Bracketology - WordPress.com€¦ · Discuss on Social Media with #NephMadness. Fill out your...

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AJKDblog. org Bracketology Slides prepared by the NephMadness executive planning team

Transcript of Bracketology - WordPress.com€¦ · Discuss on Social Media with #NephMadness. Fill out your...

Page 1: Bracketology - WordPress.com€¦ · Discuss on Social Media with #NephMadness. Fill out your bracket 31 decisions 2,147,483,648 possible bracket combinations. Each round decided

AJKDb log . o rg

B r a c k e t o l o g y

Slides prepared by the NephMadness executive

planning team

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R e a d t h e r e g i o n p o s t s a t

AJKDblog.org

NephMadness.comT h i s w i l l r e d i r e c t

t o t h e T o u r n e y t o p i ab r a c k e t s i t e

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Reg i s t e r f o r t he game

Subm i t you r p i c ks by f i l l i n g ou t you r b r acke t

D i scuss on Soc i a l Med i a w i t h #NephMadness

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Fi l l out your bracket

31 decis ions

2,147,483,648 poss ib le bracket combinat ions

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Each round decided by votesf rom Blue R ibbon Panel

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Hype r t e n s i o n

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U S G u i d e l i n e s

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U S G u i d e l i n e s• H T N d e f i n e d a s > 1 3 0 / 8 0

• SPRINT subgroup of eGFR < 60 ml/min (28% of cohort) had same CV and mortality benefit at overall population

• R e c o m m e n d s g o a l o f < 1 3 0 / 8 0 m m H g i n C K D , r e g a r d l e s s o f a l b u m i n u r i a

• A C E - I f i r s t l i n e ( A R B i f n o t t o l e r a t e d ) i f G F R < 6 0 m l / m i n o r a l b u m i n u r i a

• I n k i d n e y t r a n s p l a n t s , g o a l B P < 1 3 0 / 8 0 , u s e C C B s b a s e d o n b e t t e r k i d n e y s u r v i v a l d a t a

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E U G u i d e l i n e s

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E U G u i d e l i n e s

• > 1 4 0 / 9 0 ( o r > 1 6 0 / 9 0 i f a g e d 8 0 o r m o r e )

• G r e a t e r e m p h a s i s o n u s e o f a m b u l a t o r y r e a d i n g s

• R A S b l o c k e r ( e i t h e r A C E - I o r A R B ) f o r C K D , a n d t o c o u p l e w i t h d i u r e t i c o r C C B a s i n i t i a l t h e r a p y

• R e c o m m e n d a “ f l o o r ” b l o o d p r e s s u r e , t o n o t g o b e l o w S B P o f 1 2 0 m m H g

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E U G u i d e l i n e s

U S G u i d e l i n e s

Pick One

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H y p e r a l d o D i a g n o s i s

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H y p e r a l d o D i a g n o s i s

• S c r e e n i n g c r i t e r i a – r e s i s t a n t H T N , h y p o k a l e m i a , i n c i d e n t a l o m a , f a m i l y h i s t o r y

• C h e c k p l a s m a r e n i n a c t i v i t y ( P R A ) a n d s e r u m a l d o l e v e l s

• D i r e c t r e n i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( D R C ) m a y b e b e t t e r m e a s u r e m e n t . M e a s u r e s r e n i n m a s s . P R A d o e s n o t a c t u a l l y m e a s u r e l e v e l , b u t a s p e e d o f e n z y m e c o n v e r s i o n ( a n g i o t e n s i n o g e n t o a n g i o t e n s i n I )

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N e x t s t e p s ?

• L o c a l i z a t i o n - C T s c a n o v e r a d r e n a l v e i n s a m p l i n g f o r s i m p l i c i t y , u n i v e r s a l a v a i l a b i l i t y

• G e n e t i c s – m o r e b e i n g d e s c r i b e d . e . g . K C N J 5 m u t a t i o n s ( i n c r e a s e d N a c o n d u c t a n c e l e a d s t o C a e n t r y , s i g n a l s c e l l p r o l i f e r a t i o n a n d a l d o s t e r o n e p r o d u c t i o n )

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H y p e r a l d o T r e a t m e n t

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H y p e r a l d o T r e a t m e n t

• S u r g i c a l v s m e d i c a l . S u r g i c a l a p p r o a c h o n l y i f t h e r e i s u n i l a t e r a l a l d o - p r o d u c i n g a d e n o m a .

• M i n e r a l o c o r t i c o i d a n t a g o n i s t s e f f e c t i v e , e v e n i f d x i s n o t a s l a m d u n k

• R e m e m b e r t h o u g h , c a n c a u s e s p o t t i n g , b r e a s t t e n d e r n e s s , g y n e c o m a s t i a , s e x u a l d y s f u n c t i o n , a n d a r e t e r a t o g e n i c

• E p l e r e n o n e ( c o m p a r e d t o s p i r o ) i s l e s s p o t e n t , m o r e e x p e n s i v e , l e s s l i k e l y t o b e c o v e r e d b y i n s u r a n c e , a n d o f t e n n e e d s B I D d o s i n g t o b e e f f e c t i v e

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B P f o r K i d n e y P r o t e c t i o n

Pick One

H y p e r a l d o D i a g n o s i s

H y p e r a l d o T r e a t m e n t

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H y p e r a l d o D i a g n o s i s

E U G u i d e l i n e s

Now pick your Hypertension Champion

U S G u i d e l i n e s

H y p e r a l d o T r e a t m e n t

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E x e r c i s e N e p h r o l o g y

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A t h l e t e s o n D i a l y s i s

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A t h l e t e s o n D i a l y s i s

• D i a l y s i s – e n f o r c e d s e d e n t a r y t i m e , d i a l y s i s f a t i g u e , a s s o c i a t e d c o - m o r b i d i t i e s c a n p r e c l u d e p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y

• I n t r a d i a l y t i c e x e r c i s e – e . g . m o d i f i e d b i k e d u r i n g t r e a t m e n t . C o n v e n i e n t , u s e s t i m e a l r e a d y t i e d t o m a c h i n e , m o n i t o r e d a d h e r e n c e

• I n t e r d i a l y t i c e x e r c i s e – b e t t e r c a r d i o p u l m o n a r y b e n e f i t , b u t l o w e r a d h e r e n c e

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A t h l e t e s o n D i a l y s i s

• B o t h a e r o b i c a n d r e s i s t a n c e t r a i n i n g h a v e s h o w n i m p r o v e m e n t s i n w e i g h t , Q O L , a n d e v e n i n f l a m m a t o r y m a r k e r s l i k e C R P

• M o r e m o d e s t b e n e f i t s w h e n i t c o m e s t o h a r d e r o u t c o m e s l i k e L V E F , v a s c u l a r c a l c i f i c a t i o n , a n d n o d a t a o n m o r t a l i t y

• T a k e a w a y – w e t y p i c a l l y d o n ’ t t a l k t o o u r p a t i e n t s a b o u t t h i s , b u t m a y b e w e s h o u l d s t a r t !

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A t h l e t e s w i t h T r a n s p l a n t

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A t h l e t e s w i t h T r a n s p l a n t s

• L e s s w e l l s t u d i e d t h a n d i a l y s i s . S i m i l a r i s s u e s w i t h d i a l y s i s r e : c o m o r b i d i t i e s , b u t s o m e p a t i e n t s f e a r h a r m i n g t h e i r t r a n s p l a n t e d k i d n e y b y e x e r c i s i n g .

• S m a l l s t u d i e s - e x e r c i s e i m p r o v e s Q O L m a r k e r s b u t d o e s n o t i m p r o v e g r a f t f u n c t i o n . H o w e v e r , i t d o e s l e a d t o w e i g h t l o s s , w h i c h i s l i n k e d t o g r a f t s u r v i v a l .

• N o s a f e t y s i g n a l s t h a t i n d i c a t e e x e r c i s e i s h a r m f u l

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Pick One

A t h l e t e s o n D i a l y s i s

A t h l e t e s w i t h T r a n s p l a n t s

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E x e r c i s e N e p h r o t o x i c i t y

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E x e r c i s e N e p h r o t o x i c i t y

• E x e r c i s e - i n d u c e d r h a b d o – c o n s i d e r u n d e r l y i n g g e n e t i c m u s c l e d i s o r d e r s , m y o p a t h i e s , o r e v e n m o r e c o m m o n d i s e a s e s l i k e s i c k l e c e l l t r a i t

• M a r a t h o n h y p o n a t r e m i a – e x c e s s i v e w a t e r i n g e s t i o n , A D H r e l e a s e f r o m p a i n + / - s o d i u m l o s s i n s w e a t ( m i n i m a l )

• M a r a t h o n A K I – m a r k e r s p r e s e n t e v e n i n e x p e r i e n c e d r u n n e r s , a l t h o u g h t h e s e s e l f - r e s o l v e d

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S u b s t a n c e N e p h r o t o x i c i t y

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S u b s t a n c e N e p h r o t o x i c i t y

• A n a b o l i c s t e r o i d s – p o s t - a d a p t i v e F S G S , m a n y w i t h s e v e r e

i n t e r s t i t i a l f i b r o s i s a n d t u b u l a r a t r o p h y

• C l e n b u t e r o l - i n d u c e d r h a b d o – u s e d a s b r o n c h o d i l a t o r b y v e t s ,

b u t c a n c a u s e l i p o l y s i s s i m i l a r t o s t e r o i d s . C a s e r e p o r t s o f

r h a b d o

• C r e a t i n e s u p p l e m e n t s / p r o t e i n i n t a k e – l i n k e d t o A K I a n d A T N i n

s e v e r a l c a s e s e r i e s , s o m e t i m e s i n t e r m i x e d w i t h a n a b o l i c s t e r o i d s

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Pick One

S t o p p i n g D i a l y s i s

E x e r c i s e N e p h r o t o x i c i t y

S u b s t a n c e N e p h r o t o x i c i t y

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Now pick your Exercise Nephrology Champion

A t h l e t e s o n D i a l y s i s

E x e r c i s eN e p h r o t o x i c i t y

A t h l e t e s w i t h T r a n s p l a n t

S u b s t a n c e N e p h r o t o x i c i t y

Now pick your Exercise Nephrology Champion

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H o s p i t a l i s t N e p h r o l o g y

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P e r i o p e r a t i v e A C E - I

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P e r i o p e r a t i v e A C E - I

• Q u e s t i o n – i s t h e r e a n e e d t o h o l d A C E i o r A R B s

p r i o r t o , o r i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r , s u r g e r y ?

• A b o u t 1 / 3 o f p a t i e n t s a r e o n t h e s e m e d i c a t i o n s

p r e o p e r a t i v e l y .

• W i d e v a r i a b i l i t y a m o n g s t c l i n i c i a n s r e g a r d i n g

t h i s q u e s t i o n , n o g u i d e l i n e s r e a l l y e x i s t

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P e r i o p e r a t i v e A C E - I

• L a r g e m e t a - a n a l y s i s i n n o n - c a r d i a c s u r g e r y

• No mortality difference between holding or continuing ACE-I/ARB

• Intraoperative hypotension increased in continued group

• No meaningful data on CV events, mortality in a small RCT, but it did confirm the lower BP if ACE-I continued

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P e r i o p e r a t i v e A C E - I

• R C T l o o k i n g a t c a r d i a c s u r g e r y ( C A B G o r v a l v e )

• N o d i f f e r e n c e i n A K I , s t r o k e s , o r m o r t a l i t y

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P R N H y d r a l a z i n e

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P R N H y d r a l a z i n e• Q u e s t i o n – w h a t a r e w e t r e a t i n g w h e n w e o r d e r t h i s , a n d w h a t i s o u r

t h r e s h o l d f o r p u l l i n g t h e t r i g g e r ?

• A c u t e , r a t h e r t h a n c h r o n i c t r e a t m e n t . R e m e m b e r t h i s i s n o t t r e a t m e n t o f h y p e r t e n s i v e e m e r g e n c y w h i c h i m p l i e s e n d - o r g a n d a m a g e

• O n e s t u d y s h o w e d t h a t w h e n c a l l e d f o r P R N m e d s f o r B P , 4 0 % o f p r o v i d e r s p r e s c r i b e d , a n d o n l y 7 . 5 % o f t h e p a t i e n t s w e r e e v a l u a t e d . W e a r e a l l p r o b a b l y g u i l t y o f t h i s , b u t w e a r e j u s t t r e a t i n g a n u m b e r , r i g h t ?

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P R N H y d r a l a z i n e• O u t p a t i e n t s w i t h m e a n B P 1 8 2 / 9 6 s h o w e d t h a t

s e n d i n g t o E D v s h o m e l e d t o n o d i f f e r e n c e i n c a r d i a c e v e n t s .

• N o e v i d e n c e t o s u g g e s t t h a t l o w e r i n g B P i n a c u t e s e t t i n g w i t h o u t e n d - o r g a n d a m a g e i s b e n e f i c i a l . M a y a c t u a l l y b e h a r m f u l d u e t o s i g n i f i c a n t B P d r o p s .

• T a k e a w a y – T h i s i s a n i s s u e w h e r e a l l h e a l t h c a r e p r o v i d e r s n e e d m o r e a w a r e n e s s , a n d i f w e ’ r e g o i n g t o t r e a t a n u m b e r , w e s h o u l d s e e t h e p a t i e n t .

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Pick One

P e r i o p e r a t i v e A C E - I

P R N H y d r a l a z i n e

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L a c t a t e d R i n g e r ’ s

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L a c t a t e d R i n g e r ’ s

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L a c t a t e d R i n g e r ’ s

• C r y s t a l l o i d s a t l e a s t a s g o o d , i f n o t b e t t e r t h a n c o l l o i d f o r r e s u s c i t a t i o n . C e r t a i n l y c h e a p e r , s o t h e y a r e t h e s t a n d a r d .

• C r y s t a l l o i d s – b a l a n c e d s o l u t i o n s ( e . g . L R , P l a s m a l y t e ) h a v e e l e c t r o l y t e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s c l o s e t o E C F .

• N S i s h y p e r c h l o r e m i c c o m p a r e d t o p l a s m a , w h i c h c a n d r o p M A P , l o w e r p H , a n d c a u s e s k i d n e y d y s f u n c t i o n d u e t o c h l o r i d e d e l i v e r y t o m a c u l a d e n s a à T G f e e d b a c k a n d v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n

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N o r m a l S a l i n e

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N o r m a l S a l i n e

• O n l y h a s s o d i u m a n d c h l o r i d e . N o i s s u e s w i t h h y p e r k a l e m i a ( L R c o n c e n t r a t i o n 4 m E q / L ) .

• P r e v i o u s s t u d i e s ( S P L I T , S A L T ) s h o w e d n o d i f f e r e n c e i n I C U s e t t i n g s c o m p a r i n g N S t o b a l a n c e d s o l u t i o n s .

• S o m e s i t u a t i o n s m a k e N S m o r e i n t u i t i v e – e . g . e l e v a t e d I C P , a s N S i s s l i g h t l y h y p e r o s m o l a r , h y p o c h l o r e m i cm e t a b o l i c a l k a l o s i s

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Pick One

N o r m a l S a l i n e

L a c t a t e d R i n g e r ’ s

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Now pick your Hospitalist Nephrology Champion

L a c t a t e d R i n g e r s N o r m a l S a l i n e

P e r i o p e r a t i v e A C E - I P R N H y d r a l a z i n e

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Pa i n

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Op i a t e s

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O p i a t e s• O p i a t e m e t a b o l i t e s a r e i m p o r t a n t f o r C K D . M o r p h i n e a n d c o d e i n e

s h o u l d b e a v o i d e d d u e t o m e t a b o l i s m t o M 3 G a n d M 6 G .

• M e t a b o l i t e i s s u e n o t s e e n w i t h h y d r o c o d o n e , h y d r o m o r p h o n e , o x y c o d o n e , f e n t a n y l . H o w e v e r , t h e s e a r e v e r y p o w e r f u l d r u g s e v e n w i t h o u t t o x i c m e t a b o l i t e s .

• P R O S – t h e s e d r u g s a r e e f f e c t i v e f o r s e v e r e p a i n

• C O N – a d d i c t i o n , f u e l i n g t h e o p i o i d e p i d e m i c ? M o r e f a l l s a n d a l t e r e d m e n t a l s t a t u s

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NSA ID s

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N S A I D s

• N S A I D s h a v e a b a d r e p u t a t i o n i n n e p h r o l o g y – h e m o d y n a m i c e f f e c t s , i n t e r s t i t i a l n e p h r i t i s , e v e n n e p h r o t i c s y n d r o m e .

• H o w e v e r , t h e s e d o n o t a p p l y t o a n a n u r i c d i a l y s i s p a t i e n t . T h e y a l s o m a y s y n e r g i z e w i t h o p i o i d s , a l l o w i n g f o r l o w e r d o s e s t o g a i n p a i n c o n t r o l .

• T h e r e i s h i g h e r C K D r i s k w i t h N S A I D u s e , a l t h o u g h s i g n a l o f h a r m w i t h o c c a s i o n a l u s e n o t a s s t r o n g

• T o p i c a l N S A I D s a l l o w l o c a l d e l i v e r y w i t h o u t s y s t e m i c a b s o r p t i o n

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B P f o r K i d n e y P r o t e c t i o n

pick one

Op i a t e s

NSA ID s

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GABAn e r g i c s

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G A B A n e r g i c s

• G A B A a n a l o g s , r e d u c e C N S g l u t a m a t e a n d n e r v e p a i n

t r a n s m i s s i o n . C l e a r e d b y t h e k i d n e y , a n d c a n l e a d t o

n e u r o t o x i c i t y w h e n n o t c l e a r e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y .

• B a c l o f e n – c a n m i m i c b r a i n d e a t h a n d s h o u l d n o t b e u s e d

i n E S R D

• N e u r o n t i n / L y r i c a – A c t u a l l y h a s a g u i d e l i n e

r e c o m m e n d a t i o n f o r n e u r o p a t h i c p a i n f r o m C D C a n d A D A

( b u t n e u r o p a t h i e s a r e V E R Y h e t e r o g e n o u s )

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G A B A n e r g i c s

• C K D / E S K D – c a n b e u s e d f o r u r e m i c p r u r i t i s , r e s t l e s s l e g s , b u t n e e d s i g n i f i c a n t d o s e r e d u c t i o n s

• Gabapentin 100 mg/day, pregabalin 25 mg/day

• In HD, given after dialysis

• T a k e a w a y – s t a r t l o w , g o s l o w , b e a w a r e o f t o x i c i t y , s a y n o t o b a c l o f e n

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T r amado l

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T r a m a d o l

• M i x o f o p i o i d a n d S N R I ( m o r p h i n e p l u s d u l o x e t i n e o r

v e n l a f a x i n e )

• U n r e l i a b l e m e t a b o l i s m d u e t o v a r i a b l e c y t o c h r o m e p 4 5 0 .

S o m e p a t i e n t s w i l l g e t m i n i m a l a n a l g e s i a b u t a r e a t r i s k f o r

t o x i c i t y w i t h u p t i t r a t i o n .

• M e t a b o l i s m a l s o a f f e c t e d b y m a n y o t h e r m e d i c a t i o n s

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T r a m a d o l

• “ S e e m s s a f e r ” b e c a u s e i t i s s c h e d u l e I V ( v s m o s t o t h e r o p i o i d s w h i c h a r e s c h e d u l e I I

• S t i l l n e e d s i n t e r v a l r e d u c t i o n i n C K D t o B I D d o s i n g

• I n H D , i n d i v i d u a l d o s e s s h o u l d n o t e x c e e d 5 0 m g

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B P f o r K i d n e y P r o t e c t i o n

Pick One

GABAne r g i c s

T r amado l

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Op i a t e s NSA ID s

GABAne r g i c s T r amado l

Now pick your Pain Champion

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V o l u m e A s s e s s m e n t

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O l d S c h o o l

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O l d S c h o o l

• H i s t o r y / P h y s i c a l – B P , c r a m p i n g , d y s p n e a , J V P , e d e m a

• L a b s / I m a g i n g – B N P , C X R , C V P

• W i d e l y a v a i l a b l e , n o n - i n v a s i v e , a n d w e l l s t u d i e d

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N e w S c h o o l

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N e w S c h o o l

• B i o i m p e d a n c e – s k i n e l e c t r o d e s t o d e t e r m i n e t o t a l b o d y w a t e r , i n t r a c e l l u l a r a n d e x t r a c e l l u l a r w a t e r . C a n n o t d i s t i n g u i s h i n t e r s t i t i a l a n d i n t r a v a s c u l a r c o m p a r t m e n t s .

• L u n g u l t r a s o u n d – o b j e c t i v e l y q u a n t i f i e s p u l m o n a r y v a s c u l a r c o n g e s t i o n ( s e e n a s B - l i n e s )

• E v e n n e w e r t e c h n o l o g i e s – f i n g e r p r o b e s t o e s t i m a t e L V E D P , C h e e t a h s e n s o r s t o d e t e c t s t r o k e v o l u m e , o r a l B l u e t o o t h s o d i u m s e n s o r s

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B a r r i e r s t o N e w S c h o o l

• T r a i n i n g

• C o s t

• T i m e

• C o m f o r t

• W o r k f l o w

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H L A E p i t o p e M a t c h i n g

Pick One

N e w S c h o o l

O l d S c h o o l

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D r y o n D i a l y s i s

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D r y o n D i a l y s i s

• T h i s h a s b e e n o u r d e f a u l t , v o l u m e i s t h e e n e m y

• V o l u m e o v e r l o a d i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h y p e r t e n s i o n , L V H , h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n s

• S i g n i f i c a n t i n t e r d i a l y t i c w e i g h t g a i n i s e v e n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i g h e r m o r t a l i t y

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W e t o n D i a l y s i s

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W e t o n D i a l y s i s

• A g g r e s s i v e U F c a u s e s u n w a n t e d p a t i e n t s y m p t o m s –

c r a m p i n g , f a t i g u e , e t c .

• A l s o m a y l e a d t o m o r e r a p i d l o s e o f r e s i d u a l r e n a l f u n c t i o n ,

m y o c a r d i a l s t u n n i n g d u e t o h y p o t e n s i o n , a c c e s s

c o m p l i c a t i o n s

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W e t o n D i a l y s i s

pick one

D r y o n D i a l y s i s

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Now pick your Volume Assessment Champion

N e w S c h o o l O l d S c h o o l

D r y o n D i a l y s i sW e t o n D i a l y s i s

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Hepa t o r e n a l

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B i l e C a s t s : P a t h o l o g i c

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B i l e C a s t s : P a t h o l o g i c

• M o r e b i l i r u b i n , m o r e j a u n d i c e , m o r e b i l i r u b i n i n u r i n e , m o r e

b i l e c a s t s i n t u b u l e s

• P r e s e n c e o f b i l e c a s t s c o r r e l a t e d w i t h h i g h e r l e v e l s o f

b i l i r u b i n , a l s o t r e n d e d t o w a r d h i g h e r C r

• A n i m a l m o d e l s k n o c k i n g o u t a b i l e a c i d r e g u l a t o r s h o w e d

n o f i b r o s i s , i m p l i c a t i n g p a t h o g e n i c i t y o f t h e b i l e c a s t s

t h e m s e l v e s

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B i l e C a s t s : I n c i d e n t a l

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B i l e C a s t s : I n c i d e n t a l

• I s i t j u s t a b y s t a n d e r ? I t m a y n o t b e c a u s a l

• L o w G F R f r o m H R S m a y p r e v e n t n o r m a l w a s h o u t o f c a s t s , w h i c h a r e i n c i d e n t a l l y s e e n

• M u l t i p l e s t u d i e s s h o w t h a t b i l i r u b i n a c t u a l l y m i g h t b e n e p h r o p r o t e c t i v e a s a n e n d o g e n o u s a n t i o x i d a n t

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Pick One

B i l e C a s t s : I n c i d e n t a l

B i l e C a s t s : P a t h o l o g i c

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T e r l i p r e s s i n

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T e r l i p r e s s i n

• P o r t a l H T N à s p l a n c h n i c v a s o d i l a t i o n à r e d u c e d s y s t e m i c v a s c u l a r r e s i s t a n c e à R A A S a c t i v a t i o n à d e c r e a s e d r e n a l p e r f u s i o n a n d A K I

• T e r l i p r e s s i n i s a p r o - h o r m o n e o f l y s i n e - v a s o p r e s s i n ( t h i s p r o l o n g s h a l f l i f e , a l l o w s f o r d i v i d e d d o s i n g u n l i k e v a s o )

• P r e f e r e n t i a l v a s o c o n s t r i c t i o n o f s p l a n c h n i c c i r c u l a t i o n

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T e r l i p r e s s i n

• O n e s m a l l H 2 H t r i a l a g a i n s t o c t r e o t i d e , m i d o d r i n e , a n d a l b u m i n , t e r l i p r e s s i n w a s s u p e r i o r

• C u r r e n t l y n o t a v a i l a b l e i n U S a n d C a n a d a

• C O N F I R M t r i a l – o n g o i n g R C T i n N o r t h A m e r i c a , r e s u l t s d u e l a t e 2 0 1 9

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No r e p i n e p h r i n e

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N o r e p i n e p h r i n e

• T h e a r g u m e n t h e r e i s t h a t w h a t m a t t e r s m o r e i s t h e s y s t e m i c r a t h e r t h a n s p l a n c h n i c v a s o d i l a t i o n . U s i n g t e r l i p r e s s i n o r m i d o d r i n e / o c t r e o t i d e , w h i c h m i g h t b e a w a s h . W h a t m a t t e r s i s a r i s e i n t h e B P , a n d n o r e p i n e p h r i n e d o t h a t w e l l .

• T e r l i p r e s s i n + a l b u m i n à M A P i n c r e a s e d f r o m 7 0 t o 7 9 m m H g

• T e r l i p r e s s i n a l o n e à M A P d e c r e a s e d f r o m 6 4 t o 6 0 m m H g

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Pick One

T e r l i p r e s s i n

No r e p i n e p h r i n e

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Now pick your Hepatorenal Champion

T e r l i p r e s s i n N o r e p i n e p h r i n e

B i l e C a s t s :I n c i d e n t a l

B i l e C a s t s : P a t h o l o g i c

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P l a s m a E x c h a n g e

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A N C A V a s c u l i t i s

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A N C A V a s c u l i t i s

• A N C A a n t i b o d i e s a r e p a t h o g e n i c , a n d c a n b e r e m o v e d w i t h p h e r e s i s

• M E P E X s h o w e d t h a t p l a s m a e x c h a n g e i n a d d i t i o n t o i n d u c t i o n I S i m p r o v e d l i k e l i h o o d o f r e n a l r e c o v e r y i n p a t i e n t s w h o p r e s e n t e d d i a l y s i s - d e p e n d e n t o n a r r i v a l . D i d n o t i m p r o v e 1 - y r m o r t a l i t y .

• P E X I V A S – l a r g e r s t u d y c o m p l e t e d , d a t a n o t p u b l i s h e d y e t

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Early PEXIVAS Data – trend towards improvement in first year which is lost with time

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L i g h t C h a i n s

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L i g h t C h a i n s

• S i m i l a r p r i n c i p l e w i t h l i g h t c h a i n s – i f r e m o v e d e x t r a c o r p o r e a l l y , t h e y w o n ’ t c l o g u p t h e k i d n e y s

• P L E X = P l a s m a e x c h a n g e• H C O - H D = H i g h C u t - o f f h e m o d i a l y s i s

• 2 b i g r e c e n t t r i a l s – M Y R E a n d E u L I T E

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(Copy number variants)

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Pick One

A N C A V a s c u l i t i s

L i g h t C h a i n s

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P r e t r a n s p l a n t

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P r e t r a n s p l a n t

• E v i d e n c e i s l a c k i n g , b u t P L E X i s u s e d f o r a v a r i e t y o f i n d i c a t i o n s i n c l u d i n g :

• ABO incompatible mismatches

• Depending on prevalence, about 30% chance that any 2 individuals are ABO incompatible.

• Goal titer is very center-dependent

• HLA incompatible desensitization

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Po s t t r a n s p l a n t

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P o s t T r a n s p l a n t

• M a i n u t i l i t y i s f o r r e c u r r e n c e o f p r i m a r y d i s e a s e . O f m o s t c o n c e r n i n :

• a H U S – h a s b e e n r e p l a c e d b y m a i n t e n a n c e e c u l i z u m a b

• F S G S – c o n t r o v e r s i a l “ c i r c u l a t i n g f a c t o r s ” l i k e s u P A R

• A n t i - G B M d z – t y p i c a l l y d o e s n o t r e c u r a f t e r t r a n s p l a n t , b u t r e s p o n d s t o p l a s m a e x c h a n g e i f i t d o e s r e l a p s e

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Pick One

Po s t T r a n s p l a n t

P r e T r a n s p l a n t

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A N C A V a s c u l i t i s L i g h t C h a i n s

P r e t r a n s p l a n t P o s t t r a n s p l a n t

Now pick your Plasma Exchange Champion

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Comp l emen t

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G e n e t i c C 3 G N

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G e n e t i c C 3 G N

• R e l a t e d t o m u t a t i o n s i n C F H , C F I , M C P ( l o s s o f f u n c t i o n ) , o r C 3 i t s e l f ( g a i n o f f u n c t i o n ) .

• I n t e r e s t i n g l y , s i m i l a r m u t a t i o n s i n a H U S o r d e n s e - d e p o s i t d i s e a s e , b u t t h e p h e n o t y p e v e r y d i f f e r e n t

• D u e t o C F H - r e l a t e d p r o t e i n s t h a t a r e c o d e d d o w n s t r e a m o n c h r o m o s o m e 1 t h a t l e a d t o C 3 G N r a t h e r t h a n a H U S

• F a m i l y h i s t o r y v e r y i m p o r t a n t , b u t s p o r a d i c c a s e s d e s c r i b e d a s w e l l

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A c q u i r e d C 3 G N

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A c q u i r e d C 3 G N• B i g c a t e g o r i e s – a c q u i r e d C 3 n e p h r i t i c f a c t o r , m o n o c l o n a l

g a m m o p a t h y

• C 3 N e f s a r e a u t o a n t i b o d i e s t h a t b i n d C 3 b B a n d p r e v e n t i t s i n a c t i v a t i o n b y C F H à u n r e g u l a t e d c o n s u m p t i o n o f C 3

• L i k e m a n y o t h e r k i d n e y d i s e a s e s i n o l d e r i n d i v i d u a l s , m o n o c l o n a l g a m m o p a t h y i m p l i c a t e d i n 2 / 3 o f c a s e s o f a c q u i r e d C 3 G N i n p a t i e n t s o l d e r t h a n 5 0

• T r e a t m e n t i s o f t h e a b n o r m a l c l o n e , a n d C 3 G N c a n b e a m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f M G R S

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Pick One

G e n e t i c C 3 G N

A c q u i r e d C 3 G N

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Ecu l i z umab

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E c u l i z umab

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E c u l i z umab

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C 3 - I a n d B e y o n d

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C 3 - I a n d B e y o n d

• N e w e r m o r e t a r g e t e d t h e r a p i e s i n t h e a l t e r n a t i v e c o m p l e m e n t s y s t e m a r e u n d e r w a y

• F a c t o r D i n h i b i t o r – o r a l a g e n t t h a t p r e v e n t s d e g r a d a t i o n o f F a c t o r B

• C 3 i n h i b i t o r – i n - v i t r o s t u d i e s p a s s e d a n d a b l e t o b l o c k C 3 n e p h r i t i c f a c t o r , a n d n o w i n o r p h a n s t a t u s w i t h h u m a n t r i a l s o n g o i n g

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C 3 - I a n d B e y o n d

• C 5 a R b l o c k e r s ( a v o c a p a n ) – a l s o o r a l a g e n t , s t u d i e d i n m i c e a n d p r o t e c t e d t h e m a g a i n s t A N C A v a s c u l i t i s

• Also has orphan status and human trials ongoing for AAV, C3GN, aHUS

• M A S P - 2 i n h i b i t o r s – m o n o c l o n a l A b a g a i n s t t h e l e c t i n p a t h w a y , d e v e l o p e d f o r s t e m - c e l l r e l a t e d T M A , a H U S , a n d I g A N

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Pick One

P r a g m a t i c t r i a l s

E c u l i z u m a b

C 3 - I a n d B e y o n d

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Now pick your Complement Champion

E c u l i z u m a b C 3 - I a n d B e y o n d

G e n e t i c C 3 G N A c q u i r e d C 3 G N

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From your Effluent Eight pick your Filtered Four

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From your Filtered Four pick your left and right kidney…

…since you only need 1 kidney, your Champion:

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T h a n k s f o r P l a y i n g !

P a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e s o c i a l m e d i a d i s c u s s i o n

# N e p h M a d n e s s