Brain Gate ppt
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Transcript of Brain Gate ppt
SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Roll No 307104
Exam No T80238512
Name NEHA.P.BHAVSAR
Seminar Presentation
On
BRAIN GATE
by
Guide
Prof.G.R.Pathak
08/04/2023
CONTENTS
BRAIN GATE1
MOTIVATION
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE SURVEY
OBJECTIVE
HISTORY OF BRAINGATE
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
PRINCIPLE OF BRAIN GATE
WORKING
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
MOTIVATION
I chose this topic so as to understand the concept of
brain computer interface .
New technology which shows the communication
between the computer and the human brain on the
basis of thoughts.
Turning thoughts into action.
BRAIN GATE 2
INTRODUCTION
Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by
the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in
conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at
Brown University.
It is often called as brain–computer interface (BCI)
or mind-machine interface (MMI), or sometimes called
a direct neural interface .
3BRAIN GATE
LITERATURE SURVEY
In reviewing the literature it is noted that, “Some chose to
develop devices that could be steered by brain waves detected
outside the head.
Past research has included the implantation of electrodes into
monkeys for activities such as controlling robotic arms.
The electrodes intercept signals from individual neurons in the
brain and a specially developed computer algorithm translated
these signals into trajectories and velocities for the computer
cursor.
BRAIN GATE 4
BRAIN GATE 5
Neuroscience milestone—A 58-year-old Massachusetts woman
who suffered a paralyzing brainstem stroke 15 years ago while
working in her garden was able to serve herself coffee using the
BrainGate system and a robotic arm.
OBJECTIVE
The device was designed to help those who have lost
control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such
as patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)
or spinal cord injury.
Brain Gate's mission is to further the advancement
of this life-changing technology to help impaired
individuals better communicate and interact.
6BRAIN GATE
HISTORY OF BRAINGATE
One of the key early innovations for BrainGate came
from Dr. Donald Humphrey of Emory University.
Shortly thereafter, a Brown University spin-off called
Cyber kinetics was formed to turn a collection of
laboratory tests into set of clinical trials for the first-
generation neural interface system the result was the
BrainGate Neural Interface System.
7BRAIN GATE
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
A brain computer interface (BCI), often called a mind-
machine interface (MMI) is a direct communication
pathway between the brain and an external device.
The history of BCI starts with Hans Berger’s discovery
of the electrical activity of the development of
electroencephalography(EEG)
Berger's first recording device was very rudimentary.
8BRAIN GATE
COMPONENTS OF BCI
All BCIs have at least four components:
1) Signal Acquisition
2) Feature Extraction
3) Translation Algorithm
4) Operating Environment
9BRAIN GATE
10BRAIN GATE
CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATIVE PATHWAY OF BCI
One Way BCI: Computers either accept commands from
the brain or send signals to it but not both.
Two Way BCI: Brains and external devices can exchange
information in both directions but have yet to be
successfully implanted in animals or humans
11BRAIN GATE
TYPES OF BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
Invasive BCI
Partially Invasive BCI
Non Invasive BCI
12BRAIN GATE
COMPONENTS OF BRAIN GATE
The chip
The connector
The converter
The computer
13BRAIN GATE
14BRAIN GATE
PRINCIPLE OF BRAIN GATE
The principle of operation of the Brain Gate Neural
Interface System is that with intact brain function,
neural signals are generated even though they are not
sent to the arms, hands and legs.
These signals are interpreted by the System and a
cursor is shown to the user on a computer screen that
provides an alternate "Brain Gate pathway".
The user can use that cursor to control the computer,
just as a mouse is used.
15BRAIN GATE
WORKING
The sensor of the size of a contact lens is implanted in
brain which control hand and arm movements.
A tiny wire connects the chip to a small pedestal secured
in the scull. A cable connects the pedestal to a computer.
16BRAIN GATE
BRAIN GATE 17
SIGNAL BY THE
NEURON CHIP
CONVERSION TO OPTICAL
DATA
DETECTION AND TRANSLATION
BY THE COMPUTER
SENDS THE TRANSLATED DATA TO THE
EXTERNAL DEVICE
BIOLOGICAL FEEDBACK
WORKING FLOW
WORKING
18BRAIN GATE
SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAIN GATE
Software is necessary for transmission of the signals from
the chip implanted on the brain to the machine and for
decoding these signals and to convert it to corresponding
action by the machine.
Algorithms are written in languages like C, Java and
MATLAB.
The software has three operating modes and they are
Simulation, Recording and Training.
19BRAIN GATE
BRAIN GATE RESEARCH IN ANIMALS
At first, rats were implanted with BCI.
Signals recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat to
operate BCI to carry out the movement.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had
demonstrated on a monkey that can feed itself with a robotic
arm simply by using signals from its brain.
20BRAIN GATE
APPLICATIONS
In classification of EEG signal.
In multimedia communication.
In evaluation of spike detection algorithms.
Actuated control of mobile robot by human EEG.
As a brain controlled switch for asynchronous control.
In evaluating the machine learning algorithms.
21BRAIN GATE
ADVANTAGES
Connecting directly to the part of the brain that controls
hand movement and gestures.
Controlling remote devices .
Making and receiving telephone calls.
Turn on or off the lights .
Control robotic arm.
Watch and control television
Locking or unlocking doors.
22BRAIN GATE
DISADVANTAGES
Expensive
Risky Surgery
Not Wireless yet
Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
Limitation in information transform rate. The latest
technology is 20 bits/min.
23BRAIN GATE
CONCLUSION
The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in medical
field that people who are paralyzed will one day be able to
independently operate artificial limbs, computers or
wheelchairs.
The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by
manual control, but by mere “thinking” has been a
fascinated approach.
24BRAIN GATE
THANK YOU