Bridge Router Presentation

8/7/2019 Bridge Router Presentation

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The Bridge/Router By: James Thao


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Description of the Router

A router is a networking device that sendsinformation between multiple networks. Routers

are commonly used for home networking, localarea network (LAN), and connecting to theInternet using a single Internet connection.


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How the router works

The router directs traffic or sends and revisesinformation sent within a network. In order to do so, a

router uses a configuration table. A configuration table is acollection of information including: information onspecific connections leading to groups of addresses,priority connections, and rules for managing routine andspecial types of traffic. The complexity of a configuration

table depends on how large the router is (large routershaving to handle much more traffic than small routers).


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How the router works (cont.)

A router has two key jobs for a network:making sure information does not go tounnecessary destinations, as that slowsdown the network because of continuoustransferring of data, and making sure

information goes to the right destination.


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Internet data, such as e-mail messages,downloaded files, web pages, travelsthrough a packet-switching network. Thedata in a message or file is broken up intopackages. Each package includes:information on the senders address, thereceivers address, and how the receiver canbe sure that the right package arrivedcorrectly.


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Each data package, or packet, is sent in themost efficient route. This network allowsfor this to occur: the network balances theload across pieces of data at quick speeds,and if an error occurs, packets can be routed

around that error to reach its destination.


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As the router is guiding data, it must know theaddresses and network structure. Every computer

connecting to a network or the Internet has aphysical address or media access control address(MAC). With the physical address, comes thelogical address, describing how information can

be transferred.


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In short, the router scans the destination addressand matches the IP address according to the rulesin the configuration table. Then, the router checksthe performance of the primary connection in thatdirection according to another set of rules. If theconnection is stable, the packet of data is sent andthe next packet is dealt with. If the connection isunstable, then an alternative path is chosen andchecked for errors. Finally, the packet is sentthrough the best connection in order to reach itsdestination.


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Types of Routers Access routers: provides protocol conversions,meaning transferring data between LAN, the

internal network, and WAN, the external network. Core routers: made for high bandwidth use andused in large networks; the center of the LANnetwork.

D istribution routers: guides data from many accessrouters to designated areas; responsible for maintaining a good connection in WAN in order for processing efficiency.


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O ther types of networks WLAN- Wireless Local Area Network WAN- Wide Area Network

MAN- Metropolitan Area Network SAN- Storage Area Network, System Area Network,

Server Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network CAN- Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network,

or sometimes Cluster Area Network PAN- Personal Area Network


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History of the router

In the late 1960s to 1989the Interface Message

Processor (IMP) was thepredecessor of the router.The IMP was the firstgeneration of gateways.Leonard Kleinrock

contributed to computer networking and helped inthe development of ARPANET.


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In the early stage of networking (from themid-1970s through the 1980s), general-purpose computers could perform asrouters.


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The first IP router was developed byVirginia Strazisar at BBN Technologiesduring 1975-1976.

The first multi-protocol routers were createdby William Yeager and Noel Chiappa.


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ARPANET (Advanced Research ProjectsAgency Network) was created by ARPA of the United States D ept. of D efense duringthe Cold War. It was the worlds first packetswitching network.

The International Network Working Group(INWG) inspired the idea of the router in1972.


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Diagram of a Router

http://www.usr.com/education/net7.asp

http://www.howstuffworks.com/router.ht

m/printableThe Internet is one giant network

composed of thousands of smaller networks, so the use of routers are

needed for faster communication.


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Description of the Bridge

The network bridge connects local area network (LAN) segments. A LAN segment is what

connects computers together through a section of network media. (Ex. Computer 1 has two Ethernetadapters and Computer 2 and 3 have one Ethernetadapter each. An Ethernet cable connecting C1 to

C2 is one LAN segment and another Ethernetcable connecting C1 to C3 is another LANsegment.)


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Description of the Bridge

It connects multiple network segments at the datalink layer, which provides functional and

procedural rules to transfer data from one network to another. These rules are responsible for detecting and correcting errors that may occur within the network segments. Traffic from one

network is managed, instead of being set toanother network segment.


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How the bridge works

The network bridge transmits data inmultiple directions in networks throughports. Then, it monitors packets of datatransferred over LAN and to move throughone network to another according to the

address on the data packets.


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How the bridge works

Then, the bridge confirms that the packet has thecorrect address to cross the bridge in order toreach the designated network.

A LAN bridge connects a LAN with one or moreother LANs through links in order to form a larger network.

Network bridges are usually connected to a hub by

a separate LAN segment which requires two portcircuits, such as network interfaces and LANcontrollers with drivers for the data used in thebridge-hub LAN segment.


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Types of Bridging Transparent Bridging- This method involves a forwarding

database to send frames of data across network segments.Initially, the forwarding database is empty and entries inthe database are built as it receives frames. If there is noaddress entry in the forwarding database, the frame willforwarded to all segments except the source address. Thedestination network will respond, thus creating a route. In

order to avoid looping when there are other pathsavailable, bridges record the bandwidth for transfer efficiency. This is used for Ethernet networks.


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Types of Bridging Source Route Bridging- In source route bridging, two

frame types are used in order to find the route to thedestination network segment. Single-Route (SR) frameshave set destinations. All-Route (AR) frames are used tofind routes. Bridges send AR frames through all networksinvolved to provide specific routes for frames. The firstAR frame defines the best route for incoming frames; other frames are discarded. This method balances frames onmultiple bridges connecting two networks. This providesfor efficient forwarding of packets. A new AR packet willfind the best route if one exists. This is used for TokenRing networks.


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Transparent bridge route vs. Source Route Bridge

The main difference between these to typesof bridging is that Source Route Bridging ismore efficient in finding routes and iteliminates ineffective bridges, but it takesmore energy to do this, as more space is

used to store routes in the frames.


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History of the bridge

The bridge was created before the router. Bridges were popular in the late 1980sthrough the 1990s, but was replaced by thenetwork switch.


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Bridge/Router Manufacturers 3Com Alcatel Cisco Systems, Inc.

D-Link Systems Enterasys Networks

Juniper Networks Linksys Mikrotik NETGEAR Nortel Pivotal Networking SMC Networks Tellabs MRV Communications

Belkin


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Prices Wired Routers: Linksys BEFSR8110/100Mbps EtherFas Cable/ D SL Router

$77.99 Wireless Routers: TrendNet Wireless NH ome Router $34.99

Wireless Bridges:D

-Link D

AP-1522Xtreme N D uo Wireless Bridge/AccessPoint $85.99


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Sources Cited

http://www.usr.com/education/net7.asphttp://kb.iu.edu/data/axfn.htmlhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/routers/g/bldef_router.htm

http://www.devhardware.com/c/a/Networking-H

ardware/Router-O verview/1/http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/pr oddocs/en-us/hnw_understanding_bridge.mspx?mfr=truehttp://ecommerce.insightin.com/network/router.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router#Types_of_routers

http://www.howstuffworks.com/router.htm/printablehttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc781097(WS.10).aspxhttp://www.ipnetworksystems.co.uk/technical-advice.php


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Sources Cited (cont.)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBN_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANEThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_line

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBN_Technologieshttp://www.newegg.com/Store/SubCategory.aspx?SubCategory=28&name=Wired-Routershttp://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16833156242

http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16833127256http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=remote+access+r outer&i=50400,00.asp


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Sources Citedhttp://www.electronicsmanufacturers.com/products/computer-networking/network-bridge/http://www.ehow.com/facts_5022880_definition-network-bridge.html

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Network_bridgehttp://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/ D ata_link_layer http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/MAC_addresshttp://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/IP_address


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Bridge Router Presentation

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