Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural...

40
Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 Dennis Pauschinger [email protected] Dennis Pauschinger

Transcript of Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural...

Page 1: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Brazilian Public Security for Whom?

Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Dennis Pauschinger

Page 2: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Relation to the field

Monte Azul – NGO working in three Favelas in São Paulo/Brazil

Diploma Dissertation – Organized Crime in São Paulo

HSV – Hamburg Football Club– Integration Officer/Team Management

Doctorate in Cultural and Global Criminology– Putting together the pieces of experience and

interest

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 3: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Overview

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

My Research The Brazilian Crime Complex

Culture of Crime

State and Economy of Crime

Networks of Crime Cultural Implications

Page 4: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

My Research The Brazilian Crime Complex

Culture of Crime

State and Economy of Crime

Networks of Crime Cultural Implications

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 5: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Sport Mega EventsA trend towards the global South

Events going from the Global North to the Global South– South Africa (2010)

– Brazil (2014/2016)

– {Russia} (2014/2018)

– Qatar (2022)

Interests

– Governments Prestige, State building, Security Legacy, Economy

– New Markets for the advertising partners

– New Markets for the security industry

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

High expectations for the World Cup

Page 6: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Sport Mega EventsGlobal security with local impacts

Global Security Models of the FIFA and the IOC– Highly standardized

– Military in the urban environments

– Technologies of surveillance

– “Nomads of security”

– Counterterrorism meets Sport Event Security

– Private security corporations in public spaces

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Security at the FIFA World Cup 2010

Page 7: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

But...what if the Circus goes to High-Crime Societies?

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 8: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Main research question

How does the Global Security Model of Sport Mega Events affect the

Brazilian Public Security?

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 9: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

My Research The Brazilian Crime Complex

Culture of Crime

State and Economy of Crime

Networks of Crime Cultural Implications

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 10: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

The Brazilian Crime ComplexElements

Culture of Crime

State of Crime

Economy of Crime

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Brazilian Crime Complex

Page 11: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

My Research The Brazilian Crime Complex

Culture of Crime

State and Economy of Crime

Networks of Crime Cultural Implications

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 12: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Public Security in BrazilSpeaking of what?

Homicides

Armed robberies

Drug traffic

Arms trade

Criminal networks

Urban conflict

State violence

Culture of violence

Human Rights

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Periphery of the city of São Paulo

Page 13: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

The Brazilian security question Homicide Numbers

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

550.000

192.804

76.266

2.247

Angola (1975-2002) Brasilien (2004-2007) Irak (2004-2007) Israel/Palestina(2004-2007)

Comparing with armed conflicts

2011 52.198 homicides 2008 to 2011 206.005 homicides

Source: Mapa da Violência 2012/2013 (Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo)

Page 14: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Culture of CrimeSociety of fear

Trivialization of violence– History, media, politics

Fear structures everyday life– Security as a living standard

– Gated Communities

– Arms in private hands

– Discourse of violence

– Culture of fear

„Fear is the institutional, cultural and psychological repercussion of

violence“ (Koonings; Kruijt 1999)

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Social Inaquality in Morumbi in São Paulo

Page 15: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

My Research The Brazilian Crime Complex

Culture of Crime

State and Economy of Crime

Networks of Crime Cultural Implications

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 16: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

State of CrimeA long history of abuses

Historically grown problem– Transition from the military dictatorship to democracy

– 1985 and 1988 Regime change and introduction of the constitution

– Today: consolidated democracy

Police, justice system, prison system(Permanent refuse of democracy)

Institutionalization and trivialization of violence

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Special Police Unit BOPE in Rio de Janeiro

Page 17: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Economy of CrimeCulturally and socially anchored

Two different markets with different goods: – 1. Economic and illegal goods: drugs, arms, stolen goods

– 2. Political goods: corruption, favours, protection...

“…all goods that use public money or political resources, but produce a

political or an economic exchange value to follow a private purpose…”

Michel Misse

Economy of corruption

= privatization of public goods

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 18: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

My Research The Brazilian Crime Complex

Culture of Crime

State and Economy of Crime

Networks of Crime Cultural Implications

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 19: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Criminal NetworksPrimeiro Comando da Capital (PCC)

PCC and its rise – Control of the prison system (90% in SP), the drug traffic and the arms

trade

– 140.000 in prisons and 500.000 members outside

– Own justice system

– Control of the homicides in the peripheries

– Attacks in 2006 and 2012 and 2014?

– Home grown problem

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Symbol of the PCC PCC attacks on public transportsystem 2006

Page 20: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

My Reseacrh The Brazilian Crime Complex

Culture of Crime

State and Economy of Crime

Networks of Crime Cultural Implications

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 21: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Cultural ImplicationsPublic Security for whom?

Very specific situation in Rio de Janeiro– Symbiosis of favelas and gated communities

– Drug Traffic, Police, Militias territorial conflict

– Huge security investments for the Games

– Pan American Games Promises, Debt, Chaos (Gaffney 2010)

– UPP – Peace Keeping Units of the Military Police – Solution ???

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Police Officers of the new Peace Keeping Police in Rio de Janeiro

Page 22: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Main Hypothesis The global security models for the FIFA

World Cup 2014 will strengthen the militarization of the Brazilian Public Security

and fortify the cultural conditions of violence and social exclusion

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 23: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Security for some, cultural and security legacy for the most!

Those global models retards democratic development!

Promise of an event for all! (?)

Cultural legacy Fortification of the Brazilian Crime Complex!

Luiz Eduardo Soares: „Occupy the police, not the favelas!“

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Electronic votingBrazilian Military occupying a favela

Conclusion

Page 24: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Thank you and obrigado!

Dennis Pauschinger

Erasmus Mundus Doctoral Candidate

University of Kent/University of Hamburg

[email protected]

[email protected]

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 25: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Networks of CrimeThreat to democracy

New league of crime – Highly organized– Power of control

Rio de Janeiro– Diffuse conflict

São Paulo – Monopolized conflict

„dangerous connections“

31.10.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Burned public bus after a series of attacks 2006

Page 26: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Organisierte KriminalitätPCC – Macht über Staat und Gesellschaft

Eigenes Justizsystem– Gilt in vielen Regionen und funktioniert

– Es ist nicht selektiv

– Vertrauensverlust in Staat stärkt PCC

Effekte:– Stabilität in den Peripherien

– Monopol auf Drogen- und Waffenmarkt

– Allgemein gültige Regeln

– Senkung der Mordraten

– Organisation der Morde

24.09.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 27: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitStrafvollzug und Justiz

Untereinheit des Justizministeriums– 2012: 549.577 Insassen (288,14/100.000 Einwohner)

– Seit vielen Jahren ernstes Problem (2012 UNO)

– Politisch „heiße Kartoffel“

Menschenrechtswidrige Bedingungen

– Überfüllung Platz Defizit von 198.000

– Folter statt Resozialisierung

– Kriminalität in den Gefängnissen

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Überfülltes Gefängnis

Page 28: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Organisierte KriminalitätMai 2006 – Tage der Gewalt

Vom 12. – 15. Mai: Anschläge des PCC – 300 Angriffe allein in der Stadt São Paulo

– Simultane Rebellionen in Haftanstalten

– Rachefeldzug der Militärpolizei

– Zwischen 12. und 21. Mai 564 Tote (59 Beamte, 505 Zivilisten)

Lahmgelegte Wirtschaftsmetropole – 200 Kilometer Stau

– Keine Transportmittel

– Firmen schicken Angestellte nach Hause

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Rebellion im Gefängnis

15.5.2006, Av.Paulista 21 Uhr

Page 29: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Sport Mega EventsSituation in Brasilien

Versprechen: Ein Event für alle!

Direkte Konsequenzen für die Innere Sicherheit Sicherheit– Neue Sondersekretariate im Justizministerium

– FIFA verlangt Leistungen privater Sicherheitsfirmen

– FIFA baut „Parallelstaat“ auf

– Massive Überwachung

– Zwangsräumungen

– Verfassungswidrige Gesetze

24.09.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 30: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Organisierte KriminalitätBilanz der Maitage

Politisches Chaos, politischer Konflikt

300 Angriffe allein in der Stadt São Paulo– 17 Banken, 82 Busse demoliert oder verbrannt

Rachefeldzug der Militärpolizei, gezielte Exekutionen

Zwischen 12. und 21. Mai 564 Tote– 59 Beamte, 505 Zivilisten

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 31: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Police Special units – long history of abuses

BOPE

ROTA

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 32: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitSão Paulo als Global City – Wandel auf dem Arbeitsmarkt

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Finanzströme

Bankensektor

Tor zur Welt

Funktion der Stadt in innerhalb einer globalen Wirtschaft

Brücke in der Nähe der Deutschen Bank

Zentrum von São Paulo Av. Paulista, Dreh- und Angelpunkt der Finanzwelt

Page 33: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitJugend

Perspektivlosigkeit

Attraktivität des Drogenhandels

400.000 Jugendliche in der Süd Zone

„Youth living in such areas are recruited by drug dealers to join in the trade

because they have criminal impunity, they are cheaper labor than adults, and are more daring and willing to take risks.“ (Cardia 2000, 9)

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Jugendliche werden von der Militärpolizei kontrolliert

Page 34: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitSchusswaffen (Small Arms)

15,2 Mio. Schusswaffen in privater Hand– 6,8 Mio. registriert, 8,5 Mio. nicht

– 3,8 Mio. in den Händen von Kriminellen

– Liberale nationale Gesetzgebung – Eigene, starke Lobby

2010: 36.792 Morde mit Schusswaffen

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Sichergestellte Waffen Waffenmodelle von Forja Taurus

Page 35: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitPolizei

Polícia Federal

Polícia Militar

Polícia Civil

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 36: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitStrafvollzug und Justiz

Untereinheit des Justizministeriums– 2012: 549.577 Insassen (288,14/100.000 Einwohner)

– Seit vielen Jahren ernstes Problem (2012 UNO)

– Politisch „heiße Kartoffel“

Menschenrechtswidrige Bedingungen

– Überfüllung Platz Defizit von 198.000

– Folter statt Resozialisierung

– Kriminalität in den Gefängnissen

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Überfülltes Gefängnis

Page 37: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitDer Fall Carandiru

Größtes Gefängnis Lateinamerikas– 1960: Erbaut für 3.250 Insassen

– 1992: 7.100 Insassen

– 2. Oktober 1992: Massaker nach Revolte im Pavillon 9

– Militärpolizei stürmt das Gebäude 111 Tote

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Szene aus dem Film „Carandiru“ Insasse mit Schild der inoffiziellen Anzahl der Toten

Page 38: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitDemokratie in Brasilien

„In fact, this event reveals a great deal about the paradoxicalcharacter of a society in which democratic institutions and abusive repressive practices coexist“. (Caldeira 2001, 176)

25.04.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Page 39: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Status quo der Sicherheitsfrage Zahlen

24.09.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

1980 13.910 1990 31.989 2000 45.360 2010 49.932 2011 52.198

Mordrate von 27,4 oder:143 Morde pro Tag

Opfer: Jugendliche zwischen 15 und 24, afro-brasilianisch,männlich, arm, Favela/Peripherie

Quelle: Mapa da Violência 2012 und 2013 (Waiselfiz, Julio Jacobo)

Page 40: Brazilian Public Security for Whom? - Play the Game · Brazilian Public Security for Whom? Cultural Implications of the Global Security Models at the World Cup 2014 31.10.2013 ...

Gewalt und SicherheitSchlüsselelemente für die Probleme

Polizei – institutionalisierte Gewalt

Justiz – Straffreiheit, Selektiv, Überfordert

Strafvollzug – Überfüllung

Globalisierung/Global Cities – Arbeitsmarkt

Jugend ohne Perspektive

Drogenhandel

Kleinwaffen

Soziale Ungleichheit/Ausgrenzung

Lange Tradition der Banalisierung der Gewalt

24.09.2013Dennis Pauschinger [email protected]

Spezialeinheit der Militär Polizei in SP (ROTA)