Breeding for enhanced Zinc and Iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm
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Transcript of Breeding for enhanced Zinc and Iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm
Breeding for enhanced Zinc and Iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat
germplasm
Govindan Velu
E-mail: [email protected]
Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)- Mexico
MAZATLAN, JUNE 15, 2012
Achieving sustainable food and nutritional security
Discovery HPlus I 2004-2008
Development HPlus II2009-2013
Delivery HPlus III2014+
HarvestPlus Impact & Product Pathway
Product Development and
Delivery Plan
G8 summit supports for biofortified crops
Breeding strategy
HONG DUAN MANG
HONG HUA MAI
Potential donors for high Zn
Successful shuttle breeding
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8
% e
ntrie
s
Zn concentration (ppm) above the checks
Mexico
Pakistan
India
Pooled
50% breeding target
100% breeding target
Performance of 1st HarvestPlus International Wheat Yield Trial in target environments for Zn, 2010-11
• >40% entries had atleast 50% target Zn (4 ppm) & 5-10% entries had full target Zn (8 ppm).
• high heritability (0.7) and high genetic correlations between locations suggests low G x E.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
<80 81-85 86-90 91-95 96-100 101-105 106-110
% E
ntri
es
Grain yield (% over check)
% of 3 checks mean
% of local check
Grain yield potential of 1st HPYT across locations
• 2-3 best leads were identified in India & Pakistan with 75-100% target Zn & better grain yield potential, rust resistance and superior end-use quality.
• These leads are being evaluated in regional PVS/on-farm trials
Performance of 1st HPYT across locationsGlobal End-use quality
Zn (ppm)
ppm above checks
% target level
India (5
sites)
Pak (2
sites
Asia (7
sites)
Mex-2
sites
Fe (ppm)
9 sites
Head
Matur
PHOff-
season
GRNHRD %
GRNPRO %
435CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (210)//INQALAB 91*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 38.7 8.7 109 7.7 9.5 9.3 6.9 44.4 86 78 119 107 5MSS 5 MS APR_R 45 14
412OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/3/2*PASTOR/4/T.SPELTA PI348449/5/BAV92/3/OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/4/
35.1 5.1 64 3.3 6.1 4.4 6.1 40.2 97 93 130 105 20MSS 30 MSS APR_MR 41 12
422FRET2/TUKURU//FRET2*2/3/T.SPELTA PI348530 35.0 5.1 63 2.4 5.9 5.7 3.2 39.4 87 94 131 115 20MSS 10 M APR_R 44 12
414
REH/HARE//2*BCN/3/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO/4/HUITES/5/T.SPELTA PI348599/6/REH/HARE//2*BCN/3/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO/4/HUITES/7/QUAIU
35.0 5.0 63 3.6 3.2 5.7 2.4 40.7 91 96 136 105 20MSS 50 MSS MS 40 12
424WBLL1*2/TUKURU/3/T.DICOCCON PI94624/AE.SQUARROSA (409)//BCN/4/WBLL1*2/TUKURU
34.8 4.9 61 1.1 4.0 3.7 6.5 38.0 80 85 128 110 30MSS 20 M APR_R-MR 43 13
413OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/3/2*PASTOR/4/T.SPELTA PI348449/5/BAV92/3/OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/4/
34.7 4.8 60 3.0 7.4 4.2 4.1 39.7 96 93 130 109 20MSS 30 MSS APR_MR 36 12
432 GTO95.1.20/KIRITATI//MUU 34.6 4.6 58 1.3 5.1 4.1 5.1 38.2 79 89 131 104 5MSS 1 MSS APR_NIR 39 13
433CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (210)//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA
34.3 4.3 54 4.9 4.9 4.6 2.5 42.0 86 86 128 119 5MSS 1 MS APR_NIR 40 14
434CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (210)//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA
34.2 4.2 52 3.0 6.9 4.0 4.1 41.4 91 88 129 119 40MSS 30 MSS APR_MR 41 13
Checks 30.0 36.0 100 94 132 109 30MSS 47 12Mean 32.1 1.1 2.9 1.5 1.0 37.8 92 89 130 108 42.5 12.3Min 28.3 -2.6 -1.9 -1.6 -2.2 32.6 76 78 119 96 35.5 10.9Max 38.7 7.7 9.5 9.3 6.9 44.4 107 102 140 119 59.5 14.3SD 2.17 1.9 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.5 7.7 5.7 4.3 5.4 5.30 0.81
Agronomy Stem rust(Kenya) NJ
Main seasonEnt Cross
Across locations Zn (ppm)-Regional GY (%
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15
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25
30
Grain yield (% checks mean)
% e
ntr
ies
H+ lines yield potential
Irrigated BW lines yieldpotential
Wild x Elite (N =>600)
Elite x Elite (N =>4900)
Comparison of grain yield of BWIR advanced lines with H+ improved lines
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10
20
30
40
50
60
<20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 <45
Zn concentration (mg/kg)
% e
ntri
es fr
om H
PY
T
Landraces derivative
Synthetic derivative
T Spelta derivative
High H2 across and individual environmentHigh H2 across and individual environment
Trait SitesEntry Variance
Residual Variance
Grand Mean
LSD CV Heritability
E1 2.5 1.7 26.8 2.7 5.0 0.74E2 6.7 4.2 34.0 4.3 6.2 0.76E3 5.5 9.4 34.2 6.4 9.2 0.54E4 5.5 8.8 29.3 6.3 10.6 0.56E5 8.7 14.5 28.5 8.2 14.1 0.54E6 20.5 18.5 32.1 9.2 14.1 0.69E7 0.8 19.7 31.3 9.2 14.4 0.07E8 1.6 11.0 32.3 6.7 10.2 0.22E9 18.1 10.6 44.1 6.5 7.2 0.77Across locations
3.70 11.50 32.5 2.90 4.60 0.78
E1 9.6 3.6 32.6 3.8 5.8 0.84E2 17.3 7.7 42.7 6.1 7.0 0.82E3 7.2 10.1 34.8 7.0 9.8 0.59E4 16.8 8.7 37.8 6.4 8.3 0.79E5 2.1 2.5 32.4 3.3 5.0 0.62E6 11.3 3.7 37.3 4.0 5.3 0.86E7 1.6 4.5 35.5 4.3 6.0 0.42E8 0.1 13.8 41.3 7.9 9.4 0.01E9 7.1 2.5 38.9 3.3 4.1 0.85Across locations
5.10 6.60 37.0 2.40 3.30 0.88
Grain Zn
(mg/kg)
Grain Fe
(mg/kg)
Associations y = 1.1761xR² = 0.59
20
30
40
50
20 25 30 35 40
Gra
in F
e c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(p
pm
)
Grain Zn concentration (ppm)
y = 1.3384x + 15.704R² = 0.2491
20
25
30
35
40
10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Zn concentration
(ppm)
Protein %
y = 31.918xR² = 0.06
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Zn
yiel
d (k
g ha
-1)
Grain yield (tons ha-1)
y = 37.645xR² = 0.33
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Fe y
ield
(kg
ha-1
)
Grain yield (tons ha-1)
Positive association of Zn/Fe yield with grain yield
PH XRF-CIM
ICP-WAS
XRF-CIM
ICP-WAS
t/ha%
checkscm
Mean 33.9 41.1 31.0 31.7 6.8 101 102Min 22.9 29.3 23.5 27.5 6.3 96 79Max 65.4 58.7 41.2 37.6 7.5 114 116SE 0.37 0.4 0.14 0.12 0.27 0.19 0.37
Zn ppm Fe ppm GY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
25 30 35 40 45 50 >55
% e
ntrie
s
Zn and Fe concentration, ppm
Zn ppm
Fe ppm
Zn and Fe concentration of Candidate lines (C2HPYT) Y10-11
N =420
Special emphasize on rust resistance
Singh et al., 2011
• Luckily some of the 1st HPYT best bets possess Ug99 resistance
• 2nd HPYT entries were selected considering Ug 99 data
R² = 0.7367
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70XR
F Zn
(CIM
MYT
)
ICP Zn (WAS)
R² = 0.684
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
15 20 25 30 35 40 45
XRF
Fe (C
IMM
YT)
ICP Fe (WAS)
N >200 samples
Sets No of samplesCorrelation b/n ICP
& XRF (r2)
Set 1 570 0.9
Set 2 800 0.8
Set 3 1204 0.7
Set 4 180 0.7
Set 5 140 0.6
Total 2894
New opportunities within CIMMYT initiatives(SeeD, “WHEAT CRP”)
New opportunities within CIMMYT initiatives(SeeD, “WHEAT CRP”)
PVS: one of the ways for faster seed deliveryPVS: one of the ways for faster seed delivery
Product Testing & Release Schedule
Positive correlation between Fe and Zn - range for crops: r = 0.3 to 0.8 - allows simultaneous improvement
Molecular approachAssociation mapping
Diverse origin of spelts, dicoccon, synthetic and landraces derived
COP confirms good enough diversity in the panel Phenotyping: 3 reps randomized trial (Alpha lattice-incomplete blocks) in Cd. Obregon
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
COP - value
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
% o
bser
vatio
ns
Genotyping: SNP 90K illumina platform – Largest consortium covering diverse material
Mapping/map position of SNP will be available in mid 2012
Also SSR genotyping with Dr Klaus, SARDI, Australia
Genotyping: SNP 90K illumina platform – Largest consortium covering diverse material
Mapping/map position of SNP will be available in mid 2012
Also SSR genotyping with Dr Klaus, SARDI, Australia
Challenges
● Soil Zn heterogeneity● Applied common ZnSO4
100 kg/ha● Soil Sampling in each check
plots (Waxwing)● Spatial experimental design
& grid check approach
Wolfgang H PFEIFFER
Product Attributes - Breeding Objectives
Goal: micronutrient density as core trait in future breeding
will lead to Biofortification of all future varieties
micronutrients are not subject to genetic erosion
Conclusion Multi-location HPYT results were encouraging –
Moderately high H2, high genetic correlations Leads were identified with high Zn and desirable yield
potential Time to promote biofortified products in target countries
and additional G x E testing in other countries Increasing trend for yield potential (and other desirable
traits) over the years from new set of materials (with high Zn)
Expanding breeding operations (↑ no. of crosses, double the size of YT)
Second cycle of breeding enhance possibility of obtaining high Zn improved lines with good agronomy
XRF allows fast-track screening of Zn and Fe