Brick and Block Lecture
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Transcript of Brick and Block Lecture
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Brick and block
Steve Coombs
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History:ancient civilisations
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History: Greek and romanThe name brick is derived from the Greek word keramos fired earth.
Romans introduced brick across Empire with mobile kiln.
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History: 12th
18th
centuryMiddle Ages and lack of natural building stone developed thebrick-Gothic church building in N.Europe.
UK - Prior to industrial revolution brick was expensive to
transport further than 10miles. Local materials and localkilns.
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History: 19th
century
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History: Building tall
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History:arts and crafts
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History: volume housebuilders
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module: nominal size
3H + 20L
2L + 10
T
Brick Block
H
LT
bed
stre
tche
rheader
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module: nominal size
215
440
100
Brick Block
65
215102.5
bed
stre
tche
rheader
L = 390, 440, 590 & 610 mmH = 140, 190, 215 & 290 mm
W = 75, 100, 115, 140, 150 & 215 mm
L = 203 250 mmH = 50 76 mm
W = 102 120 mm
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Module: typesSolid, frogs, perforated, cellular, keyed, insulated
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Module: shapes
Feature quoin Flat single bullnose Double cant
Single cant Double bullnose Plinth stretcher
Single bullnose Corbel pedestal Wave coping end stop
Squint Plinth corner Plinth internal corner
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Material
Bricks
Clay (95%)
Calcium silicate (1%)
Concrete (4%)
Blocks
Clay (0%)
Concrete (100%)- Dense- Lightweight- Aerated
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Raw material: ClayClay, marl and mudstone with silica and alumina with impurities: iron,magnesia, potash, sodium or sulphur
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Raw material:calcium silicate
Sand, flint, quartz, (quick)lime, water
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Raw material:concrete
Light aggregates: clinker,blast furnace slag,expanded clay, pumice,PFA (pulverised fuel-ash),
vermiculite, perlite
Dense concrete aggregates:hard sandstone andlimestone, basalt, gravel,granite
Aerated concrete: quartz,lime/ cement, aluminiumpowder
Cement, sand, water
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Manufacturing: clay (fired)
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Manufacturing: clay (fired)
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Video?
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Manufacturing: clay (unfired)
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Manufacturing: concrete
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Manufacturing:aerated concrete
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Embodied energy
Fired clay bricks are responsible forthe greater of environmental impactsamongst bricks.
Emissions include sulphur dioxide,hydrogen fluoride and hydrogenchloride.
The other major impact is thedegradation of the landscape
resulting from the extraction of rawmaterials.
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Appearance: colour and texture
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Properties: strength
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Properties: strength
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Properties: movement
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Properties: thermal
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Properties: water, salt and frost
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Properties: using
HSE Guidance on the one person repetitive handling of masonry units is thatsuch units should not exceed 20 kg in mass. This ruling effectively onlyapplies to Concrete Blocks and Autoclaved Aerated Blocks. Units above 20
kg should be handled mechanically or non repetitively, or by more than oneperson.
Cutting clay blocks
Nailing into clay low density bricks and blocks
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Detailing: masonry bonding
Header bond Monk, Yorkshire bond
English bond Dutch bond
English cross bond
Stretcher bond Flemish bond
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Detailing: mortar joints
Weathered Struck Raked Concave
V Flush Extruded
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Detailing: joints
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Detailing:arches
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Case studies
What does a brick want to be?
Louis Kahn
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Rafael moneo
Roman art museum, Merida
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Bearth & deplazes
Gallery in Marktoberdorf
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Lewerentz
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Bibliography/ reading list
Materials 5th edition, Mitchells Building Series, Alan EverettChapters 6&7
Basics: Masonry Construction, Nils Kummer
Constructing Architecture: materials, processes, structures, Andrea DeplazesChapter Masonry
Construction Materials Manual, Hegger, Auch-swelk, Fuchs, Rosenkranz
The Ecology of Building Materials second edition, Bjorn Berge
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appendix
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