Breaker Failur Protection

8/10/2019 Breaker Failur Protection

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Technology and Solutions

Protection and Substation Automation

ABBSw

itzerlandLtd.-1

BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

Topic:

BREAKERFAILURE

PROTECTIONAPPLICATION

BASICSBASICS


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ABBSw

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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

Topic Objectives

Fault condition in a power grid

Protection zones System behavior in case of breaker failure situation

BFP solutions

BFP application

Objectives


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_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

Busbar

Busbar

L

ine

Trans

former

Generator-

Transformer

BB

Fault Condition in a Power Grid

Protection zones

G


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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

Busbar


Busbar Fault

G


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BBSw

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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW


Busbar Fault

G

- cleared


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BFP

_basics

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Busbar Fault

G

-Breaker Failure - solution

trip command to all

surrounding CBs by

a remote tripping

command

a tripping command via

the intertripping system


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BFP

_basics

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L

ine


Line Fault

G


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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW


Line Fault

G

- cleared


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_basics

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Line Fault

G


trip command to all

surrounding CBs by

a remote tripping

command




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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW T

rans

former


Transformer or Generator - Transformer Fault

G


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_basics

/2002-03-15/RW


G

Transformer or Generator - Transformer Fault - cleared


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BFP

_basics

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Transformer or Generator - Transformer Fault


G


trip command to all

surrounding CBs by

a remote tripping

command




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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

How is it possible to

detect a non operating

circuit breaker (= CircuitBreaker Failure)

???

Breaker Failure Protection Solutions


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ABBSw

itzerlandLtd.-14

BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

1. supervision of the feeder current (withan overcurrent criteria)after a tripping

command

OR

2. supervision of the CB auxiliary contacts

after a tripping commandOR

3. supervision of the feeder current (with

the BBP measurement algorithm)after a

tripping command (only applicable if

the BFP is installed in the BBP system)- BBP unbalancing



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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

feeder

current

t ~ higher than the highest possible CB

opening time + arc extinguish time


solution 1:

t2

~120 ms

re-trip to

faulty CB

(coil 1 & 2)

trip to the

surrounding

CBs by

intertripping &

remote tripping

CB opening

coil

trip to CB from

protection device

BFP

t1

~120 ms

&

I >

the trip from the protection

device is called Starting BFP

!!!


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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW

CB closed

t ~ higher than the highest possible CB

opening time + arc extinguish time


solution 2:

t2

~120 ms

re-trip to

faulty CB

(coil 1 & 2)

trip to the

surroundingCBs by

intertripping &

remote tripping

CB opening

coil

trip to CB from

protection device

t1

~120 ms

&

BFP

the trip from the protection

device is called Starting BFP

!!!


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BFP

_basics

/2002-03-15/RW


solution 3:

re-trip to faulty CB

(coil 1 & 2) &

remote trip

inter-

tripping

CB openingcoil

trip to CB from

protection device x

BFP

CB x

t1

~120 ms

t2

~120 ms

BBP

BFP

CB y

CB xCB y

trip to CB from

protection device y

&BFPlog

ic

feedercurrent

BFP logic

I = 0

IF

I=

IF


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BFP

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An advanced BFP (& BBP)

system offers all 3 solutions!!!

Which solution must be used

for which application

???



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_basics/2002-03-15/RW


standard BFP application (most common used)

for line, transformer, generator, generator- transformer, reactors and

coupler CBs

for all voltage levels and switchgear configurations overcurrent settable independently for all feeders (depending on the

minimum feeder short current)

operation independent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are

a week part of the protection chain)

for single, double and three phase auto- reclosure (tripping), (phase

segregated starting inputs)

for detection of evolving faults (phase segregated timers for t1) remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2

advanced tripredirection functionality in case of CB SF6

underpressure condition

not applicable for very low fault currents (e.g. generator

reverse power function) -> solution 2

Application & features of solution 1:


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BFP

_basics/2002-03-15/RW


solution 1:

re-trip to

faulty CB

(coil 1 & 2)

trip to the

surrounding

CBs by

intertripping

IR

Start R&

I >

1t1

IS

Start S&

I >

1t1

IT

Start T&

I >

1t1

Start RST

1 t2

remote

tripping

Trip

Redirectionset t1 & t2

to 10ms


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BFP

_basics/2002-03-15/RW

advanced trip redirection functionality

remote trippingsettable after t1

or t2

phase segregated timers for the

detection of evolving faults

phasesegregatedstarting

inputsforsingleanddou

ble

poleautoreclosure


solution 1:

re-trip to

faulty CB

(coil 1 & 2)

trip to the

surrounding

CBs by

intertripping

IR

Start R&

I >

1t1

IS

Start S&

I >

1t1

IT

Start T&

I >

1t1

Start RST

1 t2

remote

tripping

Trip

Redirectionset t1 & t2

to 10ms


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BFP

_basics/2002-03-15/RW


applicable for very low fault currents (e.g. generator reverse power

function)

remote tripping signal settable after timer 1 or timer 2

advanced tripredirection functionality in case of CB SF6underpressure condition

very good addition to solution 1

no overcurrent (fault current) supervision

the starting signal must be switch off by the CB OFF aux. contact to

prevent an unwanted trip

operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a

week part of the protection chain) not applicable for single and double phase auto- reclosure (tripping)

not applicable for detection of evolving faults


B k F il P i S l i


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_basics/2002-03-15/RW


solution 2 in addition to solution 1:

re-trip to

faulty CB

(coil 1 & 2)

trip to the

surrounding

CBs by

intertripping

IR

Start R&

I >

1t1

IS

Start S&

I >

1t1

IT

Start T&

I >

1t1

External

Start BFPt1

Start RST

1 t2

remote

tripping

TripRedirection

set t1 & t2to 10ms

B k F il P t ti S l ti


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BFP

_basics/2002-03-15/RW c

urrentindepend

entstartinginput


solution 2 in addition to solution 1:

re-trip to

faulty CB

(coil 1 & 2)

trip to the

surrounding

CBs by

intertripping

IR

Start R&

I >

1t1

IS

Start S&

I >

1t1

IT

Start T&

I >

1t1

External

Start BFPt1

Start RST

1 t2

remote

tripping

TripRedirection

set t1 & t2to 10ms



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BFP

_basics/2002-03-15/RW


applicable as basic BBP coupler functionality for the detection of faultsbetween coupler CB and CT (coupler function - CB reclaim time)

not applicable for line, transformer, generator, generator- transformer,

reactors feeders in HV systems

overcurrent (fault current) supervision depending on the BBP

differential current setting (high short current required)

functionality depending on the BBP

not applicable for single and double phase auto- reclosure (tripping)

not applicable for detection of evolving faults

the starting signal must be switch off by the CB OFF aux. contact to

prevent an unwanted trip to the CB after timer 1 operation dependent on the CB auxiliary contacts (aux. contacts are a

week part of the protection chain)

no tripredirection functionality in case of CB SF6 underpressure

condition

remote tripping signal fixed to timer 1




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BFP

_basics/2002-03-15/RW


Coupler function:

CB opening

coil

Input

Current

signal

CB open

1

t

1

CT bypass

CB

reclaim

time~120ms

IF

trip BBP

Zone 1inter-

tripping

Zone 2

BBP

Zone2

I = 0

I=IF

Zone 2Zone 1

&

Breaker Failure Protection Application


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witzerlandLtd.-27

BFP

_basic

s/2002-03-15/RW


Transformer, Transformer- Generator, Reactor feeder and coupler:

G

IR

Start R&

I >

1t1

IS

Start S&

I >

1t1

IT

Start T&

I >

1t1

External

Start BFP

t1

1

Trip

Redirection

set t1 & t2

to 10ms BFP

CBx

CBx

G/T

Prot.

IT&

IG

(87T&

87G)

R

eversePower(3

2)

Start RST

3 Phase trip

CB closed

aux. contacts



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witzerlandLtd.-28

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_basic

s/2002-03-15/RW

Start RST3 Phase trip

Start R

Start S

Start T

single

Phase trip


Line feeder with single phase auto reclosure:

IR

&

I >

1t1

IS

&

I >

1t1

IT

&

I >

1t1

External

Start BFP

t1

1

Trip

Redirection

set t1 & t2

to 10ms BFP

CBx

CBx

Line

Prot.

OC(51)

Z

Breaker Failur Protection

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