BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ARTIFICIAL

BRAIN: INTERFACING MICROELECTRONICS AND THE

HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEMMapúa Institute of Technology // 4th term, SY 2013-2014 // BIO20-1/A7

Rigor, Lady Krista V. // YANG, Reth Jeron H.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Definition of Terms

Human Visual System

Brain Computer Interface

Artificial Brain

Summary

Final quote

Download links

INTRODUCTION

Biology TechnologyBiotechnology Human Eye

Brain Computer Interface

Artificial Brain

Microelectronics

Brain Computer Interface

and Artificial Brain:

Interfacing

Microelectronics and the

Human Visual System

DEFINITION OF TERMS

biotechnology

technology based on biology

harnesses cellular and biomolecularprocesses to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet

used in diseases, environmental footprint, food, energy, and industrial manufacturing processes

DEFINITION OF TERMS

interface

shared boundary or connection between two dissimilar objects, devices or systems through which information is passed

the physical boundary between two subsystems or devices

a part or circuit in some subsystem that sends or receives signals to or from other systems or subsystems

DEFINITION OF TERMS

electronics

a branch of physics that deals with the emission, behavior, and effects of electrons and with electronic devices

semiconductors: diodes, transistors

microelectronics

study and manufacture of very small electronic designs and components

ICs

HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: HOW DO WE SEE?

1. Light is focused primarily by the cornea.

2. The iris controls the amount of light reaching the back of the eye by automatically adjusting the size of the pupil.

3. The eye's crystalline lens is located directly behind the pupil and further focuses light. This lens helps the eye automatically focus on near and approaching objects.

4. The light reaches the retina which converts optical images into electronic signals.

5. The optic nerve then transmits these signals to the visual cortex the part of the brain that controls our sense of sight.

HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: SENDING THE SIGNAL

1. Optic nerve

HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM: SENDING THE SIGNAL

1. Optic nerve

2. Optic chiasm

3. Optic tract

4. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

5. Optic radiation

6. Visual cortex

BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE AND ARTIFICIAL BRAIN

BRAIN COMPUTER

INTERFACE

Introduction

Description

Process

Types of BCI

Bionic Eye

Video

BCI: INTRODUCTION

BCI is a system for controlling a device such as computer by human intention which does not

output pathway of peripheral nerves and muscle.

BCI: DESCRIPTION

It is the process of interacting between human brain and machines such as computer

Allow disabled patients to control a computer by conscious changes of brain activity

Provide a means of communication to completely paralyzed person

Can be used to control or select

BCI: PROCESS

TYPES OF BCI

invasive

implant electrodes directly onto a

non-invasive

scanning devices that read brain signal

BIONIC EYE

The first advanced prototype:

contains 98 electrodes

is capable of allowing patient to distinguish light and dark

can help patient navigate around large objects

could improve the quality of life for the patients with severe mobility and light perception issues

BIONIC EYE

ARTIFICIAL BRAIN

Description

Neuromorphic Hardware

Neural network simulation

Related Research

Other projects

Implications

AB: DESCRIPTION

also called artificial mind and artificial general intelligence (strong AI)

used to describe research that aims to develop software and hardware with cognitive abilities similar to those of the animal or human brain

According to Markram and Kurzweil, the whole brain simulation could be completed around 2020

NEUROMORPHIC HARDWARE

DARPA SyNAPSE Program

Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics

an electronic microprocessor system that matches a mammalian brain in function, size, and power consumption

a digital neurosynaptic core is used to process neurons

memristor chip is used for simultaneous memory storage and logic processing

NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION

Blue Brain Project

attempt to reverse engineer the human brain and recreate it at the cellular level inside a computer simulation

goal: to gain a complete understanding of the brain and to enable better and faster development of brain disease treatments

may exceed human intellectual capacity by around 2015

we will be able to download the human brain at some time around 2050

NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATION

Blue Brain Project

data is acquired by taking brain slices, placing them under microscope, and taking needed measurements

typed by morphology/shape, electrophysiological behaviour, location within the cortex, and their population density

observations are translated to algorithms

simulation by NEURON

visualization by RTNeuron

Blue Gene/P supercomputer

RELATED RESEARCH

Google X

secretive part of Google that experiments with ambitious future technologies

thought to include projects relating to artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics

co-founders of Google both said that their ultimate aim is for Google Search to become AI-complete

Google Glass, driverless car, Majel (virtual assistant in Android phones like Siri)

OTHER PROJECTS

Neuromorphic hardware

SpiNNaker Machine, BrainScaleS project, CogniMem, Brain Corporation, Neurogrid, Biomimetric Real-time Cortex (BioRC), MIT's Silicon Synapse, Intel's neuromorphic hardware

Neural network simulation

Spaun, DigiCortex, OpenWorm, IBM Neural Simulator, Synthetic Cognition at LANL

Related research

Vicarious, OpenCog, MoNETA, Neurona@Home, Russia2045

IMPLICATIONS

Two things can only happen:

Quality of life will be greatly improved

Robots might take over the world

SUMMARY

Biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet.

processes before we can see using our eyes.

BCI using signals from the brain. Bionic eye is created using BCI.

There are still ongoing projects on forming artificial brain. Once completed, it could either be constructive or destructive to human life.

FINAL QUOTE

Everything we do, every thought we've

ever had, is produced by the human

brain. But exactly how it operates

remains one of the biggest unsolved

mysteries, and it seems the more we

probe its secrets, the more surprises we

find.

Neil deGrasse Tyson

DOWNLOAD THIS PRESENTATION!

http://slideshare.net/ellekaie

http://tinyurl.com/bio201-bci-ab

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