Skeletal System Lab 6, Axial Skeleton Orange = axial skeleton Yellow = appendicular skeleton.
Breaks & The Axial Skeleton Ch. 5b. Who has ever broken a bone? Do you know what kind of break it...
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Transcript of Breaks & The Axial Skeleton Ch. 5b. Who has ever broken a bone? Do you know what kind of break it...
Bone FracturesBone Fractures
Slide 5.16Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A break in a bone
Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin
Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
Realignment of the bone
Common Types of FracturesCommon Types of Fractures
Slide 5.17Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 5.2
Repair of Bone FracturesRepair of Bone Fractures
Slide 5.18Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Stages in the Healing of a Bone FractureFracture
Slide 5.19Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.5
The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton
Slide 5.20aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Forms the longitudinal part of the body
Three Major Parts
Skull
Vertebral column
Bony thorax
Challenge Problem- keep your lab for this1. You are a forensic scientist. You are called to the
desert to identify a some bones and you identify the forearm bones. The radius measures 9.5” and the hand had 2 small rings on the phalanges. Can you make a guess at the sex and height of the person? Do so if you can.
2. You show up to a grisly crime scene and find a dismembered arm appearing to belong to a man. Skin is still attached it has lots of hair. The radius of the arm measures 12”. Missing person reports show 3 men recently missing. 5’5”, 6’, and 5’8”. Which on do you think it is?
The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton
Slide 5.20bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.6
The SkullThe Skull
Slide 5.21aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Two sets of bones
Cranium
Facial bones
Bones are joined by sutures
Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
The SkullThe Skull
Slide 5.21bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.7
Bones of the SkullBones of the Skull
Slide 5.22Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.11
Skull Bones you have to know…
• Cranial:
• Frontal: forehead
• Parietal: top of head
• Occipital: back of head
• Temporal: on the sides of the head
• Facial:
• Nasal Bone: bony part of your nose
• Mandible: Bottom jaw
• Maxilla: Upper jaw
Quick Quiz
• Point to your Frontal Bone
• Point to your Nasal Bone
• Point to your Mandible
• Point to your temporal Bone
Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses
Slide 5.25aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
Figure 5.10
Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses
Slide 5.25bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Functions of paranasal sinuses Lighten the skull
Give resonance and amplification to voice
Figure 5.10
The Hyoid BoneThe Hyoid Bone
Slide 5.26Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone
Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
Figure 5.12
The Fetal SkullThe Fetal Skull
Slide 5.27aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The fetal skull is large compared to the infants total body length
Figure 5.13
The Fetal SkullThe Fetal Skull
Slide 5.27bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fontanelles – fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
Allow the brain to grow
Convert to bone within 24 months after birth
Figure 5.13
Person in Cardinal Colors
What might happen to an MMA fighter if Ronda Rousey was crushing their hyoid bone?
The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column
Slide 5.28Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs
The spine has a normal curvature
Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location Figure 5.14
Regional Characteristics of Regional Characteristics of VertebraeVertebrae
Slide 5.30aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.17a, b
Regional Characteristics of Regional Characteristics of VertebraeVertebrae
Slide 5.30bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.17c, d
Bones you need to know in the Vertebral Column…
• Cervical Vertebrae: Top 7 vertebrae
• Thoracic Vertebrae: Next 12 vertebrae
• Lumbar Vertebrae: next 5 vertebrae
• Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae at the lower part of the vertebral column
• Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae at the bottom of the vertebral column
Draw the vertebral column
Using the book draw the vertebral column and label the 3 regions and the last two sets of bones.
Quick Quiz
• Where on the vertebral column can you find the Cervical Vertebrae?
• Where on the vertebral column can you find the Coccyx?
• Why is the vertebral column curved?
Challenge Problem
1. An older woman was skiing and wrecked into a tree. The doctors told her she dislocated her shoulder. What bones are involved in a shoulder dislocation?
2. If a bicyclist crashed on his bike and broke ribs that were attached to his sternum, what type of ribs did he break?
The Bony ThoraxThe Bony Thorax
Slide 5.31aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Function: Forms a cage to protect major organs
Figure 5.19a
The Bony ThoraxThe Bony Thorax
Slide 5.31bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Made-up of three parts
Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
Figure 5.19a
Bones you need to know in the Bony Thorax• True Ribs:
• Attach directly to the Sternum, Top 7 ribs
• False Ribs:
• Attach indirectly to the sternum, or don’t attach at all, bottom 5 ribs
• Sternum:
• Center bone of the rib cage
• Xiphoid Process:
• small bone at the bottom of the Sternum