnet Project (MIT, USA)802.11 mesh network for broadband IA in cities802.11 mesh network for broadband IA in cities

Dan Aguayo, John Bicket, Sanjit Biswas, Robert MorrisDan Aguayo, John Bicket, Sanjit Biswas, Robert Morrishttp://pdos.csail.mit.edu/roofnet/doku.phphttp://pdos.csail.mit.edu/roofnet/doku.php

The TAPs Project (Rice University, USA)The TAPs Project (Rice University, USA)Wireless broadband to residential and public placesWireless broadband to residential and public places

Edward Knightly, Behnaam Aazhang, J. Patrick Frantz, Edward Knightly, Behnaam Aazhang, J. Patrick Frantz, David Johnson, David Johnson, Ashu SabarwalAshu Sabarwal

http://taps.rice.edu/index.htmlhttp://taps.rice.edu/index.html


Some Relevant StandardsSome Relevant StandardsIETF MANETIETF MANET

Layer 3 protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksLayer 3 protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

IEEE 802.11sIEEE 802.11sExtended Service Set for Mesh NetworkingExtended Service Set for Mesh Networking

IEEE 802.16IEEE 802.16Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area NetworksBroadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks

IEEE 802.20IEEE 802.20Mobile Broadband Wireless Access for business & residential Mobile Broadband Wireless Access for business & residential marketsmarkets

IEEE 802.22IEEE 802.22Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRANs)Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRANs)

OBANOBANBroadband Coverage in Urban Area (European effort)Broadband Coverage in Urban Area (European effort)


Wireless MeshesWireless Meshes


Many ChallengesMany ChallengesDeploymentDeployment

““Real-world” study with real traffic traces, usage patterns and Real-world” study with real traffic traces, usage patterns and failure /performance logsfailure /performance logs

Self Healing & Management Self Healing & Management

Minimal human intervention - avoid network operatorMinimal human intervention - avoid network operator

Mechanisms for data cleaning, anomaly detection & liar Mechanisms for data cleaning, anomaly detection & liar detectiondetection

Automatic tools for what-if analysis for optimal operationAutomatic tools for what-if analysis for optimal operation

Pleasant, hassle-free user experience (zero-configuration Pleasant, hassle-free user experience (zero-configuration setup)setup)

Smart Spectrum UtilizationSmart Spectrum UtilizationSpectrum Policy - etiquettes and/or rules with technical inputSpectrum Policy - etiquettes and/or rules with technical inputSpectrum LeasingSpectrum LeasingCognitive software & applicationsCognitive software & applicationsAgile radios, cognitive radios, 60 GHz radio, underlay Agile radios, cognitive radios, 60 GHz radio, underlay technologiestechnologies


PowerPower

Battery capacity doubles in energy density every 35 years [Pow95]Battery capacity doubles in energy density every 35 years [Pow95]

Security, Privacy, and FairnessSecurity, Privacy, and Fairness

Guarding against malicious usersGuarding against malicious users

Priority for VoIP and time-sensitive dataPriority for VoIP and time-sensitive data

Connectivity, Range, Scale, and CapacityConnectivity, Range, Scale, and Capacity

Inexpensive electronically steerable directional antenna and/or MIMOInexpensive electronically steerable directional antenna and/or MIMO

Multi-frequency meshes & multi-radio / multi-channel hardware Multi-frequency meshes & multi-radio / multi-channel hardware

Data channel MAC with Interference management for higher Data channel MAC with Interference management for higher throughputthroughput

Analytical ToolsAnalytical ToolsInformation theoretic tools that predict network viability & Information theoretic tools that predict network viability & performance with practical constraints, based on experimental dataperformance with practical constraints, based on experimental data

Many Challenges (cont.)Many Challenges (cont.)


Research Community Research Community AssetsAssets

Videos, Presentations, Notes etc.Videos, Presentations, Notes etc.http://research.microsoft.com/meshsummit/

Data Channel RadioMiniport Driver

Control Channel Radio

Miniport driver

Mesh Routing Functionality

Mesh Management Module

TCP / IP

Mesh Connectivity Layer(MCL)

Multi-hop Routing/Bridging Radio Selection Metric

Topology Control

Link Monitor Module

Mesh Box Configuration

SECURITY

Diagnostics Kernel Module

Diagnostics Client and Server DLLs

Software, Papers, PresentationsSoftware, Papers, Presentationshttp://research.microsoft.com/mesh/

http://research.microsoft.com/events/smnsummit/


Academic Resource Kit 2005Academic Resource Kit 2005

[email protected]

Prof. Sivaram Murthy, IIT, Chennai, IndiaHybrid wireless mesh for rural communities

Prof. Sanjiva Prasad, IIT, New Delhi, India Async. messaging in Wireless network

Prof. Lili Qiu, University of Texas AustinResilience in wireless mesh Networks

Prof. William Arbaugh, University of MarylandSecurity and Privacy in wireless meshes

Prof. Suman Banerjee, University of WisconsinQuality of service in wireless meshes

Prof. Dan Rubenstein, Columbia UniversityChannelization and routing

Prof. Richard Newton, UC BerkeleyThe TIER Project

MS ERP has budgeted $1.2 million for research funding in FY06 under their Digital Inclusion Initiative

http://research.microsoft.com/netres/kit/


Requests for Academic Resource KitRequests for Academic Resource Kit (as of (as of 8/12)8/12)

Anna University, Chennai, Anna University, Chennai, IndiaIndiaArizona State University,AZArizona State University,AZAuburn University, ALAuburn University, ALColumbia University, NYColumbia University, NYDartmouth College , NHDartmouth College , NHDeVry University, Kansas CityDeVry University, Kansas CityFlorida State University, FLFlorida State University, FLGdansk University of Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, PolandPolandGwangju Institute of Sci&Tech, Gwangju Institute of Sci&Tech, KoreaKoreaHogschool Gent, Hogschool Gent, BelgiumBelgiumHuazhong University, Huazhong University, ChinaChinaIndian Institute of Science Bangalore, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, IndiaIndiaInstitute of Compute Technology, Institute of Compute Technology, ChinaChinaIowa State University Ames, IAIowa State University Ames, IAIqra University, Iqra University, Pakistan Pakistan Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. NetherlandsNetherlandsNational Chung Hsing University, National Chung Hsing University, TaiwanTaiwanNational Institute of Technology Karnataka, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, IndiaIndiaNational University of National University of SingaporeSingaporeNew Mexico State University, NMNew Mexico State University, NMOhio State University, OHOhio State University, OHRice University, TXRice University, TXRutgers University, NJRutgers University, NJRyerson University Toronto, Ryerson University Toronto, CanadaCanadaSaint-Hyacinthe College, Quebec, Saint-Hyacinthe College, Quebec, CanadaCanadaSogang University, Sogang University, KoreaKoreaStanford University, CAStanford University, CA

Syracuse University, NYSyracuse University, NYTechnology University of Tswane, Technology University of Tswane, South AfricaSouth AfricaTsinghua University, Beijing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaChinaUniv. of Applied Sciences of Southern Univ. of Applied Sciences of Southern SwitzerlandSwitzerlandUniversity of Victoria, University of Victoria, CanadaCanadaUniversity of Texas at San Antonio, TXUniversity of Texas at San Antonio, TXUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteUniversity of California Berkeley, CAUniversity of California Berkeley, CAUniversity of California San Diego, CAUniversity of California San Diego, CAUniversity of California Irvine, CAUniversity of California Irvine, CAUniversity of Cincinnati, OHUniversity of Cincinnati, OHUniversity of Concordia, University of Concordia, CanadaCanadaUniversidade Federal Fluminente, Universidade Federal Fluminente, BrazilBrazilUniv. Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Univ. Federal Fluminense Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Brazil University of Hawaii, HIUniversity of Hawaii, HIUniversity of Maryland, MDUniversity of Maryland, MDUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst, MAUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst, MAUniversity of New South Wales Sydney, University of New South Wales Sydney, AustraliaAustraliaUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NCUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NCUniversity of South Florida, FLUniversity of South Florida, FLUniversity of Southern California, CA University of Southern California, CA University of Texas Austin, TXUniversity of Texas Austin, TXUniversity of Utah, UTUniversity of Utah, UTUniversity of Waterloo, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo, CanadaUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, WIUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, WIVirginia Tech, VAVirginia Tech, VAWyzsza Szkola Informatyki w Lodzi, Wyzsza Szkola Informatyki w Lodzi, PolandPoland

http://research.microsoft.com/netres/kit/


Broadband WiFi DebateBroadband WiFi Debate

ProponentsProponents• Local and state government should provide WiFi Local and state government should provide WiFi

access free everywhereaccess free everywhere• Propel the country into yhr broadband agePropel the country into yhr broadband age

– Lower cost, faster deployment (specially in rural areas)Lower cost, faster deployment (specially in rural areas)– Stimulate competition by raising service standardsStimulate competition by raising service standards

DetractorsDetractors• Unfair to ask private sector to compete with local Unfair to ask private sector to compete with local

government who have tax dollarsgovernment who have tax dollars• Not a utility, highly competitive enterpriseNot a utility, highly competitive enterprise• Continuously changing due to innovation Continuously changing due to innovation

Two sides to the coin….

Phone Giants Are Lobbying Hard To Block Towns' Wireless PlansPhone Giants Are Lobbying Hard To Block Towns' Wireless PlansWall Street Journal, June 23, 2005Wall Street Journal, June 23, 2005


Common consumer Common consumer electronic deviceelectronic device

Inexpensive; Value Inexpensive; Value is clear;is clear;

First waves of First waves of practical devices practical devices that integrate that integrate cameras, processor, cameras, processor, network, & display network, & display are in the marketare in the market

““The digital divide is really diminishing, and it's the mobile The digital divide is really diminishing, and it's the mobile phones doing it, not the PC”phones doing it, not the PC”

Len Waverman, London Business SchoolLen Waverman, London Business School


The Mobile PhoneThe Mobile Phone Gartner forecasts sales will approach 780 Gartner forecasts sales will approach 780

million units this year and more than 1 billion million units this year and more than 1 billion worldwide in 2009worldwide in 2009

China (as of May 2004) 25 million PCs 300 million cell phones

India (as of May 2004) 15 million PCs 40 million40 million cell phones cell phones + 2 million added / + 2 million added / monthmonth

Tracey LovejoyTracey Lovejoy

Source:Source: Strategy Analytics Strategy Analyticshttp://www.strategyanalytics.net/http://www.strategyanalytics.net/ Source: Forrester Research,

December 10, 2004


What are people doing with What are people doing with mobile phones today?mobile phones today?

SMS Text-messagingSMS Text-messaging PurchasingPurchasing Web Surfing & emailWeb Surfing & email

Watching & Sharing Video Watching & Sharing Video

Taking & Sharing Pictures Taking & Sharing Pictures

Expression of Identity Expression of Identity

Tracey LovejoyTracey Lovejoy


The SmartPhone PlatformThe SmartPhone PlatformMobile and Embedded DevicesMobile and Embedded Devices


SmartPhone EcosystemSmartPhone Ecosystem

Talk to people Talk to people Access information on the InternetAccess information on the InternetMonitor personal health & diagnose Monitor personal health & diagnose problemsproblemsImprove social interactionsImprove social interactionsShare experiences via AirBlogsShare experiences via AirBlogs

Energy Harvesting

MEMS Display

WITTYHealthGear

SPOT

BarcodeReader

μPEN

Xnav

MSR Hardware GroupMSR Hardware Group

WLAN, Cellular


What could people be doing What could people be doing with mobile phones with mobile phones tomorrow?tomorrow?

WiTTYWiTTY Health MonitoringHealth MonitoringSocial GroupingSocial Grouping


WITTYWITTYWWho ho IIs s TTalking alking TTo o YYou?ou?

Array Array microphonemicrophone

+Bone vibration Bone vibration sensorsensor

=

Speaker gating

Lower noise

Longer battery life

Mike Sinclair :: Zhengyou ZhangMike Sinclair :: Zhengyou Zhang

Reduces effects of ambient noiseReduces effects of ambient noise


WITTY Microphone WITTY Microphone Conventional microphoneConventional microphone

√ High-quality audioHigh-quality audiox Sensitive to external noise or Sensitive to external noise or

speechspeech

Bone microphoneBone microphone√ Very resistant to external noise or Very resistant to external noise or

speechspeechx Low-quality audio (Low-quality audio (less than 3KHz, less than 3KHz,

distorteddistorted))

Fusion of complementary Fusion of complementary information:information:

Enhance user’s voice & eliminate Enhance user’s voice & eliminate noisenoise

+

WITTY (Enhanced)WITTY (Enhanced)

8 KHz sampling

Jabra EarWrap

Witty EarWrap

Bone mic.Bone mic.Air mic.Air mic.

Mike Sinclair :: Zhengyou ZhangMike Sinclair :: Zhengyou Zhang


Health MonitoringHealth Monitoring

Aging population in developed countriesAging population in developed countries

Rural areas in developing countriesRural areas in developing countries

SmartPhone technology will transforming health SmartPhone technology will transforming health carecare

Early detection of health deteriorationEarly detection of health deterioration

Notifying health care providers in critical situationsNotifying health care providers in critical situations

Enhancing sense of connectedness with loved onesEnhancing sense of connectedness with loved ones

Find correlations between lifestyle and healthFind correlations between lifestyle and health

Sports conditioningSports conditioning


Sleep ApneaSleep ApneaA common undiagnosed conditionA common undiagnosed condition

Affects children and adultsAffects children and adults4% in men and 2% in women (higher for elderly)4% in men and 2% in women (higher for elderly)Untreated causes $3.4 billion of medical costsUntreated causes $3.4 billion of medical costs40 million undiagnosed Americans40 million undiagnosed Americans

Periods of interrupted breathing (apnea) & reducedPeriods of interrupted breathing (apnea) & reducedbreathing (hypoapnea)breathing (hypoapnea)

Leads toLeads toHypoxia, asphyxia and awakeningsHypoxia, asphyxia and awakeningsIncreased heart-rate, high blood pressureIncreased heart-rate, high blood pressureExtreme fatigue, poor concentrationExtreme fatigue, poor concentrationCompromised immune systemCompromised immune system

Cardio/cerebrovascular problemsCardio/cerebrovascular problems

Nuria Oliver :: Fernando-Flores Mangas :: Mike SinclairNuria Oliver :: Fernando-Flores Mangas :: Mike Sinclair


HealthGearHealthGear

Real-time, wearable health monitoring system

Mobile phone as central processing unit

Continuous recording of blood oximetry, heart-rate & plethysmographic signal

Real-time analysis and presentation of data to the user




No ApneaNo Apnea

Mild-Severe ApneaMild-Severe Apnea

Severe ApneaSevere Apnea

Test ResultsTest Results


Related WorkRelated Work

MDKeeper, Tadiran SpectralinkMDKeeper, Tadiran Spectralink– Launching in 2006Launching in 2006– For cardiac and circulatory diseaseFor cardiac and circulatory disease– Measures pulse rate, cardiac rhythm (ECG or EKG) and blood oxygen Measures pulse rate, cardiac rhythm (ECG or EKG) and blood oxygen

levels.levels.– Can store or transmit using GPRSCan store or transmit using GPRS

::

::

::


SLAMSLAMScott Counts :: Shelly Farnham :: Jordan Scott Counts :: Shelly Farnham :: Jordan SchwartzSchwartz

Lightweight Grouping for Mobile Lightweight Grouping for Mobile Communication, Coordination, & Communication, Coordination, &

SharingSharing

Smartphone application for:Smartphone application for:

Real-time communication Real-time communication and media sharingand media sharing

Continuous access to Continuous access to social circlessocial circles

Social networking across Social networking across eventsevents


The Mobile The Mobile AdvantageAdvantage

The social computer The social computer you take everywhere you take everywhere

Support natural Support natural social interactionssocial interactions

HyperawarenessHyperawareness

HypercoordinationHypercoordination

SLAMSLAMScott Counts :: Shelly Farnham :: Jordan Scott Counts :: Shelly Farnham :: Jordan SchwartzSchwartz

Lightweight Grouping for Mobile Lightweight Grouping for Mobile Communication, Coordination, & Communication, Coordination, &

SharingSharing


SLAMSLAMLightweight Grouping for Mobile Lightweight Grouping for Mobile Communication, Coordination, & Communication, Coordination, &

SharingSharing

Groups & EventsGroups & Events

• Easily make new groups on the flyEasily make new groups on the fly

• Minimal click event creationMinimal click event creation

Communication & SharingCommunication & Sharing

• Group-wide distributionGroup-wide distribution

• Conversation + blog + profileConversation + blog + profile

• Photo-rich social presencePhoto-rich social presence


Bridging the Information Bridging the Information DivideDivide

Technology can helpTechnology can helpConnectivity OptionsConnectivity Options

Organically growing wireless meshes that Organically growing wireless meshes that require minimal human interventionrequire minimal human intervention

Services PlatformServices PlatformSmartPhone for deploying compelling SmartPhone for deploying compelling servicesservices

but we have to work together…….but we have to work together…….

The power of ideas and opportunities, fueled by local entrepreneurial energy, is the The power of ideas and opportunities, fueled by local entrepreneurial energy, is the most important resource available in this resource-scarce part of our world.most important resource available in this resource-scarce part of our world. - - Richard Newton, Dean UC BerkeleyRichard Newton, Dean UC Berkeley


Together academia, government, Together academia, government, and industry must develop common and industry must develop common

visionvision

Perform scenario & Perform scenario & systems based research systems based research tackling hard problemstackling hard problems

Partner in building and Partner in building and deploying real-world test bedsdeploying real-world test beds

Thanks!Thanks!

http://research.microsoft.com/~bahlhttp://research.microsoft.com/~bahl

Backup MaterialBackup Material


Automatic Detection of Sleep Automatic Detection of Sleep ApneaApneaMultithreshold Time Analysis:Multithreshold Time Analysis:

Defines multiple levels of desaturation (drop Defines multiple levels of desaturation (drop gap) and resaturation (return gap)gap) and resaturation (return gap)

Desaturation starts when oxygen level falls Desaturation starts when oxygen level falls below a baseline by a certain amount below a baseline by a certain amount • continues until the signal recovers to a level, which is continues until the signal recovers to a level, which is

lower than the baseline by 25% of the specified lower than the baseline by 25% of the specified amountamount

Spectral Analysis:Spectral Analysis:Periodogram of the mean-subtracted oximetry Periodogram of the mean-subtracted oximetry signalsignal

Sleep apnea events are detected as a peak in Sleep apnea events are detected as a peak in the range 0.015-0.04Hzthe range 0.015-0.04Hz

This frequency has a fisiological explanation This frequency has a fisiological explanation corresponding to the typical lenghts of apnea corresponding to the typical lenghts of apnea eventsevents


Groups & EventsGroups & Events

• Easily make new groups on the flyEasily make new groups on the fly

• Minimal click event creationMinimal click event creation

Communication & SharingCommunication & Sharing

• Group-wide distributionGroup-wide distribution

• Conversation + blog + profileConversation + blog + profile

• Photo-rich social presencePhoto-rich social presence

Slam Home ScreenSlam Home ScreenGroup ScreenGroup Screen

Photo View Make New GroupPhoto View Make New Group

Send MessageSend Message

SLAMSLAMLightweight Grouping for Mobile Lightweight Grouping for Mobile Communication, Coordination, & Communication, Coordination, &

SharingSharing

Scott Counts :: Shelly Farnham :: Jordan Scott Counts :: Shelly Farnham :: Jordan SchwartzSchwartz

Bridging the Information Divide Victor Bahl Senior Researcher Manager, Networking Group Microsoft...

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