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BREATHING AND BREATHING AND BREATHING BREATHING EXERCISEEXERCISE

QURATULAIN MUGHALQURATULAIN MUGHALBATCH 4BATCH 4

ISRA UNIVERSITYISRA UNIVERSITYDOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPYDOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY

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BREATHINGBREATHING

DEFINITION:DEFINITION:

“ “the process that moves air the process that moves air

in and out of the lungsin and out of the lungs

called breathing orcalled breathing or

pulmonary ventilation”pulmonary ventilation”

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Organisms with lungs breathing is also Organisms with lungs breathing is also called ventilation which includes both called ventilation which includes both inhalationinhalation (active process) and exhalation (active process) and exhalation (passive process). (passive process).

Breathing is only one of the processes that Breathing is only one of the processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide body and remove carbon dioxide

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ORGANS THAT INVOLVE IN ORGANS THAT INVOLVE IN BREATHINGBREATHING

NoseNose

TracheaTrachea

BronchiBronchi

BronchiolesBronchioles

Lungs Lungs

Muscles along with diaphragmMuscles along with diaphragm

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NOSENOSE

the beginning of the respiratory tract. the beginning of the respiratory tract.

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FUNCTION OF NOSEFUNCTION OF NOSE

WarmWarm

MoistenMoisten

Filter fine particlesFilter fine particles

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TRACHEATRACHEA

• Tube like structure.Tube like structure.

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FUNCTION OF TRACHAEFUNCTION OF TRACHAE

Responsible for transporting air for Responsible for transporting air for respiration from the larynx to the bronchi. respiration from the larynx to the bronchi.

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DIAPHRAGM

Is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle.Is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle.

It separates the thoracic cavity containing It separates the thoracic cavity containing heart & lungs , from the abdominal cavityheart & lungs , from the abdominal cavity

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LUNGSLUNGS

The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest organs located on either side of the chest (thorax) (thorax)

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BREATHING PROCESSBREATHING PROCESS

Breathing starts at the nose. You inhale air Breathing starts at the nose. You inhale air into your nose, and it travels down the into your nose, and it travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe, back of your throat and into your windpipe, or trachea or trachea trachea then divides into air passages trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes. called bronchial tubes. Bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, Bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divided into smaller air passages they divided into smaller air passages called bronchioles or bronchial tree. called bronchioles or bronchial tree.

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The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli sacs called alveoli

body has over 300 million alveoli.body has over 300 million alveoli.

The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries.tiny blood vessels called capillaries.

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Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the through the alveoli walls and into the blood. blood.

And And carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide passes out of the passes out of the blood into the air in the alveoli. blood into the air in the alveoli.

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WHEN YOU INHALEWHEN YOU INHALE

Nerves from the brain send impulses to Nerves from the brain send impulses to the inspiration and expiration muscles to the inspiration and expiration muscles to contract and relax.contract and relax.

the diaphragm contracts downward which the diaphragm contracts downward which create vacuum in the lungs by the fresh create vacuum in the lungs by the fresh air.air.

The lungs are covered by a thin tissue The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the pleura layer called the pleura

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CONT…CONT…

the thin space between the two pleural the thin space between the two pleural layers is known as the pleural cavity and layers is known as the pleural cavity and normally contains a small amount of normally contains a small amount of pleural fluid which allows the lungs to slip pleural fluid which allows the lungs to slip smoothly as they expand & contract.smoothly as they expand & contract.

The volume of thoracic cavity increases.The volume of thoracic cavity increases.

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MUSCLES OF INSPIRATIONMUSCLES OF INSPIRATION

Diaphragm (primary m/s of inhale)Diaphragm (primary m/s of inhale)

Scalene (elevates 1Scalene (elevates 1stst two ribs) two ribs)

Sternocleidomastoid (elevates sternum)Sternocleidomastoid (elevates sternum)

Serratus anterior( supporting m/s)Serratus anterior( supporting m/s)

External intercostal( moves upward and External intercostal( moves upward and outward)outward)

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WHEN YOU EXHALEWHEN YOU EXHALE

Relaxation of the muscles of inspiration.Relaxation of the muscles of inspiration.

Relaxation of the diaphragm.Relaxation of the diaphragm.

Lungs deflation.Lungs deflation.

Chest cavity is dec. by upward movt. Of Chest cavity is dec. by upward movt. Of diaphragm.diaphragm.

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MUSCLES OF EXPIRATIONMUSCLES OF EXPIRATION

External obliqueExternal oblique

RectoabdominalRectoabdominal

Internal oblique Internal oblique

Transverse abdominal Transverse abdominal

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NORMALLYNORMALLY

A healthy adult breathes in and out about 12 A healthy adult breathes in and out about 12 times per minute (changes with exercise and times per minute (changes with exercise and other factors)other factors)Total lung capacity is about 12.5 pints (6 liters).Total lung capacity is about 12.5 pints (6 liters).humans inhale and exhale about one pint (475 humans inhale and exhale about one pint (475 milliliters) of air in each cycle, but only about milliliters) of air in each cycle, but only about three-quarters of this air reaches the alveoli.three-quarters of this air reaches the alveoli.the lungs always retain about 2.5 pints (1200 the lungs always retain about 2.5 pints (1200 milliliters) of air. This residual air keeps the milliliters) of air. This residual air keeps the alveoli and bronchioles partially filled at all times.alveoli and bronchioles partially filled at all times.

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NAMES OF BREATHING NAMES OF BREATHING EXERCISEEXERCISE

Abdominal BreathingAbdominal BreathingPursed-lipPursed-lipAerobic exercise (also known as cardio)Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) Anaerobic exerciseAnaerobic exercise Side to SideSide to Side Optimal Energy BreathingOptimal Energy Breathing back breathingback breathingScarf BreathingScarf BreathingChild’s PoseChild’s Pose Coordinate breathingCoordinate breathingDeep breathingDeep breathing

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DEEP BREATHINGDEEP BREATHING

Adapting a habit of breathing deeply from Adapting a habit of breathing deeply from your nostril not from your mouth.your nostril not from your mouth.

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Abdominal BreathingAbdominal Breathing

Benefits/Goals:Benefits/Goals: Promotes slower, deeper breathing.Promotes slower, deeper breathing. Finds where you feel more breathing in your Finds where you feel more breathing in your body.body.Helps to hold increases in breathing.Helps to hold increases in breathing.Helps massage and oxygenate kidneys and Helps massage and oxygenate kidneys and adrenals.adrenals. Reduces the tendency to look for more Reduces the tendency to look for more breathing in the high chest and shoulders.breathing in the high chest and shoulders.Shoulders remain lower.Shoulders remain lower.

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Side to SideSide to Side

Benefits/Purposes/Goals:Benefits/Purposes/Goals:Expands side breath  Expands side breath  Stretches and tones the Para-spinal muscles Stretches and tones the Para-spinal muscles (muscles on either side of your spine) and (muscles on either side of your spine) and intercostals (muscles between your ribs.intercostals (muscles between your ribs.Helps to hold increases in breathing.Helps to hold increases in breathing.Helps open Throat Chakra (speaking your truth) Helps open Throat Chakra (speaking your truth) to better express yourself.to better express yourself.Enhanced internal connection with personal Enhanced internal connection with personal power.power.Mildly efficient aerobic exercise.Mildly efficient aerobic exercise.

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REFERENCESREFERENCES

SlideshareSlideshare

http://bcs.whfreeman.comhttp://bcs.whfreeman.com

www.teachpe.comwww.teachpe.com

www.youtube.comwww.youtube.com

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THANKYOUTHANKYOU

ANY QUESTIONS?ANY QUESTIONS?