Breeding bean for resistance to

common and halo bacterial blights

Phil Miklas and Deidre Fourie

CBB reaction is rated 1 to 9 in GH and Field tests

1 2 3 5-6 8 9

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas axonopodis var fuscans.

Breeding for resistance to CBB is complex

Seed borne

- Quantitative inheritance - Sources of resistance are unadapted - combining resistance sources is necessary for moderate control

- Different resistance genes in leaf, pod, seed

Singh, S. P., and P. N. Miklas. 2015. Breeding common bean for resistance to common blight: a review. Crop Sci. 55:971-984.

B9

Gluc G04.900 U10.900

Y04.1600

P06.600

Y08.1350 AA03.1100 AD08.450

W02.750 Bng228 Bng102 G18.400 P07.350 P07.550

AI07.600 D1096-2 W13.550

AM13.1500 O19.750

D1831 D1338-2

105

CBBBJ

B10

D1476 I07.700

Bng200 AJ14.250 AG18.550 K19.450b

U01.700 X11.700

Bng68 D1580

L04.500 AN11.300

AN03.350

ROF1.1180

Bng218

AM14.1000

89

B11

Bng112

D1228

AL15.1300 Q11.1000 AE07.800 U10.1000

AD12.450 D1308

AD17.950

AJ16.250 G03.850

D1291 Bng145

P2027 W02.950 K10.700 DH20sT

D1512 G08.1200 100

Co-2

Bng104

S18.1500

AD09.950

Bng94 P2062

ROF7.540

S18.650 AD09.700

D1086

ROD3.560 D03.600

W13.350 T08.500

AD12.350 O10.650

AM06.1000

B6

113

U10.2000 U19.500

D0096

G05.1150 U19.350

Cdc-2

V

bc-3

B5

G19.1800

D1080

Diap-1 ROD20b F07.1550 U12.950

K10.1300 H13.300

D1301 AL08.900

AH17.500 Bng162

72

Aco-2

D1198

S18.500 D1157

D1251

CBBBJ

B3

D1066-2

D1132

AN08.800 Q09.1200 R20.400

AD04.1000 AP07.1300

V20.700 AA03.650

D1020 O10.350 Bng165 F10.900 D08.800

D1009 U20.700

AM18.1050 AM10.525 AH05.650

O20.550 Q18.600 W06.700 S08.500 G17.800 I18.1700 Y11.350

B1

Bng171a

W07.1450 Bng122

O13.700 V20.400

Q01.650 D1662 D1327

AD17.350 V12.550

R20.1250 T01.300

D1032

ROD3.930

AN16.700

V12.1050 107

Ppd

SCN, Co-1, Co-x, Co-w

fin

rk, Ane, Ms-8

Co-9, R3

B2

F06.350

ROG19.1490 G19.1500

ROS3.380

[I-B]

T07.550

AG08.700

O12.900 D1287

P07.700

D0166 V12.700 G05.850

G06.1100 U12.500 Bng174

O12.1600 W20.1400

I06.550 AM02.1500

O19.800 AM10.800

O15.1800 ChS

W02.1100 J01.2000

D1595

Bng119b

V10.900 AM07.300

F13.300 AN08.900

175

CBBBJ

B4

Ur-4

Me O20.1000

Bng224 X07.250

Z04.1200 D1325

Rbcs P09.800

G08.1100 X01.950

F08.1600 Bng71 D1298

AM04.950 D1174

Y17.1100 95

Co-9, Co-y, Co-z, Ur-5, Ur-Dorado, Ur-Ouro Negro

CBBXC

109

P

Asp CBBBJ CBBDX CBBBH

B7

Bng191

ChI Bng199 J09.950

Y04.1050 Bng060

Phs

W20.550 P1090

AM13.450 Z04.600 Bng204 H14.550

D0190 Y04.1300

W16.550 AN03.650

I07.1200 AN08.650

D1107

H12.1050b

D1861

Co-10

CBBXC

CBBXC

Ur-9

Ur-12

Ur-BAC6

Ur-11, Ur-3, Ur-Dorado

SAP6, Xap-1 CBBBH

BC420 SCAR CBBPX

CBBPX D1377 X11.1300

Bng12 Pu-a

132 G03.1150

AO11.1000 D1151 I16.900

A10.1100 T08.650

AO11.1200

DJ1kscar

AH05.1000 U20.1150

D1468 D1505

Bng205 O16.600 I08.1500

AJ13.1350 E19.1500 I03.1550 H11.400 L04.950 X15.450 W01.650

E19.1200

AM07.600 Bng73 D1055 133

CBBXC [C-R]

bc-12

Co-4

CBBPX SU91 SCAR

CBBPX

CBBBA

CBBBA

CBBBA CBBPX

CBBBH

CBBBH

CBBBH

CBBS95

CBBS95

CBBS95

CBBBA

B8

Miklas et al. 2006. Euphytica

CBBOV1, OV3,

B9

Gluc G04.900 U10.900

Y04.1600

P06.600

Y08.1350 AA03.1100 AD08.450

W02.750 Bng228 Bng102 G18.400 P07.350 P07.550

AI07.600 D1096-2 W13.550

AM13.1500 O19.750

D1831 D1338-2

105

B10

D1476 I07.700

Bng200 AJ14.250 AG18.550 K19.450b

U01.700 X11.700

Bng68 D1580

L04.500 AN11.300

AN03.350

ROF1.1180

Bng218

AM14.1000

89

B11

Bng112

D1228

AL15.1300 Q11.1000 AE07.800 U10.1000

AD12.450 D1308

AD17.950

AJ16.250 G03.850

D1291 Bng145

P2027 W02.950 K10.700 DH20sT

D1512 G08.1200 100

Co-2

Bng104

S18.1500

AD09.950

Bng94 P2062

ROF7.540

S18.650 AD09.700

D1086

ROD3.560 D03.600

W13.350 T08.500

AD12.350 O10.650

AM06.1000

B6

113

U10.2000 U19.500

D0096

G05.1150 U19.350

Cdc-2

V

bc-3

B5

G19.1800

D1080

Diap-1 ROD20b F07.1550 U12.950

K10.1300 H13.300

D1301 AL08.900

AH17.500 Bng162

72

Aco-2

D1198

S18.500 D1157

D1251

B3

D1066-2

D1132

AN08.800 Q09.1200 R20.400

AD04.1000 AP07.1300

V20.700 AA03.650

D1020 O10.350 Bng165 F10.900 D08.800

D1009 U20.700

AM18.1050 AM10.525 AH05.650

O20.550 Q18.600 W06.700 S08.500 G17.800 I18.1700 Y11.350

B1

Bng171a

W07.1450 Bng122

O13.700 V20.400

Q01.650 D1662 D1327

AD17.350 V12.550

R20.1250 T01.300

D1032

ROD3.930

AN16.700

V12.1050 107

Ppd

SCN, Co-1, Co-x, Co-w

fin

rk, Ane, Ms-8

Co-9, R3

B2

F06.350

ROG19.1490 G19.1500

ROS3.380

[I-B]

T07.550

AG08.700

O12.900 D1287

P07.700

D0166 V12.700 G05.850

G06.1100 U12.500 Bng174

O12.1600 W20.1400

I06.550 AM02.1500

O19.800 AM10.800

O15.1800 ChS

W02.1100 J01.2000

D1595

Bng119b

V10.900 AM07.300

F13.300 AN08.900

175

B4

Ur-4

Me O20.1000

Bng224 X07.250

Z04.1200 D1325

Rbcs P09.800

G08.1100 X01.950

F08.1600 Bng71 D1298

AM04.950 D1174

Y17.1100 95

Co-9, Co-y, Co-z, Ur-5, Ur-Dorado, Ur-Ouro Negro

109

P

Asp

B7

Bng191

ChI Bng199 J09.950

Y04.1050 Bng060

Phs

W20.550 P1090

AM13.450 Z04.600 Bng204 H14.550

D0190 Y04.1300

W16.550 AN03.650

I07.1200 AN08.650

D1107

H12.1050b

D1861

Co-10

Ur-9

Ur-12

Ur-BAC6

Ur-11, Ur-3, Ur-Dorado

SAP6 SCAR CBBXD

BC420 SCAR CBBPX

D1377 X11.1300

Bng12 Pu-a

132 G03.1150

AO11.1000 D1151 I16.900

A10.1100 T08.650

AO11.1200

DJ1kscar

AH05.1000 U20.1150

D1468 D1505

Bng205 O16.600 I08.1500

AJ13.1350 E19.1500 I03.1550 H11.400 L04.950 X15.450 W01.650

E19.1200

AM07.600 Bng73 D1055 133

[C-R]

bc-12

Co-4

CBBPX SU91 SCAR

B8

CBBBJ CBBDX CBBBH

CBBOV1, OV3,

Xa11.1 QTL in VAX-1 & VAX-3

† Trifoliolate leaf ¶ Primary leaf ‡ Pods

0 18 35 53 72

‡

¶

†

cM

Xa11.4

LOD0

† Trifoliolate leaf ¶ Primary leaf ‡ Pods

0 25 50 75 100

cM

‡

¶

†

Xa11.4

LOD0

† Trifoliolate leaf ¶ Primary leaf ‡ Pods

0 25 50 75 100

†

¶

‡

cM

Xa11.4

LOD0

0 15 35 47 55 72

¶ Primary leaf † Trifoliolate leaf ‡ Pods

cM

LOD0

Xa11.4 †

¶

‡

Othello/VAX-1 Aggressive strain

Viteri, D.M., P.B. Cregan, J. Trapp, P.N. Miklas, and S.P. Singh. 2014. A new common bacterial blight resistance QTL in VAX … Crop Sci. 54:1598–1608.

OV3 aggressive

OV1 weak

OV3 weak

QTL (gene) x pathogen strain interaction • Zapata. 1997. Identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli races

in P. vulgaris leaves. Agron. Mesoam. 8:44–52.

• Mutlu, Steadman, et al. 2008. Differential pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans) strains on bean genotypes with CBB. Plant Dis. 92:546–554.

• Viteri, Miklas, Singh et al. 2014. ……interaction of the new QTL, SAP6, and SU91 with bacterial strains. Crop Sci. 54:1598–1608.

Strain Genotype QTL Weak Aggressive Othello None 7.2 8.8 VAX 3 SAP6, SU91, Xa11.4 2.8 3.2 15 RILs SAP6 3.0 d 7.4 a 10 RILs SU91 5.4 b 6.7 b 16 RILs Xa11.4 4.9 c 6.0 c

Recessive epistasis BC420 and SU91 QTL Teebus*6 /XAN159 F2

8.3 8.1 8

3.3 3.21.7 1.6 1.2 1.1

13579

bbss

Bbss

BBss

bbSS

bbSs

BbSS

BbSs

BBSs

BBSS

Genotype

Dise

ase

scor

e

9 3

4

Vandemark, G.J., D. Fourie, and P.N. Miklas. 2008. TAG 117:513–522.

Effect of combined sources on level of resistance to CBB in dry bean

Dry bean lines

P. vulgaris SAP 6

P. vulgaris PI 207262 Pv07

Scarlet runner bean

Tepary bean SU91, BC420, Xa11.4

Disease score

Chase, Montcalm X 6,7

XAN 112, BAT93 X X 5,6

XR-235, etc X 5,6

USPT-CBB-1 X X 4,5

XAN -159 X X 2,3

USDK-CBB-15 X X 4,5

VAX-3, VAX-4 X X X X 1,2

Miklas et al 2006. Common bean breeding for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses: from classical to MAS breeding. Euphytica 147:105-131.

1

3

5

7

9

USDK-

15

USDK-

14

Montca

lm

XAN 15

9

Dis

ease

sco

re

CBB reaction of kidney lines bred for resistance using MAS

SAP6 SU91

SAP6 SU91

BC420 SU91

SAP6

Miklas et al. 2006. Registration of USDK-CBB-15 dark red kidney bean germplasm line with improved resistance to common bacterial blight. Crop Sci. 46:1005-1006.

Viteri et al.. 2014. Progress in breeding Andean common bean for resistance to common bacterial blight. Crop Sci. 54:2084–2092.

SAP6 QTL marker on Pv10

• Miklas et al. 1996. Selective mapping of QTL conditioning disease resistance in common bean. Crop Sci. 36:1344-1351.

RAPD AP06

• Miklas et al. 2000. MAS for pyramided resistance to CBB in common bean. Ann. Rept. Bean Improv. Coop. 43:39-40.

AP06 converted to SCAR SAP6

• Miklas et al. 2003. A major QTL for CBB resistance derives great northern landrace cultivar Montana No.5. Euphytica 131:137-146.

SAP6 derives from common bean not tepary bean

cM

‡

†

¶

SAP6 QTL physical position

Viteri et al. 2014. A new CBB resistance QTL in VAX 1 and interaction of the new QTL, SAP6, and SU91 with Xcp strains. Crop Sci. 54:1598-1608.

Marker position

SAP6 39,939,000

KASP (B. Raatz) 40,020,540

SNP 47812 40,517,575

Caution – SAP6 marker is found in susceptible germplasm so is not diagnostic and can be tricky to use

BC420 SCAR marker on Pv06 • Jung et al. 1997. CBB resistance mapped in PC-50/XAN-159 J. Am. Soc.

Hortic. Sci. 122:329–337. LG5 QTL • Park et al. 1999. Confirmation of molecular markers and flower color

associated with QTL for resistance to CBB. JASHS 124:519–526. LG5 QTL and V locus for flower/seed color tightly linked • Yu, K., S.J. Park, and V. Poysa. 2000. MAS of beans for resistance to CBB:

Efficacy and economics. Plant Breed. 119:411–415. Describe BC420 SCAR marker • Vandemark, G.J., D. Fourie, and P.N. Miklas. 2008. …..recessive epistasis

between QTL conferring resistance to CBB. TAG 117:513–522. BC420 QTL is not effective on its own • Shi et al. 2012. Development of candidate gene markers associated to

CBB resistance in common bean. TAG 125:1525-1537. BC420 CG14 – co-dominant marker

SU91 SCAR marker on Pv08

• Pedraza et al. 1997. SU91 marker for CBB resistance QTL. CIAT publ.

SU91 QTL (dominant SCAR)

• Shi et al. 2012. Development of candidate gene markers associated to CBB resistance in common bean. TAG 125:1525-1537.

SU91 CG-11 – co-dominant marker

• Bett et al. KASP assay (SU91 QTL) - unpublished

SU91 KASP marker

• Raatz et al. KASP assay (SU91 QTL) - unpublished SU91 KASP marker (100 kb distal)

Future considerations

• A combination of phenotypic and MAS is a useful approach for improving resistance to CBB

• PI 207262 resistance should be analyzed separately for unique

QTL on Pv07 and marker developed.

• VAX lines may have Pv07 QTL? Use RILs absent SAP6, SU91, and Xa11.4 leaving just Pv07 QTL segregating.

• Need to further validate Xa11.4 QTL and develop marker (in progress)

• Coordination of efforts – sharing of resistant breeding lines?

Line Seed type BCMV resistance CBB resistance AO-1012-29-3-3A Dark red kidney I + bc-1(2) No XRAV-40-4 Black I + bc-3 No DPC-40 Black I + bc-3 No Raven Black I + bc-3 No Verano White I gene Yes PR0806-80, -81 White I + bc-3 No PR0401-259, PR0650-31

Pink Black

I gene I gene

Yes Yes

PR0633-10, PR0737-1

Red mottled I + bc-3 I + bc-3

Yes No

Badillo Light red kidney I gene Yes PR9443-4 Light red kidney I gene Yes VR-1s, -7s, -8s White I + bc-3 No PR9357-107 Small red I + bc-3 No TARS-LFR1 Small red I gene Yes 08SH-840 cranberry I gene Yes USCR-7, USCR-9 Cranberry I + bc-3 No USLK-2 USDK-4 USWK-6

Light red - Dark red -

White - kidneys

I + bc-3 No

USDK-CBB-15 Dark red kidney I Yes USWK-CBB-17 White kidney I Yes USCR-CBB-20 Cranberry I Yes Werna, RS-7 Sugar I Yes

Halo bacterial blight Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola

HB reaction is rated 1 to 5 in Greenhouse

1 5

HBB: host x pathogen interaction Teverson, D.M. 1991. Genetics of pathogenicity and resistance in the halo-blight disease of beans in Africa. Ph.D. Dissertation. Univ. of Birmingham, UK. p. 205. Taylor, Teverson, Allen, and Pastor-Corrales. 1996. Identification and origin of races of Psp from Africa and other bean growing areas. Plant Pathol. 45:469–478. Taylor, Teverson, and Davis. 1996. Sources of resistance to Psp races in P. vulgaris. Plant Pathol. 45:479–85

Differential

R-genes

Race 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Canadian Wonder - + + + + + + + + + ZAA 54 (A52) 4 + + + + - + + + + Tendergreen 3 + + - - + + + + + UI 3 1,4 - + + + - + - + - P.acutifolius (1072) 2 + - + - - + - + + ZAA 55 (A53) 3,4 + + - - - + + + + ZAA 12 (A43) 2,3,4,5 + - - - - + - - - Guatemala 196-B 1,3,4 - + - - - + - + -

HBB: host x pathogen interaction Differential

R-genes

Race

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Canadian Wonder - + + + + + + + + +

ZAA 54 (A52) 4 + + + + - + + + +

Tendergreen 3 + + -HR -HR + + + + +

UI 3 1,4 - + + + - + - + -

P.acutifolius (1072) 2 + - + - - + - + +

ZAA 55 (A53) 3,4 + + -HR -HR - + + + +

ZAA 12 (A43) 2,3,4,5 + - -HR -HR - + - - -

Guatemala 196-B 1,3,4 - + -HR -HR - + - + -

Rating of 1 = - incompatible, and 2-5 = + compatible (susceptible)

HBB: host x pathogen interaction

Differential

R-genes

Race 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Canadian Wonder - + + + + + + + + +

ZAA 54 (A52) Pse-4 + + + + - + + + +

Tendergreen Pse-3 + + -HR -HR + + + + +

Rating of 1 = - incompatible, and 2-5 = + compatible (susceptible)

M10.1000 0.0

F9.1000 2.7 X13.420 SR13.1150 ST8.1350 Pse-1 SH11.800

3.6

BA

AM18.1300

P11.550 0.0

V10.300 4.7

U20.780 6.6 I10.1350 6.8

9.5 M10.1000 12.3 AG15.660 12.9 X13.420 13.7

SH11.800 15.3 P7.750 16.0

P1.650 16.7 H11.640 17.0

X3.480 19.3 Q9.520 23.6

U10.510 26.2

CU

WX11.2 0.0 WV17.2 0.6 Bng200 2.2

DROE9c 4.0

WG16.1 8.0 ST8.1350 11.1 WP08.3 11.6 X13.420 11.7 SR13.1150 F9.1000 11.8 DROE9a 12.7

WAG15.1 17.9

WR16.1 22.3

Bng68 30.4

BJ Pv10 HB- QTL

FW - QTL

ALS - QTL

Halo blight R genes: Pse-1 on Pv10

Miklas, Fourie, et al. 2009. Tagged and mapped Pse-1 gene for resistance to HBB in host cultivar UI-3. Crop Sci. 49:41–48.

Differential

R-genes

Race 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UI 3 Pse-1, Pse-4 - + + + - + - + -

Miklas, Fourie, Trapp, Larsen, Chavarro, Blair, and Gepts. 2011. Characterization and mapping of Pse-2 gene for resistance to HBB. Crop Sci. 51:2439–2448.

Halo blight R genes: Pse-2 on Pv10

Differential

R-genes

Race

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ZAA 12 (A43) 2,3,4,5 + - -HR -HR - + - - -

Pse-2 + - -HR -HR - + - - -

Pse-3 + + -HR -HR + + + + +

Pse-4 + + + + - + + + +

HBB: host x pathogen interaction: Pse-6 on Pv04

Differential

R-genes

Race 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UI 3 Pse-1, Pse-4 - + + + - + - + -

BelNeb-RR-1 Pse-4, Pse-6 - + + + - + - + -

Rating of 1 = - incompatible, and 2-5 = + compatible (susceptible)

Miklas, Fourie, et al. 2014. New loci including Pse-6 conferring resistance to halo bacterial blight on chromosome Pv04 in common bean. Crop Sci. 54: 2099-2108.

HBB: host x pathogen interaction: Pse-6 on Pv04

Differential

R-genes

Race

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UI 3 Pse-1, Pse-4 - + + + - + - + -

BelNeb-RR-1 Pse-4, Pse-6 - + + + - + - + -

I9365-31 Race 1 near Pse-6

- + -HR -HR - + + + +

Minuette Race 7 nearPse-6

+ + -HR -HR - + - + +

Rating of 1 = - incompatible, and 2-5 = + compatible (susceptible)

Miklas, Fourie, et al. 2014. New loci including Pse-6 conferring resistance to halo bacterial blight on chromosome Pv04 in common bean. Crop Sci. 54: 2099-2108.

Race7 0.0 BM161 4.3 PVctt001 7.0 SB10 7.2 ss646898 10.1 ss642306 10.7 ss649778 11.1 ss648677 11.8 ss646903 13.2 ss646908 13.5 ss649971 13.8 ss647820 14.2 ss647823 14.9 ss647807 15.5 ss647813 16.6 ss647811 18.7 ss647817 20.8 ss650010 21.5 ss650014 21.9 ss646246 22.6 ss646249 22.9 ss646240 23.6 ss646223 25.3 ss646218 26.4 ss5646216 27.1

ss640555 ss648115 43.9 ss648114 44.2 ss647600 45.6 ss647590 45.9 ss648321 46.6 ss648228 47.3 ss645162 47.7 ss648226 ss648327 48.3 ss641934 ss641932 49.4 ss640046 49.7

Pv04 BM1610.0

PV-ctt0013.3

Race14.4

F18/Em6-2907.4

F18/R11-29010.1

Mapping Pse-6, Race 1, Race 7 BA RIL MO RIL

R31 RIL

HBB: host x pathogen interaction Differential

R-genes

Race 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Canadian Wonder - + + + + + + + + +

ZAA 54 (A52) 4 + + + + - + + + +

Tendergreen 3 + + -HR -HR + + + + +

UI 3 1,4 - + + + - + - + -

P.acutifolius (1072) 2 + - + - - + - + +

ZAA 55 (A53) 3,4 + + -HR -HR - + + + +

ZAA 12 (A43) 2,3,4,5 + - -HR -HR - + - - -

Guatemala 196-B 1,3,4 - + -HR -HR - + - + -

Rating of 1 = - incompatible, and 2-5 = + compatible (susceptible)

Quantitative resistance to HBB

Taylor et al. 1996. Screened 1048 dry bean lines and • 50% had at least one R gene • most common was Pse-3 and Pse-4 • least common was Pse-2 • 1% exhibited quantitative resistance

Duncan et al. 2014. Inheritance of resistance to Race 6 of Psp in Pinto Bean US14HBR6 • Two independent recessive genes

414 ADP lines screened for reaction to Race 6 in the field in three reps, Potch-2014

Fourie, Miklas, Porch, and Talo

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

0 100 200 300 400 500

Dise

ase

scor

e

ADP lines

Screening ADP nursery for Race 6 resistance

Fig 1 and 2. Manhattan and QQ Plot of Genome Wide Association Analysis of Halo Blight Score in Potch, South Africa, 2014

362 ANDEAN ADP LINES; 11,995 SNPS (0.05 MAF); MLM, KINSHIP AND 3 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; Halo Blight DATA: TRANSFOMED TO NATURAL LOG 2; significance via Bonferroni correction (4.17E-06 )

HBB trial Potch 2014, Yield, MLM, 6 PC, 365 genotype, 2663 SNPs 362 Andean ADP lines

Quantitative resistance to HBB (Race 6)

Differential

R-genes

Race

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

CAL 143 ? 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7

Rojo ? + + -HR -HR + + - - +

Table 1. Reaction of the parents Rojo/CAL 143 RIL mapping population (144 RILs) to four races of the pathogen in the GH.

Ratings 2.5 or less but greater than 1 are considered quantitative resistant reactions.

Figure 2. SNP linkage map of chromosome Pv04 depicting QTL conditioning resistance to races 1, 6, 8. Field reaction in Rojo/CAL 143 to Race 6 confirms same QTL.

SNP640712 0.0 SNP639783 5.3 SNP648135 9.1 SNP645076 12.6 SNP639890 13.8 SNP639886 14.3 SNP639704 14.6 SNP640509 15.7 SNP648635 15.9 SNP640686 16.5 SNP639759 17.6 SNP641800 19.4 Race7 36.8 Race8 41.1 SNP644248 47.3 SNP650460 48.4 SNP640418 49.5 SNP649366 53.3 SNP639432 61.3 SNP649371 62.5 SNP647202 64.4 SNP647215 66.0 SNP648592 67.0 SNP648595 68.4 SNP646316 69.8 SNP646332 71.8 SNP646336 72.5 SNP646341 73.5 SNP646346 75.6 SNP650584 76.6 SNP647912 77.0 SNP639212 77.6 SNP645507 78.0 SNP645514 79.8 SNP645524 81.2 SNP645529 82.6 SNP645533 83.4

Pv04

Pv10

HBB resistance genes and QTL

Gene Races Chromosome Mb Markers MAS Pse-1 1, 5, 7, 9 Pv10 11.2 or 41.0 SCARs No Pse-2 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 Pv10 3.5 SCAR Yes Pse-4 5 Pv10 39.6 SNPs No Rojo 7, 8 Pv10 9.8 to 17.7 SNPs No Pse-6 1, 5, 7, 9 Pv04 0.6 SCAR Yes I9365-1 1 Pv04 0.5 SSR No Minuette 7 Pv04 0.2 SNPs No CAL 143 QTL - 1, 6, 8 Pv04 0.5 SNPs No

ADP-AM QTL - 6 Pv05 38.7 SNPs No Pse-3 3, 4 Pv02 48.2 I gene markers Yes

ADP lines resistance to Race 6 – in field for 2 years

ADP line Name Disease

score

ADP-121 Kranskop HR-1 1.0 ADP-126 SELIAN 05 1.0 ADP-125 CHEUPE 1.0 ADP-114 OPS-RS1 1.0 ADP-120 Tygerberg 1.0 ADP-432 PR0637-134 1.0 ADP-0798 KAMIESBERG 1.0 ADP-379 PI 203934 1.0 ADP-118 Werna 1.2 ADP-0797 RS 7 1.2 ADP-123 Jenny 1.2 ADP-728 GCI -LRK-291-RAR 1.2 ADP-716 SUGAR 131 1.3 ADP-454 INIAP 429 1.3 ADP-522 Amarelo, Cela 1.3 ADP-517 Carioca, Kibala 1.3 ADP-122 Kranskop 1.3

ADP line Name Disease

score ADP-730 GCI-CAL-272-AR-2 1.3 ADP-84 KABLANKETI NDEFU 1.5 ADP-276 G 13654 1.5 ADP-592 AND 1005 1.5 ADP-508 Calembe 1.7 ADP-255 G 10994 1.8 ADP-737 KG 27-8 1.8 ADP-80 KABLANKETI 1.8 ADP-740 CIM-RM05-ALS-82 2.0 ADP-526) CAL-143 2.1 ADP-723 KAB 06 F2.8-69 2.2 ADP-461 PI527540-A 2.2 ADP-537 AFR 619 2.3 ADP-572 NUA56 2.5 ADP-736 KG 15-26 2.5 ADP-739 UYOLE 03 2.5 ADP-566 G5686 2.8