Bridges from all over the World!

By: Maria Peloro & Christine SniffenBridges powerpoint project2nd period science

Historical FactsThe very first bridge were in fact

created by nature. If a tree fell over a large ditch, people and animals could easily cross without having to travel longer.

Historical factsThe second bridges were made

by humans and were probably spans of wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, using a simple support and crossbeam araangement.

Historical factsThe first man-made bridges were

made out of wood, used to get over small streams. Sooner or later they found out that they can get across longer streams by adding more supports.

Historical factsIn the beginning of the Middle

Ages a little bit more proggress in bridge engineering began. The Gothic Arch was used, and it was a lot easier to construct because there was less load on the wooden centering while being built.

Historical facts

Historical facts

Historical facts

Historical facts

Historical facts

Historical facts

Type of Bridge Structure

Beam bridge

Beam Bridges are the simplest type of bridge today.

They are the direct descendent from the log bridge. It

is used often in pedestrian bridges and for highway overpasses. Beam bridges are made of one horizontal beam with two supports usually on either end. Theses free standing bridges are

usually built as a walkway or even for decoration.

Types of bridge structures

Cantiveler Bridge

A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantivelers, structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end. For small footbridges,the cantilevers may be simple beams;

however, large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or

rail traffic use trusses built from stuctual steel, or box

girders built from prestressed concrete.

Types of bridge structures Arch Bridge

An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end

shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its

loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by

the abutments at either side.

Types of Bridge StructuresSuspension Bridges

A suspension bridge is any type of bridge that makes

significant use of tension rather than or in addition to

compression. A suspension bridge usually has cables

(else ropes or chains), anchored at each end of the

bridge. Any load applied to the bridge is transformed

into a tension in these main cables

Types of Bridge StructuresTruss Bridges

A truss bridge is a bridge composed of connected elements (typically straight) which may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads. Truss bridges are one of the oldest types of modern bridges. A truss bridge

is economical to construct owing to its efficient use of materials.

Bridges that currently existVerezzano Bridge

The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is a double-decked suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn on Long Island in New York City. The bridge is named after an Italian explorer named Giovanni de Verezzano, the first known European navigator to enter New York and the Hudson River, while crossing The narrows... continue for more info

Verezzano Bridge continue...Official Name: Verezzano- Narrow Bridge

Carries: 12 total lanes (6 lanes upper and 6 lanes lower) of I-278

Locale: New York City (Staten Island –Brooklyn)

Vertical Clearence:

15 feet- 4.6meters (the upper level)

14.4 feet- 4.4 meters (the lower level)

Opening Date:

November 21, 1964 (the upper level)

June 28, 1969 (the lower level)

Toll: $10.00 as of 16 March 2008, discount available with E-Z Pass

Bridges that currently exist The Golden Gate

The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspenision bridge spanning the

Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay onto the Pacific Ocean. As part of both U.S. Route 101and State

Route1, it connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Penninsula to Marin County. The Golden Gate Bridge was the Longest suspension bridge span in the

world when it was completed during the year 1937, and has

become an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco and

also California.

Golden Gate Continue...Official name: The Golden Gate

Carries: 6 lanes US 101/ SR1, pedestrians and bicycles.

Locale: San Francisco, California and Marin County, California

Total Length: 8,981 Feet 2,737 meters

Width: 90 feet

Height: 746 feet

Opening date: May 27, 1937

Toll: $6.00 (southbound) (US $5.00 with Fas Trak

Bridges that currently exist...The London Bridge

London Bridge is a bridge between the City of London and

Southwark in London, England, over the Thames River. On

The south side of the bridge are Southwark Cathedral and

London Bridge Station; on the north side are the Monument

to the Great Fire of London and Monument Tube Station.

London Bridge Continue...Official name: London Bridge

Locale: Inner London

Carries: 5 lanes

Crosses: Thames River

Longest Span: 104 Meters- 340 feer

Total Length: 262 meters-860 feet

Clearence Below: 8.9 meters-29 feet

Opening Date: March 17, 1973

Links http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2410/2530160763_c362

bdb7a8.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever_bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truss_bridge http://images.google.com.bo/images?gbv=2&hl=es&

safe=active&q=Verezzano+Bridge&sa=N&start=0&ndsp=20

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrazano-Narrows_Bridge

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Bridge http://

www.ask.com/bar?q=timeline+of+bridges&page=1&qsrc=0&ab=4&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civl.port.ac.uk%2Fcomp_prog%2Fbridges%2Fmain%2Fpage2.html