BPTC DUONG GIAO THONG MIEN NUI.doc

H s d thu

H s d thu - Gi thu s 3: ng Nm Cha - Ngi Tr Thuyt minh bin php t chc thi cng

Doanh nghip XD&TM TN

ThI Sn

Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp T do Hnh phc

Thuyt minh

bin php t chc thi cngd n ng nm cha - ngi tr - huyn sn h - lai chu(Km0+00 -:- Km13+782)

gi thu s 03 (gi thu xy lp): Km5+782 -:- Km13+782Phn I

Gii thiu tnh hnh chung ca

d n v gi thu`I. GIi thiu chung v d n:

1. Mc tiu ca d n:

- Cng trnh ng Nm Cha - Ngi Tr sau khi thi cng xong, a vo s dng s to ra mng li giao thng tng i ng b v khp kn trong khu vc, nhm tng bc hon thin mng li quy hoch Giao thng nng thn ca tnh Lai Chu.

- To iu kin cho vic di dn ti nh c thu in Sn La, vi mc ch n nh cc khu dn c trong vng. L cu ni v kinh t, chnh tr, vn ho, x hi gia cc vng trong khu vc.

- H thng ng giao thng nng thn ton khu vc ni chung v cng trnh ng Nm Cha - Ngi Tr ni ring khi a vo khai thc, s dng s to iu kin thun li cho nhn dn trong vng TC Thu in Sn La pht trin kinh t, vn ho, x hi, n nh i sng tng bc nng cao cht lng cuc sng, ng thi tip cn c cc dch v vn ho x hi v vn minh th.

- Hnh thnh mng li vn ti bng xe c gii, c s kt hp cht ch gia cc phng thc sn xut ti x v lin vng... nhm khai thc th mnh ca tng hnh thc kinh doanh v phng tin vn ti.

2. Vai tr ca d n

- Tuyn Nm Cha - Ngi Tr, thuc a phn huyn Sn H - tnh Lai Chu, l tuyn ng c xy dng mi ni lin 2 im TC Ching Lng v Ngi Tr, im u tuyn c ni vo im TC Ching Lng, v im cui tuyn c kt thc ti im TC Ngi Tr.

Hin ti, trong khu vc xy dng tuyn ng cha c u t ng giao thng, h thng ng giao thng trong khu vc ch yu l ng mn, ng dn sinh vi b rng nn ng t 1,0 - 1,5m, c dc dc ln. Loi ng ny ch phc v ch yu cho ngi i b v nga th, cn xe my v cc loi phng tin c gii khc cha p ng c v l do trn ly, cua gp, dc dc ln. Vi thc trng nh vy, i sng v mt kinh t, vn ho - x hi ca nhn dn ni y cn gp rt nhiu kh khn, thiu thn v mi mt. Trong khi , cc im ti nh c ca x Nm Cha li phi di chuyn vi s h dn ln, vic di chuyn theo k hoch ca d n cng nh bnh n cuc sng sau gp khng t tr ngi.

- Tuyn Nm Cha - Ngi Tr nm trong quy hoch tng th pht trin dn c trong vng ti nh c thu in Sn La. Vic u t xy dng mi tuyn ng Nm Cha - Ngi Tr theo tiu chun ng cp A* - GTNT gp phn y nhanh tin di dn TC Thu in Sn La v phc v cc h dn ti cc im TC sm n nh cuc sng. Khi xy dng xong, a vo khai thc, s dng, n s l tuyn ng ni lin cc im TC vi nhau v ni lin trung tm cc x trong vng, gp phn thc y s pht trin kinh t - giao lu bun bn gia cc huyn Sn H, huyn Than Uyn v th x Lai Chu.

1. Ni dung c bn ca d n nh sau:

- Tn ch u t: Ban QLDA bi thng, di dn TC huyn Sn H tnh Lai Chu.

- Tn Gi thu: Gi thu xy lp s 3 (T Km5+782m - Km13+782m) cng trnh: ng Nm Cha -:- Ngi Tr huyn Sn H - tnh Lai Chu.

- a im xy dng cng trnh: X Nm Cha - huyn Sn H - tnh Lai Chu.

- Hnh thc u t: Xy dng mi.

2. Quy m cc hng mc:

* V quy m:

Thi cng xy dng cng trnh: Gi thu s 3 (T Km5+782m - Km13+782m) ng Nm Cha -:- Ngi Tr huyn Sn H - Tnh Lai Chu vi tiu chun ng GTNT loi B vi:

+ B rng nn ng Bn = 4,0m (Khng k ng cong m rng).+ B rng mt ng Bm= 3,0m

+ Chiu rng l ng Bl = 2x0,5m.+ dc ngang mt ng Im = 4%.+ dc ngang l ng Il = 5%.+ B rng rnh dc Br = (0,5+0,2)x0,3m.+ Bn knh ng cong bng ti thiu Rmin ( 15m.+ Dc dc ti a Imax ( 10%; Icb = 12%.

- Kt cu mt ng:

+ Nhng on c dc dc I ( 8%: Cp phi si sui h = 20cm

+ Nhng on c dc dc 8% < I ( 12%: Cp phi dm kp t h = 20cm

- H thng cng trnh thot nc:

+ Cng thot nc thit k vnh cu, ti trng thit k H13-X60

+ Rnh thot nc dc thit k rnh h tit din hnh thang, mt rng 0,7m; y rng 0,3m; su 0,3m. Nhng on tuyn c dc dc > 6% c thit k gia c bng BTXM dy 12cm.

- H thng k:

+ Ti cc v tr p cao, c dc ngang ln c b tr xy dng k BT hoc k r thp xp hc. Bao gm:+ T Km6+977,15 - Km7+12,48m c chiu di L = 28m.

+ T Km7+209,57 - Km7+240,23m c chiu di L = 16m.

- Tng chiu di tuyn L = 8,0 Km.* c im a hnh, a cht, kh hu thu vn ca vng tuyn i qua.

+ c im a hnh- Tuyn ng i qua khu vc c a hnh tng i phc tp, a dng c trng l thung lng v i ni cao vi nhiu khe t thu xung t sn c, tuyn c trin khai bm theo sn i, tuyn i qua cc thn bn c. dc ngang ln, trung bnh l 70%.+ c im kh hu, thu vn- Nm trong a bn tnh Lai Chu, l mt tnh i ni nn tnh hnh kh hu khu vc cng mang cc nt c trng, ma h t thng 5 n thng 10, ma ng t thng 11 n thng 4.- Nhit trung bnh nm vo khong 24-25oC, Nhng thng gia ma ng kh lnh c 3 thng (t thng 12 n thng 2) nhit xung di 20oC, thng lnh nht l thng 1 c nhit trung bnh khong 18-19oC. Ma h c ti 3-4 thng nhit trung bnh vt qu 30oC (t thng 4 - n thng 8). Thng nng nht l thng 6 v thng 7 c nhit trung bnh l 34oC.- Lng ma trung bnh nm trong khu vc khong 2.200 - 2.500mm. Ma ma ko di 06 thng, bt u t thng 07 v kt thc vo thng 12. Ba thng ma ln nht l vo thng 8, 9, 10. Ch ma bin ng mnh.- m trung bnh nm ca khu vc tuyn i qua khong 83-84%. Ma m t ko di t thng 4 n thng 9 c m trn di 90%. Thi k m nht l cc thng cui ma ng. Bin dao ng m gia cc thng m nht v kh nht t ti 18-19%.* c im a cht:

a cht n nh cho xy dng cng trnh. Nn mng ca cc hng mc ch yu l t C3; C4; C3 v C4.II. Cc cn c lp phng n thi cng

- Cn c vo Thng bo mi thu km theo H s mi thu ngy 19 thng 11 nm 2007 ca Ban QLDA BTDD TC huyn Sn H.

- Cn c vo H s thit k Bn v thi cng c duyt.

- Cn c Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2003 ca Quc hi kha 11 k hp th IV.

- Cn c Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2004 ca Chnh ph v Qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng.

- Cn c Quyt nh s 41/2006/Q-BXD ngy 29 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Xy dng v vic ban hnh Tiu chun Xy dng 371:2006 v nghim thu cht lng thi cng cng trnh xy dng.

- Cn c h thng tiu chun cht lng ca Nh nc.

+ T chc thi cng TCVN 4055-1985

+ Quy trnh lp TK v t chc XD, thit k TC TCVN 4252-1988

+ Hng dn xy dng, s tay cht lng TCVN 5951-1995

+ Cng trnh xy dng, sai s hnh hc cho php TCVN 5593-1991

+ Cng tc trc c a hnh TCXDVN 309-2004+ Cng tc trc a trong xy dng TCVN 3972-1984 + Cng trn BTCT lp ghp 22 TCN 159-86

+ H thng tiu chun an ton lao ng

TCVN 2287-1978

+ G - Phn nhm theo tnh cht c l

TCVN 1072-1971

+ G xy dng TCVN 1073-1991

+ Cc tiu chun th ximng

TCVN 139-1991

+ Xi mng TCVN 2682-1992+ Quy trnh th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca 22TCN - 57-1984+ Ct xy dng, yu cu k thut

TCVN 1770-1987+ Ct xy dng TCVN 337-1986+ dm, si dm, si dng trong xy dng TCVN 1771-1987+ Va Xy dng - Phn loi

TCVN 4314-1986

+ Hng dn Xy dng pha trn v s dng va XD TCVN 4459-1987

+ Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng

TCVN 371:2006

+ Cng tc hon thin mt bng xy dng

TCVN 4561-1988

+ Cng tc t. Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu TCVN 4447-1987

+ Thi cng v nghim thu cng tc nn mng TCXD 79-1980

+ Kt cu gch , quy phm thi cng v nghim thu TCVN 408-1985

+ Kt cu b tng v b tng ton khi.

TCVN 4053-1995

+ Nc cho b tng v va, yu cu k thut TCVN 4506-1987+ Quy trnh th nghim nc trong CT G.Thng 22TCN 61-1984

+ Kt cu b tng ct thp TCVN 5574-1991

+ B tng nng. Yu cu bo dng m t nhin TCVN 5592-1991

+ B tng nng. Ly mu ch to v bo dng TCVN 3105-1993

+ Ct thp b tng

TCVN 4453-1995

+ B tng, kim tra nh gi bn, quy nh chung TCVN 5540-1992

+ Cng tc hon thin trong XD.

TCVN 5674-1992

+ An ton chy. Yu cu chung

TCVN 3254-1989

+ An ton n. Yu cu chung

TCVN 3255-1989

+ Cc quy trnh quy phm k thut khc c lin quan.Phn III

Bin php thi cng tng thChng 1Nguyn tc v bin php thi cng

I. Nguyn tc t chc thi cng

Trn c s h s mi thu ca Ch u t, cc quy nh nu trong h s thit k c duyt, cc quy trnh thi cng kim tra v nghim thu hin hnh ra bin php t chc thi cng mang tnh kh thi ph hp vi cc iu kin thc t v t hiu qu kinh t cao v cht lng cng trnh, cc mc tiu phi t c l:

- S dng hiu qu nht nng lc hin c ca n v thi cng v my mc thit b my mc cng nh trnh cn b iu hnh cng trng v cng nhn k thut c s dng cho cng trng.

- Qu trnh thi cng phi m bo quy trnh quy phm, cc ch tiu k thut phi t c nu trong h s thit k.

- m bo c an ton lao ng, v sinh mi trng v trt t an ninh trong qu trnh thi cng v sau khi hon thnh cng trnh.

- m bo thng xe cho cc phng tin lu thng trn tuyn.

- Qu trnh thi cng vi tin , trnh t thi cng hp l nht, rt ngn thi gian thi cng nhm nhanh chng a cng trnh vo s dng.

ii. BIn php thi cng:

1. Lp h s thit k bn v thi cng v t chc thi cng:

- Sau khi kho st hon chnh h s Nh thu s tin hnh thit k bn v thi cng, t chc thi cng v tin thi cng chi tit cho tng hng mc cng vic. Trc khi a vo tin hnh thi cng Nh thu s trnh cho TVGS v Ch u t xem xt v ph duyt.

2. Phng php thi cng v lc lng thi cng:

2.1. Phng php thi cng:

Tu vo iu kin v hng mc cn thi cng m nh thu chng ti s p dng phng php song song, tun t hay kt hp.

V mi thi cng, nh thu d kin, i vi phn nn s ch c 1 mi thi cng duy nht i m.

Trong trng hp cho php cng nh cn phi y nhanh tin , on tuyn cn c phn thnh on nh di 0,5-:-1Km t chc thi cng theo phng php dy chuyn.

2.2. Lc lng thi cng:

thi cng cng trnh ny chng ti chia thnh 6 i thi cng bao gm 1 i thi cng nn ng, 2 i thi cng mng mt ng + rnh dc, 2 i thi cng cu, cng thot nc, cng bn chm, k r c chia lm hai mi thi cng, 1 i thi cng cng trnh phng h v thi cng phn an ton giao thng hon thin cng trnh. Cc mi thi cng trn cc on khc nhau v hon thnh phn vic ca mnh di s qun l v iu hnh chung ca Ban iu hnh cng trnh.

a. Thi cng nn ng:

Gm 2 i thi cng v c chia thnh hai mi thi cng.

Thi cng vi tng lc lng gm:

+ Nhn lc: 60 ngi.

+ Thit b thi cng ch o.

06 t t 7-:-15T

04 my i 110-180CV

02 my o 0.8-:-1,25m3.

02 my san 110CV

02 Lu lp 9-16T

- 02 Lu rung bnh thp 16-25T 04 Lu tnh 6-12T

08 my khoan cm tay 02 my nn kh 660m3/h 02 Xe Stec nc 5m3

10 m cc

01 my cy xi 75CV

Cc bin bo hiu ng b m bo giao thng.

Cc thit b th nghim kim tra cht lng cng trnh.

b. Thi cng cng trnh thot nc (cu, cng TN qua ng, cng bn chm, k ):

Mt i chia lm hai mi thi cng tng ng vi cc mi thi cng nn ng c iu tit cho nhau vi tng lc gm:

+ Nhn cng: 50 ngi.

+ Thit b thi cng ch o:

- 06 t 10T (iu phi t TC nn)

- 10m cc (iu phi t TC nn)

- 02 m bn

- 04 my bm nc

- 06 m di

- 04 my trn va 100l - 250l

- 02 o (iu phi t thi cng nn)

- 01 ba cn ph khi BT, xy

- 01 cn cu 10T

- 04 my hn

- 02 my ct un thp

- Cc bin bo hiu ng b m bo giao thng.

- Cc thit b th nghim kim tra cht lng cng trnh.

Qu trnh thi cng rnh thot nc trn ng c thc hin ng thi vi vic thi cng nn ng.

- Phn cng thot nc ngang, sau khi thi cng nn hoc thi cng cng vi thi cng nn ng, trong qu trnh thi cng 1/2 cng phn cn li m bo giao thng.

e. Thi cng mng mt ng:

c chia lm 02 i thi cng, v thnh mt mi thi cng vi tng lc lng gm.

+ Nhn lc: 40 ngi:

+ My thit b thi cng:

- 08 t t 10-15T.

- 02 t ti nc.- 02 Lu tnh bnh st 6-:-12 tn.

- 02 Lu lp t hnh 9-:-16 tn.

- 02 My nn kh 360m3/ph- 04 Lu rung bnh st 16 - 25 tn.

- 02 my o 0.8m3

- 02 my san 110-:-180CV

- 02 my i 110CV



Trong qu trnh thi cng Nh thu s iu chnh, lun chuyn, iu phi v b xung lc lng gia cc dy chuyn thi cng nhm duy tr tin chung ca ton on tuyn.

3. m bo giao thng trong qu trnh thi cng:

Gi thu s 3 - D n Xy dng ng Nm Cha - Ngi Tr l mt tuyn ng min ni c nn mt ng tng i hp, trong qu trnh thi cng Nh thu c bin php m bo giao thng nh:

- Nn ng cn c phn on thi cng o, p dt im tng on.

- Cng trnh cu: m bo giao thng cho cc t i khc thi cng bng ng trnh.

III. Trnh t thi cng:1. Thi cng nn mt ng chnh tuyn.

- Pht quang, dn dp mt ng.

- Thi cng o, p v lu ln nn ng, o rnh nh.

- Thi cng cng trnh thot nc, rnh dc b tng thot nc.

- Xy dng rnh bin, rnh nh.

- Lp t cc cng trnh ATGT v cc cng tc hon thin khc.

2. Thi cng cng trnh thot nc cng qua ng, cng bn chm, k r .

- Chun b mt bng ln tri, bi c tm bn v cng cc loi.

- Xy dng ng trnh cu tm (nu cn thit).

- Xy dng mng m, lp dng cu kin b tng c sn.

- Lm v th r .

- Tin hnh lp t lan can tay vn, lp phng nc, khe co gin v lng lp b tng trn mt cu.

- Hon thin cc cng vic khc.

IV. thi cng nn ng

1. Thi cng nn ng o

Theo thit k, l cng trnh xy dng mi, khi lng o p l rt ln. Mt ct ngang nn ng c dng hnh thang, ch L, na o na p, cc b c mt s v tr p ton b thn nn ng. Khi lng thi cng nn ng bao gm: pht quang mt bng, o t, o , p t nn ng.

Trc khi thi cng nn ng Nh thu lm cng tc pht quang mt bng trong phm vi gii hn thi cng, phm vi ny gm chn taluy nn p v nh taluy nn o.

- Cc on nn o trong phong ho nh, gc cng chc: Thi cng bng bin php n ph kt hp vi my xc v t vn chuyn vt ng v tr quy nh.

- Cc on nn o trong phong ho nh, t: Thi cng bng c gii kt hp vi nhn lc hon thin.

- Trong qu trnh thi cng Nhg thu lun quan tm n bin php thot nc v cc bin php m bo an ton, m bo giao thng.

2. Thi cng nn ng p

- Cc on nn p mi trn t rung, t hu c phi tin hnh vt hu c trc khi p.

- Cc on nn ng p trn sn dc >11o hoc nn ng p cp rng phi tin hnh nh cp trc khi p.

- t p c p theo tng lp vi b dy sau khi lu ln khng qu 30cm. t cht yu cu mi c p lp tip theo.

3. Thi cng mt ng

- Mt ng c thi cng sau khi nn ng t cc yu cu v hnh hc v cht.

- Thi cng mt ng bao gm thi cng thi cng thi cng mt ng cp phi si sui v mt ng dm kp t (ti cc on c dc dc ln).

- Thi cng cc lp mng mt ng theo cc quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu hin hnh. Vic thi cng lp trn ch c tin hnh sau khi nghim thu lp di t yu cu.

4. Thi cng cng:

- Qu trnh thi cng cng c kt hp vi qu trnh thi cng nn mt ng. Bao gm: thi cng cng bn chm 2x2; 4x4; cc cng bn 75, 100; Thi cng cng trn D75, cng trn D100, cng trn D150 v cng trn D200.

- Trong qu trnh thi cng phi c bin php thot nc v bo v h mng.

- Cc ng cng c c sn bi c. Mng cng, tng u, tng cnh v thn cng hp loi ln c thi cng btng ti ch.

- Dng nhn lc v m cc p t hai bn ng cng v trn cng.

- Phi c ro tm, bin bo tm v ngi hng dn giao thng trong qu trnh thi cng.

5. Thi cng tng chn, rnh dc, rnh xng c.

- Rnh dc c thit k o h cho nn ng o, mt rnh rng 0,7m, mt y rng 0,3m, chiu su rnh 0,3m v ta luy rnh l 1/0,5.

- Rnh thot nc dc c thi cng song song cng vi qu trnh thi cng nn ng m bo nn c th thot nc c ngay sau khi thi cng xong. Ti mt s v tr xung yu c nguy c xi hoc i vi on tuyn c id>6%, rnh c thit k v thi cng l dng rnh gia c BTXM M150 dng hnh thang.

5. Bin php m bo cht lng xy lp

Bin php m bo cht lng cng trnh l ni dung c quan tm hng u, Nh thu s p dng mi bin php duy tr thng xuyn v lin tc nhm m bo tt cht lng v tin thi cng.

- B tr ban iu hnh cng trng: c lc lng mnh gm nhng cn b k thut dy dn kinh nghim trong iu hnh sn xut, tng ch o thi cng cc cng trnh yu cu k thut cao v cc cng trnh c tnh cht tng t nh cng trnh d thu. y chnh l u mi gii quyt tt c cc vn lin quan n cht lng, tin cng trnh. B phn ny c trang b cc thit b kim tra gim st gm: Cc loi my quang hc, thc thp... v dng c th nghim hin trng. Thit lp phng th nghim trung tm vi y trang thit b theo yu cu ca D n.

- Cc phn i thi cng: B tr cn b ch huy thi cng, cn b k thut chuyn ngnh c nhiu kinh nghim ph trch tt c cc mi thi cng c trang b thit b kim tra v th nghim hin trng.

- Cng tc gim nh cht lng duy tr thng xuyn, lin tc, c s ghi.

Chng 2

ngun cung cp vt liu

Tt c nguyn vt liu s dng cho cng trnh u c th nghim v kim tra cht lng ph hp vi cc tiu chun hin hnh v c s chp thun ca Ch u t v T vn gim st.

- t p nn: c tn dng trong qu trnh o, em i th nghim trnh vi T vn gim st trc khi a vo s dng ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 5747-93, TCVN 4447-87.

- cc loi: c khai thc ti m Km5, vn chuyn ti chn cng trnh. Nh thu kho st v thy rng tr lng ti m trn m bo cho vic cung cp cho ton b cng trnh, n v thi cng s ly mu tng loi v lm th nghim v trnh kt qu th nghim vi K s TVGS trc khi a vo s dng.

+ dm cc loi: Ph hp vi TCVN 1771-87 v TCVN 1772-87.

+ Cp phi dm: Cc ch tiu k thut ph hp 22TCN 252-1998. Vi cp phi si sui c khai thc ti sui Nm M, vn chuyn trung bnh 13Km ti chn cng trnh. Tr lng m bo cung cp cho cng trnh.

- Nc cho thi cng v sinh hot: Qua kt qu iu tra trong khu vc, nc s dng cho thi cng v sinh hot c th khai thc ti cc sui trong khu vc dc hai bn tuyn, dng xe Stc vn chuyn v b cha ph hp vi TCVN 5406-87.

- Xi mng dng xi mng Bt Sn, Bm Sn, VinaKansai hoc cc loi xi mng khc c cht lng tng ng, mua ti i l ni gn nht, vn chuyn ti chn cng trnh ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 2682-92, TCVN 4029-85 n 4032-85.

- Cc tiu, ct Km, cc, b va, cng cc loi v cc cu kin c sn khc c sn xut ti bi c cu kin ca cng trng.

- Bin bo phn quang, ct c gia cng ti c s sn xut chuyn ngnh ti H Ni vn chuyn n cng trng lp t.

- Ct cc loi: c khai thc ti m sui Nm M, hoc cc m khc (nu c) gn khu vc, vn chuyn n cng trnh, cht lng m ct ph hp vi TCVN 1770-86, TCVN (342-:-344)-86.

- Thp: S dng thp Thi Nguyn hoc loi thp c cht lng tng ng v c mua ti i l, vn chuyn n chn cng trnh, ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 4453-87.

Nh thu lun c k hoch d tr y khi lng vt t, vt liu m bo cung cp y v ng lc cho cng trnh. p ng c iu ny trong qu trnh chun b thi cng cc m vt liu d kin s c khai thc thi cng cng trnh, c nh gi chnh xc tr lng v kh nng cung cp cho cng trnh, sau ly mu lm th nghim t c c chng ch vt liu trnh t vn gim st v Ban qun l d n duyt. Nu t yu cu th lin h vi c quan chc nng lm th tc v hp ng khai thc v thu mua vt t v vt liu cho cng trnh vi khi lng m bo cung cp y cho cng trnh trong sut qu trnh thi cng.

- Xy dng cc bi cha, nh kho d tr vt t, vt liu cho cng trnh.

- t o c vn chuyn ngang v dc tuyn p, phn cn li vn chuyn thi n v tr c T vn gim st ch nh v chp thun m khng lm nh hng n cc khu vc xung quanh.

Phn iV

bin php thi cng chi tit cc hng mc cng trnhchng 1

Chun b thi cng

Chun b thi cng l cng tc ht sc quan trng, nh hng trc tip ti tin thi cng ca nh thu trong qu trnh thc hin d n, nhm a ra nhng phng n ti u thc hin.

Trnh t chun b thi cng ca Nh thu Doanh nghip Xy dng v Thng mi t nhn Thi Sn tnh in Bin gm c:

a. Chun b v t chc, phi hp thi cng:

- Tho thun thng nht vi cc c quan c lin quan v vic kt hp s dng nng lc thi cng nh Ch u t, x Nm Cha - ni xy dng cng trnh, h thng in, nc, kho st tnh hnh khu vc thi cng cng trnh...

- Gii quyt vn s dng sn c vt liu v nhn lc ca a phng.

- Tm kim lc lng lao ng, cc t i thi cng: t thi cng nn, t thi cng mt, cu, cng, rnh thot nc v khai thc vt liu xy dng theo trnh chuyn mn v s lng nhn lc theo yu cu ca gi thu.

- K hp ng kinh t giao nhn thu theo quy nh ca Nh nc v giao nhn thu xy lp.

- Nh thu doanh nghip Xy dng v Thng mi Thi Sn s nghin cu kho st li thc a, lp thit k t chc thi cng, nghin cu k lng bn v thit k k thut thi cng c ph duyt v d ton, p dng vo iu kin xy dng ti ni thi cng xy dng cng trnh.

- Chun b nhng iu kin thi cng trong mt bng cng trng bao gm:

+ Xc lp h thng mc nh v c bn phc v thi cng;

+ Gii phng mt bng, cht cy, pht bi trong phm vi thit k quy nh.

+ Lp ln tri ti cng trng (tu vo im thi cng) v lp ln tri, mt bng khu vc khai thc vt liu xy dng (ti Km5), nghin cu kho bi trung chuyn vt liu, bi c cu kin, nghin cu tnh hnh thng tin lin lc (do v tr tuyn nhiu im khng c sng in thoi, nh thu kho st v nhn thy ch ti mt s im c sng ca Viettel Mobile), nghin cu ngun nc thi cng v sinh hot.

+ m bo h thng cp nc phng chy v trang thit b cha chy, trang thit b chng n, nhng phng tin lin lc v ci hiu cha chy.

+ Nh thu nghin cu v tnh ton, cng trnh tm khng c xy dng trn v tr cng trnh chnh, khng c gy tr ngi cho vic thi cng cng trnh chnh v phi tnh ton n hiu qu kinh t. Ring cng trnh tm ti bi khai thc vt liu s phc v cho c qu trnh khai thc, cc nh tm cn li tu thuc vo thi im thi cng di chuyn cho ph hp vi mt bng thi cng xy dng. t c yu cu , nh thu Doanh nghip XD&TM TN Thi Sn s c bit ch trng p dng nhng kiu nh tm d tho lp, c ng v kt hp s dng nhng cng trnh sn c a phng (nu c).

- V h thng ng thi cng, nh thu s tin hnh bo dng, sa cha ng x vn chuyn vt liu n chn cng trnh, m bo ng s dng c bnh thng trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Tuyn ng ny nh thu kho st v nhn thy ch yu l on ng vn chuyn vt liu t Sui Nm M v ng vn chuyn vt liu t Km5.

- Nh thu s s dng ngun in tm thi trong sut qu trnh thi cng t my pht in di ng v my pht in diezen (c trnh by c th phn di).

- My nn kh phc v cho qu trnh thi cng v khai thc vt liu c nh thu s dng 04 my nn kh cng sut 660m3/h.

- Nh thu s d tnh v lp s h thng cp in, nc, thng tin lin lc trong sut qu trnh thi cng.

- Nh thu chng ti, Doanh nghip XD&TM TN Thi Sn tnh in Bin, nu trng thu, s ch tin hnh khi cng xy lp nhng khi lng cng tc chnh ca cng trnh khi lm xong nhng cng vic chun b cn thit phc v trc tip cho thi cng nhng cng tc xy lp chnh v m bo y cc th tc cn thit theo quy nh ca Nh nc hng dn thng nht trong ton ngnh xy dng.

2. Cng tc cung ng vt t, k thut

Cn c vo quy trnh cng ngh v tin thi cng xy lp do Nh thu chng ti lp, Doanh nghip XD&TM TN Thi Sn s nghin cu cng tc cung ng vt t - k thut. Cng tc ny nhm cung ng y , kp thi, ng b v ng lc cc kt cu, cu kin v vt liu xy dng, thit b k thut... m bo phc v thi cng lin tc khng b gin on, tp trung dt im nhm a nhanh cng trnh vo khai thc s dng theo ng tin ra.

t c mc tiu trn, cng tc cung ng vt t k thut phi:

- Cung cp y v ng b nhng vt t - k thut cn thit theo k hoch - tin thi cng, khng ph thuc vo ngun cung cp.

- Nng cao mc ch to sn thit b, cu kin bng cch tng cng t chc sn xut ti cng xng (v d nh mt s thit b thp, cc H, cc Km, bin bo ng v.v...). Nh thu s tin hnh lp cc cng xng, kho tng, bn bi cc phng tin bc d, vn chuyn ph hp vi yu cu t ra.

- Cung cp ng b kt cu, cu kin, vt liu xy dng, thit b k thut... ti mt bng thi cng theo ng tin .

- Lp nh kho cha cc loi vt t - vt liu - thit b phc v thi cng xy lp theo ng cc tiu chun hin hnh v din tch kho tng v nh mc d tr sn xut.

- Vic bo qun vt liu, thit b xy dng, kt cu xy dng, cu kin... c Nh thu Doanh nghip Thi Sn trin khai theo ng cc tiu chun, quy phm ca Nh nc v cc iu kin k thut hin hnh v cng tc bo qun vt t, vt liu.

- Trong ni b thi cng gia phng cung ng vt t k thut, phng k hoch, phng k ton v ban iu hnh thi cng ti cng trng cng nh cc nh cung ng vi ban iu hnh ti cng trng, khi giao nhn vt t, vt liu, thit b v.v... phi xem xt n s lng, cht lng v tnh ng b. c bit phi nghin cu, so snh vi cc tiu chun quy phm v vt liu, vt t hin hnh ca Nh nc. Khi pht hin vt t, thit b khng m bo cht lng, cng trng c quyn t chi khng nhn vt t . Nh thu Doanh nghip XD&TM TN Thi Sn cam kt ch s dng vt t - vt liu m bo cht lng vo thi cng cng trnh.

- Nhu cu cung ng vt t, thit b gn lin vi tin thi cng xy lp, thi hn hon thnh tng cng vic v xc nh trn c s khi lng cng tc (cn c vo thit k - d ton cng trnh), nhng nh mc s dng, tiu hao vt t v d tr sn xut.

Trong qu trnh tnh ton nhu cu cung ng trn, Nh thu Doanh nghip XD&TM TN Thi Sn s ch ti hao ht trong vn chuyn, bc d, ct gi, bo qun v thi cng theo ng nh mc hin hnh. ng thi, ban ISO ca Doanh nghip s nghin cu cc bin php nhm gim bt chi ph hao ht y.

- Ban ch huy cng trng s thng xuyn kim tra tn kho vt t, thit b v gi mc d tr vt t ph hp vi cc nh mc hin hnh.

3. C gii trong xy dng

- Nh thu Doanh nghip Thi Sn s nghin cu v s dng nhng phng php v phng tin c gii c hiu qu nht, m bo c nng sut lao ng cao, cht lng tt, gi thnh h, ng thi gim nh c cc cng vic nng nhc.

- Nh thu s nghin cu trong qu trnh s dng c gii trong xy lp thi cng cng trnh, ch trng ti tnh cht ng b ca thit b my mc thi cng v s cn i v nng sut gia my ch o v my ph thuc trong tng giai on xy lp. V d, c giai on my o l my ch o, c giai on my i l my ch o (trong thi cng nn), nhng c nhng giai on t vn chuyn vt liu li l my ch o (khi thi cng mt).

- Khi la chn nhng phng tin c gii v tin hnh c gii ho ton b phi c tin hnh trn c s so snh ch tiu hiu qu kinh t ca cc phng n c gii ho. Cc phng n phi ph hp vi cng ngh thi cng xy lp v m bo hon thnh ng thi hn, khi lng v cng vic c giao. Nh thu s tnh ton nhng ch tiu hao ph lao ng khi s dng c gii v phng n s dng th cng ti mt s phn cng vic trn c s ti a ho c gii xy dng.

C cu dn my v s lng my cn thit c xc nh trn c s khi lng cng vic cn thi cng trong mt thi gian nht nh (thi gian k hoch).

- Nhu cu v phng tin c gii cm tay c xc nh ring theo k hoch v tin thi cng.

- Nh thu s nghin cu, tnh ton, kim tra v a ra phng n b sung nh gi hiu qu s dng my, trn c s cc ch tiu chnh sau:

+ Ch tiu s dng s lng my.

+ Ch tiu s dng my theo thi gian (theo thi gian dng lch v theo h s s dng my trong 1 ca lm vic...)

+ Ch tiu hiu sut s dng my: l t s gia sn lng thc t my lm c vi sn lng nh mc ca my trong thi gian tng ng (tnh theo phn trm).

- nng cao hiu qu lm vic ca my cn phi:

+ Dng nhng my c cng sut nht v hiu qu nht trong iu kin cho php ca Doanh nghip (v doanh nghip khng ch thi cng 01 cng trnh trong cng mt thi im).

+ Kt hp tt gia cc my trong mt dn my, kt hp tt gia my ch o v my ph thuc, gia my c cng sut ln v my c cng sut nh....

+ Thng xuyn nng cao trnh qun l, trnh k thut v sa cha my, chp hnh tt h thng bo dng k thut v sa cha my theo quy trnh v bo dng ca tng loi my.

+ Trang b tt c s vt cht bo dng my, nh thu s lp mt xng sa cha di ng ti cng trnh bo dng my mc, thit b.

- Nh thu s t chc qun l v s dng tp trung v n nh trong cc n v chuyn mn ho.

- Mi cng nhn vn hnh my c giao trch nhim r rng v qun l, s dng, ph hp vi chuyn mn o to v bc th quy nh vi tng loi my c th.

- Nhng my c a vo s dng thi cng xy lp cng trnh trong qu trnh c gii ho xy lp ca Nh thu Thi Sn phi m bo tin cy v k thut v an ton lao ng. i vi nhng xe my c quy nh phi ng k v an ton trc khi a vo s dng, phi thc hin y v ng kim theo quy nh ca c quan c thm quyn ca Nh nc.

- My mc thit b lun phi trong tnh trng s dng tt, phi thc hin mt cch c h thng vic bo dng k thut v sa cha my theo k hoch, bao gm: Bo dng k thut ca, bo dng k thut nh k, sa cha thng xuyn v sa cha ln.

Thc hin cng tc bo dng k thut nhm gi gn my mc trong tnh trng sn sng lm vic, gim bt cng mi mn chi tit, pht hin v ngn nga kp thi nhng hng hc, khi phc li kh nng lm vic ca my.

Vic bo dng do b phn chuyn trch ca Doanh nghip Thi Sn thc hin.

4. Cng tc vn ti

- Vic t chc cng tc vn ti phi m bo phc v thi cng theo ng k hoch tin xy lp v tin cung cp vt t, gim thiu c hao ht trong qu trnh vn chuyn vt liu.

- Vic chn la chng loi v phng tin vn ti phi cn c vo c ly vn chuyn, tnh hnh mng li ng s hin c, kh nng cung cp vt t, phng php bc d v.v...

- Nh thu s nghin cu v tnh ton n ti trng ca xe vn chuyn trong qu trnh vn chuyn, ng thi ch n nhu cu vn chuyn cng nhn n ni lm vic.

- Ch tiu nh gi hiu qu ca cng tc vn chuyn l thc hin ng tin , s chuyn v khi lng hng cn vn chuyn.

- cng tc vn ti c hiu qu v thng nht phi bo dng k thut nh phn 3 nu trn.

5. Gii php mt bng

Do cng trnh thi cng tuyn mi nn ln tri ca BCH cng trnh v ln tri tm ca cng nhn thi cng s phi di chuyn sau 1 khong thi gian nht nh thi cng v tr mi, tr mt s hng mc thi cng ti ch nh cng, k, tng chn hay khu khai thc vt liu.

Chng 2thi cng nn ng

I. Cng tc chun b thi cng

1. Gii php mt bng

Do cng trnh thi cng tuyn mi nn ln tri ca BCH cng trnh v ln tri tm ca cng nhn thi cng s phi di chuyn sau 1 khong thi gian nht nh thi cng v tr mi, tr mt s hng mc thi cng ti ch nh cng, k, tng chn hay khu khai thc vt liu.

Vi mt bng hin trng, sau khi nhn bn giao mt bng v c lnh khi cng ca Ch u t, n v s tin hnh chn cc v tr t lm ni tp kt my mc thit b v lm vic ca BCH cng trng, tin hnh thu dn v sinh mt bng thi cng, tt c cc tp cht rc thi c a ra khi mt bng cng trnh ng ni quy nh ca a phng. Tin hnh thit k mt bng t chc thi cng s ln tri giao thng, bi tp kt vt t vt liu, in nc thi cng, trnh ch u t xem xt, ph duyt.

- Ln tri ca cng nhn c b tr mt khu ring trn cng trng; ln ch huy v kho vt liu chnh c b tr ngay gn v tr thi cng cng trnh; bi vt liu, khu gia cng ct thp cp pha c b tr hp l (c th cc ln ny lm sau v t gn v tr thi cng cc hng mc c b tng).

- Ring kho cha thuc n v cc vt liu n, nh thu s b tr mt kho ring (c trnh by trong phn thi cng chi tit - Phn ph ).

- Do l tuyn mi nn in thi cng nh thu s b tr 3 my pht in cng sut 15KVA thay phin nhau phc v cho sinh hot. i vi in thi cng nh in cho my hn, my trn, nh thu s dng cc loi my pht chuyn dng phc v cho cc hng mc trn.

- Nc thi cng nh thu s dng nc ti cc khe, sui gn cng trnh (c kim nh cht lng nc a vo s dng cho thi cng).

- Giao thng trong cng trng ch s dng ng giao thng khi va m xong (thuc gi thu) i li. m bo giao thng trong ni b cng trng, nh thu s nghin cu, tnh ton n cc v tr c th quay u xe.

2. Gii php thi cng

Vi khi lng cng vic tng i ln, tin bn giao cng trnh l 11 thng (330 ngy); nh thu Doanh nghip XD&TM TN Thi Sn s la chn v a ra gii php thi cng theo phng php tun t kt hp vi xen k cng vic theo cc giai on thi cng nhng vn tun th ng cc quy trnh k thut, nhm s dng c nhiu nhn lc v my mc nht y nhanh tin thi cng v bn giao cng trnh mt cch nhanh nht;

Thi cng cc hng mc trn cng trnh c lp bin php t chc thi cng chi tit c th cho tng hng mc, vic t chc lc lng lao ng, phng tin c gii, my mc vt t vt liu, phng tin thi cng, k thut thi cng c ln phng n c th chi tit. Vi phng chm thi cng cng trnh m bo cht lng, nhanh, an ton.Vic lp ra cc bin php k thut thi cng cng trnh l mt cng vic rt quan trng, c nh thu chng ti coi trng hng u, cng vic ny c thc hin bi cc K s c trnh v kinh nghim thc t trong cng tc xy dng nht l cc cng trnh v giao thng.

Tuy khi lng cng vic ln, dn tri nhng quy m ca cng trnh li khng ln lm, vi cc gii php kin trc v kt cu khng qu phc tp. Vn , xc nh y l loi hnh cng trnh rt quan trng, v vy vic lp bin php thi cng cng trnh m bo cht lng vn phi c cao trong tt c cc cng tc. Vic lp ra bin php thi cng cng trnh s c da trn nguyn tc kt hp gia k thut thi cng, t chc thi cng v cc yu cu k thut c th c nu trong h s mi thu.

Trong qu trnh thi cng, n v thi cng chng ti s thc hin ng cc bin php k thut ra. Tun t thi cng phn nn, thi cng t cui tuyn ln, hoc c th t u tuyn tr li, trong trnh t ny t vn thi cng phn tip sau ch khi cc phn trc thi cng xong v m bo cng chu lc cho php theo qui nh. Cng tc thi cng cc phn cng, k, rnh dc thot nc c th thi cng bng phng php kt hp, nhm m bo tin v cht lng hon thin c thc hin t trn xung, t trong ra ngoi, b tr cc cng vic khng chng cho nhau, hon thin phn cng vic no n u c n n y, hon chnh cng trnh a vo bn giao cng trnh theo tng giai on. Thc hin ng tin lp ra, a cng trnh vo bn giao v s dng theo ng k hoch.

* Gii php cp pha dn gio: Vi yu cu ca gi thu, nh thu s dng hai loi vn khun l vn khun thp v vn khun g. Trong , vn khun thp l mt phn khng th thiu thi cng ng cng c sn, vn khun g kt hp vi vn khun nh hnh thi cng tm bn c sn v cc cu kin b tng khc.

3. B tr tng mt bng thi cng

- Sau khi nh v cc hng mc cng trnh, nh thu la chn v tr xy dng ln tri, kho bi tp kt my mc thit b v vt liu thi cng cng trnh, cc h thng in, nc b cha, bi gia cng st thp, bi c cu kin b tng c sn... trn mt bng cng trng. Ngoi s lng my thi cng, t ti hin trng v ch v bi tp kt bo dng, sa cha th nh thu s tnh ton t xng gia cng thp, bi c b tng, bi khai thc vt liu...

a. Xng gia cng ct thp v hn

- Phn st thp ca cng trnh nh thu b tr cho cng nhn gia cng v lp dng ct thp trc tip ti cng trng, gn cc v tr thi cng thun tin cho qu trnh vn chuyn, lp t v sau.

Nh thu s b tr cc my thc hin cng vic gia cng ct thp:

+ 2 my ct thp trn D40 ca Trung Quc.

+ 3 vam un thp.

+ 3 my hn cng sut 23KW.

St thp c bo qun trong cng trng trong thi gian ngn, c k cao khi mt nn 300 mm trnh gy han g v bn t dnh bm.

B tr nhn lc xng thp gm c:

+ 3 th hn bc 4,0/7 kim th in trc chung cho bi c cu kin, 4 th ct un thp.

b. Vn phng cng trng v trm y t

- Vn phng cng trng v trm y t c b tr chung 1 gian, thun tin cho cng tc qun l thi cng v cp cu kp thi nu c xy ra s c.

- Ngoi ra chng ti lp 01 ban ch o gin tip ti tr s ca Nh thu ti in Bin. B phn ny s kt hp vi ban ch huy cng trng cng gii quyt cc vn thi cng nhm t c hiu qu cao nht.

- Vn phng cng trng c xy dng lin k vi kho xi mng c kt cu ct g, mi lp phi b r xi mng, tng thng ct p, nn lng va xi mng. Din tch khong 40m2.

e. Kho xi mng

Xi mng c s dng cho xy mt s phn vic nh c cu kin b tng c sn ng cng, xy tng chn, rnh thot nc, m, mng, m... v cc cu kin khc ca cng...

Nh thu s tnh ton c th khi lng tng phn vic b tr lng xi mng ti kho cho hp l, m bo qu trnh thi cng c din ra lin tc, hp l, khng d tha nhiu hay thiu ht lng xi mng cng nh vt t, vt liu khc trong qu trnh thi cng.

Kt cu kho xi mng, st thp c quy m nh vn phng cng trng tng thng tn, hoc tm thp mng, nn tn cao lng va XM. Din tch kho khong 50m2. Khi bi c phi di chuyn do c trng ca tuyn, nh thu vn phi dng mt kho khc bo qun xi mng c kt cu tng t.

g. Bi vt liu ri.

Do phm vi cng trng cht hp (dc theo hng thi cng ca tuyn) phng tin ra vo thng xuyn, nh thu s tp kt v b tr bi vt liu dn trn cng trng theo tin thi cng khng lm nh hng n vic giao thng v cc thao tc thi cng trn cng trng, sao cho vt liu ti cng trng lun m bo thi cng lin tc.

Ngoi cc loi vt liu ri t ti bi c, nh thu s phi vn chuyn v t trc tip ti cc hng mc thi cng ngoi tuyn vi khi lng cn c vo khi lng thi cng.

h. Khu v sinh cng trng

Khu v sinh cng trng c b tr ti 01 gc sao cho m bo cui hng gi v v tr khut, c h thng ng dn nc v sinh v c h cha, h lc m bo theo quy nh v sinh mi trng thi ra rnh thot nc chung.

II. Thi cng chi tit nn ng

1. Khi phc cc v xc nh phm vi thi cng

Trc khi bt u xy dng nn ng phi:

- Khi phc ti thc a nhng cc ch yu xc nh v tr tuyn ng thit k.

- o c, kim tra v ng thm cc ph ti nhng on c bit tnh khi t v iu hnh thi cng c chnh xc hn.

- Kim tra cao thin nhin nhng cc o cao c trn cc on c bit v ng thm cc cc o cao tm thi.

- Ngoi ra trong khi khi phc li tuyn ng c th phi chnh tuyn mt s on lm cho tuyn c tt hn hoc gim bt c khi lng cng tc. Vic iu chnh tuyn ti thc a u phi c s ng ca cc c quan c thm quyn.

- trn ng cong ng cc cc nh, khong cch gia chng tu theo bn knh ng trn m ly nh sau:

- R 500m khong cch cc cc l 20m .

c nh nh ng cong, thng dng cc cc nh, cc nh c chn trn ng phn gic v cch nh ng cong 0.5m trn cc c ghi s nh ng cong, bn knh, tip tuyn v phn c, mt ghi hng v pha nh gc. Ngay ti nh gc v ng di qu di ca my, ng thm cc khc cao hn mt t 10cm.

Trng hp gc c phn c b th ng cc to trn ng tip tuyn ko di khong cch gia chng l 20m.

Khi khi phc tuyn t thm cc mc cao ph thun tin trong qu trnh thi cng, khong cch gia chng bng tu thuc theo a hnh t (0.5 1 Km). Ngoi ra cn t mc o cao ni c cng trnh cu, cng

Cc mc o cao c ch to trc v chn cht t hoc li dng vt c nh nh thm nh (nu c), cc tng to tri ln mt t v.v khi chuyn mc phi mi K s t vn gim st cng o v bnh sai kt qu o. Trn cc mc o cao u nh du ch t mia bng cch ng inh hoc vch sn. gi c cc cc 100m (H) trong sut thi gian thi cng, cn di n ra khi phm vi thi cng. Trn cc cc ny u ghi thm khong cch di ch.

Trong qu trnh khi phc tuyn ng cn phi nh phm vi thi cng l nhng ch cn phi cht cy ci, ch t m t v.v Ranh gii ca phm vi thi cng c nh du bng cch ng cc hoc bng cc bin php khc. Cn v s phm vi thi cng c ghi y rung vn, i cy... Cc cng trnh phi di hoc ph a cc c quan c trch nhim duyt v tin hnh cng tc n b.

2. Cng tc ln khun ng:

Cng tc ln khun ng (cng tc ln ga) nhm c nh nhng v tr ch yu ca mt ct ngang nn ng trn thc a m bo thi cng ng thit k. Ti liu ln khun ng l bn v mt ct dc, mt bng v mt ct ngang nn ng.

Trong qu trnh thi cng cc cc ln khun ng c th b mt do cn phi di ra khi phm vi thi cng. Ngoi ra cn dng cc my thu bnh, cc dng c o kim tra hnh dng v cao nn ng trong qu trnh thi cng.

Vi nn p cng tc ln khun ng bao gm vic xc nh cao p t ti trc ng v mp ng, xc nh chn ta luy v gii hn thng u (nu c). Cc cc ln khun ng nn p thp c ng ti v tr cc 100m v cc ph, nn p cao c ng cch nhau 5-10m v ng cong cch nhau 5-10m.

i vi nn o cc cc ln khun ng phi ri khi phm vi thi cng, trn cc cc ny phi ghi l trnh v chiu su o t, sau phi nh c mp taluy nn o. Trong qu trnh o thng xuyn t cc thc taluy kim tra dc ta luy trong sut qu trnh thi cng, khi o t n gn su thit k th cn phi xc nh chnh xc cao nn o bng cch o cc h dc theo tim ng v mp ng cho n cao thit k ri dng n lm chun.

i vi rnh bin, rnh nh cc cc ln khun c t ti tim, mp rnh v cng phi di ra khi phm vi thi cng.

3. La chn thit b nhn lc thi cng

My mc thit b c kim tra tnh nng k thut trc khi thi cng ti cng trng v c m bo y ng chng loi. Tt c my mc phc v cho cng tc thi cng nn u c k thut gim st ti cng trng lp nn biu tin thi cng chi tit v c Gim c iu hnh ph duyt, sau c s chp nhn ca K s T vn gim st nghim thu vn hnh th im v a vo vn hnh cho cng trnh.

+ Thit b thi cng ch o.

06 t t 7-:-15T

04 my i 110-180CV

02 my o 0.8-:-1,25m3.

02 my san 110CV

02 Lu lp 9-16T

- 02 Lu rung bnh thp 16-25T 04 Lu tnh 6-12T

08 my khoan cm tay

02 my nn kh 660m3/h

02 Xe Stec nc 5m3

10 m cc

01 my cy xi 75CV



Nhn lc phc v cho cng tc thi cng nn c b tr da trn biu nhn lc v phi c hc qua lp an ton lao ng v m bo yu cu v bc th.

4. Bin php thi cng chi tit nn

Nh nu trn, theo thit k, tuyn ch yu l nn o chim khi lng rt ln, mt ct ngang nn ng c dng hnh thang, ch L, na o na p, cc b c mt s v tr p ton b thn nn ng. Khi lng thi cng nn ng bao gm: pht quang mt bng, o t, o , p t nn ng.

Trc khi thi cng nn ng Nh thu lm cng tc pht quang mt bng trong phm vi gii hn thi cng, phm vi ny gm chn taluy nn p v nh taluy nn o.

Thi cng nn ng o v thi cng nn ng p c th c nhiu phng php thi cng khc nhau tu thuc vo iu kin thc t ti hin trng. Chn phng n thi cng bng my thi cng kt hp vi th cng da trn nguyn tc sau:

- My mc v nhn lc phi c s dng thun li nht, pht huy c ti a cng sut ca my, phi c din thi cng, m bo my mc v nhn lc lm vic c bnh thng v an ton.

- m bo cc loi t c tnh cht khc nhau p thnh nn ng theo tng lp khc nhau t cht, kch thc hnh hc ng yu cu ca thit k.

- m bo nn ng thot nc d dng trong qu trnh thi cng o v p nn ng.

- m bo thng xe trong qu trnh thi cng, an ton lao ng.

4.1. Thi cng o nn ng t:

Cng tc o v xc t c thc hin hon ton bng c gii. Ch kt hp vi lc lng th cng ti mt s v tr m my khng th thi cng.

+ Vic o t c thc hin bng my i 108CV, my o 0,8m3.

+ Sau khi o, my i s vn chuyn n v tr tp kt.+ Mt phn khi lng vt liu o c vn chuyn ti v tr p bng cc phng tin c gii nh my i v xe t t 7-15T, th cng vi cc phng tin vn chuyn nh xe ko, st t...

Ti mt s v tr m ta luy cao, my i s o thnh nhiu cp. Do tuyn mi, chiu dc di bo m cho my lm vic c an ton do c th a my i ln pha trn nh taluy tin hnh m rng bng cch o t trn xung di.

t o ra y ht xung phn nn ng c v y li b tr my i hoc my san chuyn tip n ch t tha.

a my ln trong trng hp a hnh kh khn th phi dng nhn lc m ng v to nn mt di bng phng rng hn 4m pha trn nh ta luy nn ng my lm vic c an ton.

thi cng nhanh chng hay m bo giao thng trn ng m rng, c th dng 2 my cng tin hnh. My trn o v vn chuyn t xung bc di, my di lm nhim v y t ra ngoi phm vi ng hoc xc ln xe vn chuyn. m bo an ton trong thi cng, mi my phi thi cng trn cc on khc nhau. Nhng b tr lm sao my bc di c th y ht t, san phng cho xe c chy c theo gi quy nh ca cng trng.

Trng hp nn o ch L hoc o hon ton, va m rng li va gt thp cao, th cng vn dng cc bin php thi cng ni trn thi cng phm vi ca nn ng theo thit k. Sau khi m nn gn n cao nn thit k, dng li tin hnh cng tc lu ln.

Cc bin php m bo giao thng v cht lng cng trnh.

- Trc khi o hoc p nn ng phi xy dng h thng tiu thot nc, trc ht l tiu nc b mt (nc ma, nc ao, h, cng rnh, ...) ngn khng cho chy vo h mng cng trnh v nn ng. Phi o mng, khi rnh, p b con trch, ... tu theo iu kin a hnh v tnh cht cng trnh.

- Khi cng tc o nhng nhng v tr nm di mc nc ngm th phi c bin php tiu nc mt kt hp vi tiu nc ngm trong phm vi bn trong v bn ngoi cng trnh. Phi b tr h thng rnh tiu nc, ging thu nc, v tr bm di ng v trm bm tiu nc cho tng on thi cng cng trnh. Trong bt c trng hp no, nht thit khng ng nc v lm nh hng n nn ng.

- Tt c h thng tiu nc trong thi gian thi cng cng trnh phi c bo qun tt m bo hot ng bnh thng.

- S dng cc cc g, thc dy, mc chun khng ch gii hn phn t o trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Nu c th, nhng vt c nh nh cy ci, kt cu thot nc hoc nhng tng c nh s c nh du nh phn cng vic hon thnh sau ny s c kim tra li. Trnh T vn gim st xem xt trc khi tin hnh cng vic o b. T vn gim st xem xt quyt nh cng vic cn lm v ch nh nhng cy ci v cc vt khc c php gi li.

- m bo giao thng trn tuyn th trong qu trnh thi cng cc vt liu o ra c i san gn gng v nhanh chng c vn chuyn ti v tr quy nh, mi ngy u phi gt sch t ri vi trn mt ng c phng ma xung gy trn ly.

- Khi t o c v mt l do no m sau khi o cha vn chuyn i ngay c th t b phi c thnh tng ng gn gng trnh lm cn tr giao thng trn tuyn v phng tin my mc thi cng. Khi ng t b ca nn o v pha trn dc th cn lin tc thnh ngn nc, dn nc ra ngoi khng chy vo nn ng. Nu pha di dc, th phi gin on m bo thot nc c th thot ra ngoi mt cch thun li.

- ng lm xong n u th lm ngay h thng thot nc n , m bo mt ng lun kh ro.

Do tuyn thi cng l tuyn mi, vic giao thng trong tuyn ch l trong ni b nh thu, do nh thu s nghin cu phng n m bo khng cn tr giao thng gia cc t i trong qu trnh thc hin d n.

- Nu t o tiu chun p v c s ng ca i din Ch u t chng ti s tn dng p t ti v tr ng p. t tha v t khng tiu chun p phi b i th s c vn chuyn ti ni theo ch nh ca t vn gim st.

- Vt liu i nu c s cho php bng vn bn ca K s t vn v khng gn v tr cng hoc trn pha thng lu.

- Khi gn ti cao thit k th dng li tr mt cao phng ln do tc dng qua li ca xe my trong qu trnh thi cng.

- Nu o qu cao thit k chng ti s p b bng vt liu c chp thun, m n cht quy nh trong n hoc ch dn k thut bng kinh ph ca Nh thu.

- Sau khi o n cao thit k, n v thi cng s tin hnh ly mu t th nghim ch tiu c, l ca t nn xem loi t c tiu chun dng cho lp mt nn hay khng, nu khng t n v thi cng ngh i din Ch u t cho o b v thay bng loi t c ch tiu m bo yu cu k thut, nu m bo s tin hnh cy xi lu nn m bo cht v c v sinh sch s trc khi thi cng mng ng.

- Mi taluy sau khi o c gt phng m bo theo dc ph hp vi tng loi a cht khc nhau khng dn n tnh trng trt, st t ngt.

- Nhng vt liu khng ph hp s c b i khi c php bng vn bn ca K s t vn. Nh thu chng ti c trch nhim sao cho bo m m quan v khng lm h hi cy ci, cng trnh v cc ti sn khc ln cn.

- Nhng ng t d tr phi c vun gn, nh ng sch theo cch thc chp nhn c, ng v tr v khng lm nh hng n dy chuyn thi cng.

- Nu vt liu do nh thu khng ng quy nh v khng c s cho php ca k s t vn th chng ti s b tr li cho ng bng kinh ph ca mnh.

- Trong qu trnh xy dng nn ng, khun ng lun lun c gi iu kin kh ro, d thot nc, ch rnh bin t nn o vo nn p phi thi cng cn thn trnh lm h hi nn p do xi mn.

- cho nn p, cc lp mng khng b m t, trong qu trnh thi cng v sau khi thi cng. Nh thu phi lun lun to nhng mng thot nc hoc rnh thch hp sao cho nc d dng thot ra khi khu vc thi cng.

- Nhng h hi n nn ng v cc cng trnh c hoc ang thi cng m do vic khng ch trng n vic thot nc gy ra chng ti s c bin php tch cc trong vic sa sang li ngay bng kinh ph ca mnh.

- Cng vic o phi tin hnh theo tin v trnh t thi cng c s phi hp cc giai on thi cng khc to thun li ti a cho cng tc p nn ng v vic thot nc trong mi ni, mi lc.

- Cng vic o s b nh ch khi iu kin thi tit khng cho php ri v m t trn nn p ph hp vi cc ch tiu quy nh trong h s thit k c duyt.

- Cao nn ng phi c thi cng ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy trnh thi cng v cc ch tiu k thut ch ra trong h s thit k c duyt di s ch dn ca K s T vn gim st.

- Nh thu tnh n vic tc ng ca qu trnh thi cng n mi trng v nghin cu k vn ny. Trong mt thi gian nht nh, qu trnh thi cng s khng nh hng nhiu n mi trng sinh thi v mi trng nc.

4.2. Thi cng o ph

a. M t cng vic+ Khi lng ph l tng i ln (khong 16.000 m3) v cn phi c chun b k lng trc khi bc vo thi cng.

+ Nh thu tin hnh kho st o c trc thi cng c s liu nhm s dng vo vic lp h s thit k BVTC v t chc xy dng cng trnh cng nh c c s cho vic tnh ton khi lng thc t.

+ Yu cu cng vic l phi ph d c khi lng cn thit phc v cho thi cng.

+ Khu vc ny thuc khu vc i ni, ng thi cng nn trong qu trnh thi cng khng ch trng nhiu n m bo giao thng, tuy nhin i vi cng tc o ph phi nghin cu n mc an ton cho ngi v phng tin ca t i khc lu thng qua trong qu trnh thi cng.

b. Phng php ph

Trnh t cng tc ph nn ng c tin hnh nh sau:

- Chun b mt bng.

- nh v l khoan.

- Xc nh chiu su l khoan.

- Khoan to l bng my khoan D42mm (hoc D76mm).

- Thng l, thi ra, nghim thu l khoan.

- Np mn theo h chiu.

- Cnh gii, n mn, kim tra bi n.

- X l cc l mn cm (nu c) trc khi tin hnh bc xc

- Vn chuyn, x l qu c theo yu cu k thut.

Yu cu ph khng lm bn tung ra ngoi v to c ng mt ct ng theo thit k, nn ta chn n mn theo phng php n om c ng knh l (42 hoc (76. Bi vi phng php ny sau khi n t ch b nt n, v thnh hn nm ti ch v mt t b vng ln. + Thi cng ph nn ng c p dng theo quy nh hin hnh.

+ Dng my khoan to cc l nh c ng knh khong 42mm su 2 - 3m. Khoan theo chiu thng ng ph to thnh bc cp. Ti nhng v tr tip gip pha ngoi ca khun ng to dc ta luy ta dng nhng l khoan xin .

+ S b tr l khoan t thuc v tnh ton lng thuc n theo hnh thc n om.

c. Tin hnh thi cng.

+ Dn dp mt bng, dng th cng kt hp ca my h nhng cy trong phm vi thi cng m bo qu trnh thi cng khng b gin on. Cm ngi khng c nhim v vo khu vc n ph v tm thi gin on giao thng qua trong thi gian ngn n ph m bo an ton tuyt i.

+ Xc nh v tr cn n ph, tin hnh dng khoan to l c kch thc theo bn v thi cng. B tr theo s hnh hoa mai. C ly gia cc l trn din thi cng vo khong (1,0 - 1,5)W v c ly gia cc hng l b = 0,85W trong W: ng khng b nht. Hai hng l hai bn taluy c th b tr sao cho phu n d kin st mp v thnh taluy.

+ Chiu cao mi bc cp H = 1-3m, vi cp IV chiu di l khoan vo khong 1,1-1,15H mt tng cp sau khi n c th bng phng. B tr hng l ngoi cng phi m bo sao cho ng khng b nht W< H thng W = (0,4 - 1,0)H. Ti nhng ni a hnh dc, trc ngang ch L tit kim thuc n v li dng trng lng bn thn ca khi ri ta c th khoan l theo phng ngang. to thnh mi taluy ta c th b tr l xin.

+ Sau khi n huy ng t v my xc vn chuyn ra khi mt bng thi cng to mt thong tip theo cho chu k n sau m bo giao thng.

+ Hon thin to ng hnh dng, kch thc thit k.

Sau khi ph n ta dng th cng hoc my khoan p to kch thc theo thit k.

i vi cp 4 o bng my o th cc cng vic chun b o bng my xc ln t vn chuyn tng t nh cng tc o nn ng t cp 3.

* Bin php an ton khi n ph:

+ Vic n mn phi tun theo quy phm v an ton v cng tc n mn ca Nh nc ban hnh.

+ Ch cho php tin hnh n mn khi hon thnh cc cng tc chun b an ton v c giy php n mn ca cc c quan c thm quyn, trong bao gm:

- T chc bo qun v cung cp thuc n an ton.

- Bo m an ton nh , cng trnh thit b,... nm trong khu vc nguy him.

- T chc bo v khu vc nguy him, c tn hiu, bin bo hiu, c trm theo di, ch huy trong gii hn bin ca vng n.

- Bo trc cho c quan a phng v nhn dn trc khi n v gii thch cc tn hiu.

- Trc khi tin hnh n ph phi kim tra v nghim thu tng l mn, mng li n,... theo ng nhng quy nh v kim tra v nghim thu cng tc khoan, n mn. - Vic khoan n mn nh thu phi tnh ton c th cho tng v tr v iu kin a cht cng trnh, mt bng thi cng , kch thc hnh dng cng trnh, mt bng thi cng, kch thc v hnh dng ca h mng cgn trnh, m nh khi lng mn s dng trong mt ln n. S lng l khoan phi c xc nh trn c s tnh ton kinh t k thut. Trng hp c bit, c s ng ca T vn gim st nh thu phi n mn l nng vi l khoan nh nhng phi la chn v tr v tnh ton c th cho tng trng hp.

+ Khi thi cng n mn ch c php s dng cc loi thuc n v phng tin n c Nh nc cho php s dng v Ch u t chp thun. Nu dng cc loi thuc n v phng tin n khc vi quy nh ca nh nc th phi c giy php ca c quan qun l c thm quyn v phi c quy trnh s dng, bo qun vn chuyn ring bit.

+ Cc thng s ca thuc n v cch b tr chng c nu ra trong thit k thi cng nhng phi c hiu chnh chnh xc li sau cc ln n th nghim hoc sau ln n u tin.

+ Thuc n phi c vn chuyn bng thit b chuyn dng c an ton cao.

+ Bn knh ca vng nguy him phi tnh ton theo cc iu kin ti hin trng v ph hp vi quy phm an ton v bo qun, vn chuyn v s dng vt liu n.

+ Cng ngh khoan n mn c S Lao ng thng binh x hi cp th.

+ Phi c ngi chuyn trch ch o thi cng n trong bt k trng hp no. Th mn phi chuyn mn ho v phi c hun luyn o to trc khi thi cng.

+ Trc khi thi cng n mn Nh thu s tin hnh lm mt s th tc cn thit nh: Lp cc bin bo gi n mn v cc hiu lnh n mn.v.v.. ti cc v tr thi cng ca ngi ch huy cng tc n ph.

* Cc quy nh v an ton khi thi cng n ph:

- Xin giy php n ph;

- Phi c chi tit v thi cng n ph: Quy trnh k thut thc hin cc bc (Khoan, nhi thuc, t kp, dy chy chm, dy in, ch tip ni,...). Phi c ngi ph trch chung v c th mn chuyn mn ho;

- Lp s nht k thi cng ghi r mi tin trnh xut nhp thuc n v kp. Quy nh v tr tp kt thuc n ti hin trng. Khi vn chuyn khng c gy va chm, khng ht thuc l.

- Nghin cu hin trng, dn sinh, mi sinh. Kt hp cht ch vi chnh quyn a phng;

- Xc nh phm vi cnh gii, ngi cnh gii, ni tr n khi mn n. Quy nh v thng bo gi n mn;

- Ngi ch huy phi t mnh hoc phn cng ngi theo di s ting n bit mn n ht cha;

- Trng hp c mn cm phi bo hiu, tip tc cnh gii v x l mn cm theo ng quy nh, tuyt i khng o vo lng thuc cha n;

* Bo qun thuc n:Thuc n, kp n c ct kho ring, cc kho ti thiu m bo khong cch nh sau:

R = K .

Trong : R C ly an ton ti thiu (m).

Q Trng lng thuc n trong kho (kg).

K H s gia hai loi thuc n t trong kho, ly bng 0,5.

Khong cnh gia kho thuc n v kp tnh nh sau:

L = 0,06.K.

Trong : L C ly an ton ti thiu (m).

Mk Trng lng thuc trong kho (kg)

Kho c xy dng ni kh ro, xa dn c, mi che khng dt, cch xa kho xng du theo khong cch lan truyn, khng c ng dy cao th vt ngang qua. Kho xy ni hoc na chm na ni.Kho thuc phi cch cc cht ho hc theo theo khong cch quy nh. V c ngi gc.

* Quy tc vn chuyn:

Thuc n ho c phi vn chuyn ring;

Kp phi b trong hp kn c chn khng b xc. Tc t chy khng qu 20km/h.C ly cc xe cch nhau 50m. Phi c thit b phng ho.

Xe thuc n phi dng ngh cch cu, thnh ph 500m;

* Quy tc s dng chung:

Phi bit tnh nng thuc n ho c v thnh tho mi ng tc ni, lp ho c gi buc lng thuc n;

Cc b phn gi thuc n v lm ho c phi cch xa nhau. Cm ht thuc t la gn khu vc lm vic;

C ngi khc bo v khu lm vic. Khng cho ngi khng nhim v vo khu vc lm vic;

Vi thuc n qu hn s dng, phi lp bin bn xc minh, t chc ph hu.

* Lu : Khi tip xc vi vt liu n tuyt i khng c ht thuc l, khng c lm pht sinh ra tia la trong vng cch vt liu n 100m. c bit ch trng n cng tc an ton: bo qun thuc n, c y bin bo cn thit, trm theo di. Phi theo di s ting n bit mn n ht cha. Nu chc chn mn n ht cng phi i 5 pht mi c ra. Nu nm khng chc hoc nu bit c mn cm th phi x l ht sc t ngi v tin hnh di s hng dn ca ngi c trch nhim. Trong mi trng hp cm dng tay hay l bt c vt g moi hoc rt dy ly kp.

Trng hp c cng trnh ca dn khu vc thi cng ph th phi tin hnh lp dng cc thanh thp v h thng hng ro thp ngn khng cho khng ln xung chn sn dc ni c cc cng trnh dn dng nh: nh , rung bc thang, hoa mu ca dn.... Trc khi thi cng Nh thu phi thng bo trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng v vic thi cng n mn v m bo ng cc qui nh v an ton trong cng tc thi cng n mn.

i vi vic o cp 4 bng my o cng sut ln th khng phi phng chng an ton n ph, cc cng vic bo m an ton lao ng, an ton giao thng thc hin theo quy nh o nn ng thng thng.

4.3. Thi cng nn ng p

* Trnh t thi cng nn ng p:

- Dn tp cht, hu c, cy ci trn phn p.

- nh cp bng my i theo HSTK.

- Kim tra cht lng vt liu p, vn chuyn vt liu p (iu phi t nn o) bng t t n p.

- My i san phn t thnh tng lp, lu rung tin hnh lu n cht yu cu.

a. Yu cu v vt liu p:

Vt liu dng p nn ng l loi vt liu thch hp c ly t cc m tn dng t o nn ng v m dc hai bn tuyn thi cng.

Vt liu t p K(90% phi ph hp vi cc tiu chun sau:

Cc loi t p nn ng

Loi tT l ht ct (2-0.05mm) theo % khi lngCh s doKh nng s dng

ct nh, ht to> 50%1-:-7Rt thch hp

ct nh> 50%1-:-7Thch hp

st nh> 40%7-:-12Thch hp

st nng> 40%12-:-17Thch hp

St nh> 40%17-:-27Thch hp

Vt liu p K(90% dy 30cm trn mt nn p di lp mng ng phi chn lc k theo ng cc ch tiu k thut quy nh cho lp Subgrade (lp t c m cht yu cu K(90% theo m nn ci tin AASHTO T180) phi ph hp vi cc yu cu sau.

Gii hn chy

Ti a 34

Ch s do

Ti a 17

CBR (ngm 4 ngy)Ti thiu 7%

Kch c ht ln nht90mm

b. Chun b trc khi p

Trc khi p nn ng phi xy dng h thng tiu thot nc, trc ht l tiu nc b mt, o mng, khi rnh p b con trch...

o nhng rnh nh thot ht nc ng v sau n lc nng kh sa sang li cc b mt m t ny lm chng d kh.

Trc khi bt u cng tc lm t, cn dn sch cy c, cc lp t hu c, cc tng to trong phm vi thi cng bng my i.

Cc hn to nm nhng ch cn tr thi cng nn o, m t, thng u hoc nm nn p c chiu cao nh hn 1,5m u phi dn i. Nhng hn c th tch ln hn 1,5m3 th phi dng thuc n ph v, cn nhng hn nh hn u c th a ra phm vi thi cng bng phng php c gii. My i c th dn nhng hn th tch di 1m3. u tin dng li i o t xung quanh hn v sau ht ngc ln v y khi phm vi thi cng.

Trong phm vi p t phi loi b lp t trn mt, lp t mn, t hu c, t bn n chiu su quy nh. dn t hu c chng ti dng my i ni a hnh cho php, ni a hnh qu hp hay b cn tr th dng th cng dn dp.

Tt c cc cy ln nh nm trong phm vi thi cng u c loi b k c gc r, v o ti chiu su 0,5m ng thi lp tr li h o bng t c ch nh khng ln mn, hu c, r cy v cc tp cht khc v m cht bng m cc hoc cc loi m tay vi m nn thch hp.

Mi vt liu loi b c i theo hng dn ca Ch u t hoc t vn gim st v khng c t.

Nu sau khi o b lp t trn mt ti su thit k pht hin t yu, nu thi cng p nn s khng th m bo c cht lng cng trnh th chng ti s bo co vi T vn gim st t ra bin php x l thch hp nh:

- Xo xi lp t trn mt hong kh t sau dng lu m t ti cht yu cu.

- o b lp t yu v thay vo mt loi t thot nc tt c s ch nh ca T vn gim st v m cht ti cht yu cu.

- Nn mng rt yu m iu kin khng cho php ci to bng cch bm nc hay o thm th vt liu p s l vt liu si hoc thot nc tt c ri v m cht theo quy nh ca quy trnh. Chiu dy lp thot nc ny c th vo khong 50cm hoc theo hng dn ca T vn gim st.

vt liu p mi c c nh vo sn dc v mi taluy nn p c th trc khi p t phi nh cp, cc bc cp ny c chiu cao v chiu rng m bo ph hp vi chiu dy lp t p v m bo chiu rng cho my thi cng hot ng. Vt liu ph hp c o ra t cp c dng lm t p. Thng thng nu nn t c dc i < 1/5 sau khi xi c th p t, nu > 1/5 th phi nh bc, nu m tay th mi cp rng 1m nu m bng my lu th chiu rng mi cp do loi my quy nh cho mi my chy an ton v d dng trn mi cp. Mi cp cn dc vo trong 2 ( 3%, nu i > 1/2.5 th phi c bin php thi cng c bit ring. Vi mi taluy nn p c thng thng chiu cao bc cp khong 25 - 30cm tu thuc vo chiu dy tng lp t p.

Ton b mt bng sau khi o hu c, cht cy, o r c san phng v lu ln ti cht yu cu.

Theo tiu chun:

- K = 0.95 nu chiu cao t p ln hn 1m.

- K = 0,98 nu chiu cao t p bng 0.3m.

Hon thin mt bng trong phm vi thi cng cho n khi c nghim thu chng ti mi tin hnh thi cng on tip theo.

Phm vi v hnh dng cui cng ca nn p do Nh thu ln ga di s hng dn v chp thun ca T vn gim st. Vic ln ga c thc hin bng cc g, dy cng v nh du trn cc vt c nh.

c. Thi cng p nn ng

- Khi lng thi cng nn ng p ti gi thu s 3 - Cng trnh: ng Nm Cha - Ngi Tr l khng ln lm (khong 18.000m3).

Vn chn bin php thi cng tu theo b rng phn t p v chiu cao nn t p. Nhng m bo tip xc tt gia phn nn p v phn mt t t nhin v m bo cng phn nn mi p, nn yu cu chung i vi mi trng hp u phi nh cp mi taluy nn p trc khi p phn mi v phi p theo tng lp t di ln c m nn k, tuyt i khng p m rng theo li ln ngang v khng m bo m nn, khi ma l d lm ln gy, st l. Ngoi ra t p nn c gng chn cng loi vi phn nn p.

Khi nh cp mi cp phi rng (tu thuc vo bin php thi cng) my san v my m hot n. Mi b mt ngang cp s bt u t giao im gia mt t thin nhin v cnh thng ng ca cp trc. Vt liu nh cp s c p b bng vt liu p nn ph hp, cng loi v m cht cng vi vt liu mi ca nn p. Vic nh cp v o rnh thot nc phi lun c gi cho mt nn trc khi p kh ro.

V bin php thi cng ni chung c th tu trng hp m s dng c gii l chnh hoc th cng l chnh.

Trong trng hp b rng m thm rng my c th i ln xung c th dng c th trc tip cho xe vn chuyn t trc tip ti v tr thi cng sau dng i san s b sau dng my san san phng v cho my lu m cht ti cht yu cu. Nu xe khng th trc tip ti v tr thi cng c th t c ng ti v tr thch hp sau dng my i vn chuyn t v san thnh lp m ln.

Trong trng hp b rng m thm hp hoc trng hp p t trn sn dc m phn m thm li pha thp lc ny dng bin php thi cng bng th cng hoc dng phng n chuyn t bng cc loi my (i, t,) t cc on nn o m rng hay t cc m t dc tuyn n v t trn ng c y t xung p phn m rng. Ch rng t xung n u phi dng nhn lc san thnh lp v m nn n .

Trong cc trng hp ni trn, ni chung nn dng cc loi my m c kh nng lm vic trn din cng tc hp nh m cc izen my m mini, Ch a my lu xung khi a hnh cho php, khi lng cng tc ln, p m thm cc on di, v c bit khi b rng m thm rng ( >2,5m ).

Sau khi hon thnh phn vic thi cng th c th dng mi bin php nh i vi vic xy dng nn ng mi tip tc tn cao nn p t n cao thit k mi.

i vi nn p u cc cng trnh nhn to:

Nu t p lin k kt cu hoc ch da vo 1 bn ca m cu, tng cnh, tr cu, tng chn, cc cng ti ch hoc tng u cng hoc r ch tin hnh p khi kt cu b tng t hn 70% cng thit k v phi ht sc cn thn sao cho din tch k st ngay cng trnh khng b m qu nhanh n mc c th gy lt hoc gy p lc qu ln i vi cng trnh.

Khi nn p qua ch trc kia l cc h o t trc, hoc cc ch khc nhau m khng dng c thit b m thng thng vic thi cng nn p nhng ch phi theo ng yu cu quy nh cho vic lp h mng cho n khi c th dng thit b m thng thng.

i vi trng hp ly t t thng u:

Khi ly t t cc thng u cnh ng phi c chiu rng thm an ton ti thiu cho trong bng sau:

B rng thm bo v khi xy dng nn p c thng u

Chiu cao nn p< 2m2 3m 3 6m6 12m

B rng thm an tonKhng qui nh 1.00m2.00m4.00m

Chiu su ca thng u thng l 1m v trong mi trng hp c th cng khng c ln hn 2m

Cng tc p vt liu chn lc:

M t cng vic: bao gm vic cung cp , ri v m cht cc lp vt liu lp sau ca m cu, cng bn, tng chn t,...

Vt liu lp t sau m c th s dng bao gm si, si nghin, nghin, ct t nhin hoc hn hp ca cc loi vt liu . Vt liu phi ph hp t l thnh phn ht quy nh sau y:

Bng quy nh thnh phn ht vt liu p sau m

Sng tiu chun (mm)% lt qua sng (theo trng lng)

50

25,0

9,5

2,00

0,425

0,07580 100

30 100

12 30

7 15

2 10

0 - 5

Cc vt liu p khc tu theo yu cu ca h s thit k c duyt hoc theo yu cu ca TVGS m c thnh phn khc nhau.

Yu cu thi cng:

Vt liu lp mng cng trnh c ri thnh tng lp bng cc phng php quy nh trong mc o mng cng trnh v lp li theo ch dn ca TVGS.

khng ch v gim bt p lc t theo chiu ngang vt liu lp mng c xp sau m trong phm vi quy nh ca h s thit k hoc ch dn ca TVGS.

Trong bt k trng hp no vt liu c kch c trn 90mm xp sau m, tng cnh hoc tng chn cng khng c mng hn 900mm (o thng gc vi mt sau ca tng).

Khng c php dng cc phng php phun vt liu hoc cc phng php thu lc khc phun c p lc cc vt liu lng hoc na lng p sau m.

Vt liu c ri thnh tng lp v c m bng cc thit b m thch hp hoc dng m ri c kh hoc m tay. Mi lp s m n cht theo quy nh trong h s thit k. Chiu dy cha m ln phi c ri sao cho bo m t c chiu dy m ln qui nh. Mi lp p ch c s dng loi vt liu ng nht c th cho php t cht quy nh, nhng trong bt k trng hp no chiu dy m cht ca mi lp t ny cng khng c qu 150mm. m ca vt liu lp mn phi ng nht v trong phm vi gii hn m trong h s thit k hoc ch dn ca T vn gim st.

nhng ch ghi trn h s thit k hoc do T vn gim st yu cu vic lp vt liu sau m phi ph hp theo yu cu nu trc. t p chung quanh m c m cht vi cng cht nh t nn ng xung quanh v k bn nhng khng nh hn 90%.

Mi vt liu o ra xp vt liu sau m s do kinh ph Nh thu chu.

4. Cc bin php m bo giao thng v cht lng cng trnh khi thi cng phn nn:

Trong qu trnh thi cng Nh thu phi c s lng my san san phng b mt lp t va ri trc khi v trong khi tin hnh vic m ln. Ngoi ra cng phi ht sc ch ti cc cng tc lin quan ti cng vic thot nc khu vc thi cng.

Nh thu phi lm y cc th nghim yu cu v t tr khi cc bn v c qui nh khc i, Nh thu phi m nn vt liu trn tt c cc lp nn p ln hn 50cm bn di cao ca lp mng ng cho n khi t c cht ng u khng thp hn 95% cht Proctor ti a tiu chun (AASHTO T99) vi m c T vn gim st ph chun l thch hp vi cht tng ng. Nghim thu cht m nn c th phi cn c trn c phng thc lu ln.

Cc lp nn p 50cm hoc t hn di cao y mng phi c m nn ti mt cht u khng t hn 100% cht ln nht ca Proctor tiu chun (AASHTO T99) hoc 95% cht ln nht ca Proctor ci tin (AASHTO T180) vi m dao ng trong khong t thp hn 3% hoc cao hn 1% m ti u. m ti u s c xc nh l m m ti thu c cht ti a khi m nn t. i vi c loi t cha hn 10% vt liu cn trn sng, cht ti a thu c phi c iu chnh i vi vt liu qu c theo ch dn ca T vn gim st.

t nht c 1500m2 ca mi lp t p m nn phi tin hnh mt nhm gm 3 th nghim cht ti ch. Cc th nghim phi c thc hin n ht chiu dy ca lp t.

Nh thu phi bo v cho mt nn ng khi b h hi bng cch thi hnh cc bin php bo v khi T vn gim st thy cn thit. B mt nn ng phi lun lun c gi trong iu kin sn sng thot nc. Cao mt nn ng phi c kim tra v chp thun cho chuyn giai on trc khi vt liu ca cc lp mng mt ng (lp sub-base) c ri ln trn .

Trc khi p: Nh thu s trnh K s t vn m vt liu ni cung cp t vn xc nh tr lng cn dng v phi trnh chng ch th nghim vt liu cho TVGS kim tra v c s ng ca TVGS.

Khi tp kt my mc, thit b y ti cng trng, m t c th nghim v c TVGS chp thun tin hnh di th im.

m th im

- Vi mi loi vt liu dng p nn ng cn phi lm th nghim xc nh dung trng kh ln nht ((max), m tt nht (Wo) v phm vi m yu cu cho vic m ln.

- c cng ngh m ln hp l chnh xc trc khi thi cng i tr cm m th im nhm xc nh chng loi, m hp l tng ng, trnh t, s lt lu ln ca thit b m cho tng loi vt liu, chiu dy tng lp m 0,5 hoc c lp t yu bn di c quyn thng bo cho Ch u t lm pht sinh.

2. Kim tra x l nn t yu:

Vic thi cng x l nn t yu phi c kim tra theo cc ni dung theo h s thit k k thut quy nh, trng hp h s thit k k thut khng quy nh c th, th da vo quy m, tnh cht ca bin php x l m quyt nh ni dung, khi lng cng vic, m bo tin cy trong vic nh gi hiu qu ca cng tc x l.

3. Kim tra cht lng t p:

Dng t p nn ng phi ly th nghim v c T vn gim st chp thun. Trong cc trng hp khc phi kim tra xc minh cc ch tiu c l ca vt liu v trnh Ch u t, khi c vn bn thng nht mi c php s dng.

Mi loi t dng p phi c t nht 2 th nghim.

4. Kim tra tr s (Cmax

- Tr s trn theo yu cu ca k thut. Nhng trong qu trnh thi cng vi khi lng t p ln th c 2.000 m3, hoc theo ch dn ca gim st u phi lm th nghim m nn xc minh li (Cmax.

- Mi ln th nghim xc minh cng phi thc hin 3 th nghim.

- Xc nh tr s trn tin hnh trn dng c m nn tiu chun ti thiu 5 mu vi m tt nht.

5. Kim tra cht ca t p:

cht phi kim tra theo tng lp, nht thit khng thi cng t, khi lng kim tra nh sau:

Ti cc v tr thng thng c 250 md kim tra cht mt t hp 03 mu bt k theo ch dn ca T vn gim st hin trng.

Hai bn thn cng, trn nh cng c mi lp p 30cm kim tra 1-3 im

Ch tip gip gia 2 n v thi cng kim tra 5 im dc theo mi tip gip.

Ti mt im kim tra, th nghim 2 mu 2 su, mt na trn v mt na di lp p.

i vi nn ng o cng kim tra cht v cng nn ng bng tm p cng c 250m kim tra mt im.Cc im kim tra b tr u trn b mt.

6. Phng php kim tra:

Tu theo loi t, vic xc nh tr s khi lng th tch kh thc hin theo cc phng php sau:

- Phng php thng p dng l phng php rt ct. i vi vt liu khc c th p dng phng php khc.

- i vi t ct (t c ch s do nh hn 7) v cc loi ct, dng phao th cht, hoc phng php dao vng theo quy trnh: QT1475Q; QT1054.QKT.

- i vi cc li t st, t st dng phng php dao vng theo QT1457Q.

- i vi cc loi t ln si sn m dao vng khng ly mu c phi dng phng php rt ct theo: 22TCN 13-79.

- Cc dng c kim tra cht phi c c quan kim tra hiu chnh thng xuyn theo quy nh.

7. Quy nh sai s v cht:

- Lp t p c coi l t yu cu khi c ti 90% s mu ly kim tra t c gi tr quy nh, 10% s mu cn li ch thp hn tr s quy nh 0.01 v ch c phn tn ri rc.

- Nu cht khng m bo phi x l ri kim tra li. Ch c php thi cng lp tip theo khi lp trc kim tra t yu cu.

- Trong qu trnh kim tra cn theo di quy trnh lu ln v kt qu cht t c. Nu thy cc kt qu tri ngc nhau gia cng lu v cht phi tm hiu nguyn nhn v tm bin php x l.

- C th dng cc bin php n gin nh tru xuyn ng kim tra s b trc, khi thy c kh nng t yu cu mi kim tra chnh thc theo quy nh.

8. Kim tra cht lng nn ng khi hon thnh:

Khi p nn ng n cao thit k phi kim tra tng th theo cc ni dung quy nh quy trnh k thut thi cng v nghim thu nn ng st, ng b s 1660.QTT.4 ca b GTVT ban hnh v cc quy nh sau:

TTNi dung kim traBin phpKhi lng

1Bnh hng tuynMy kinh v + Thc thp

2Cao mt ct dc theo tim ngMy cao c50m 1 cc

3Cc kch thc hnh hc ca b tng - dc taluyThc thp50m 1 cc

4Siu caoMy thu bnh5 mt ct

1 ng cong

5 bng phng ca nn ng v ca mi taluyThc 3m50m 1im

6Kim tra vic trng c, xy p mi ta luy bo vCc bin php thng thng

Sai s i vi tng ch tiu theo quy nh ca bng di y:

TTTn ch tiu kim traGi tr sai s cho php

1Hng tuyn theo tim ng (nhng khng to thm ng cong ph)10 cm

2Cao trc dc tim ng. Nhng khng c lm tng thm dc dc qu 0.5% v ch c sai s cc b khng c c lm gim mt cch c h thng chiu dy mt ng.( 2 cm

3 bng phng ca nn ng ( li lm trn chiu di thuc 3m)5 cm

4B rng nn ng khng c thiu ht qu(10 cm

5 dc ngang nn ng khng qu5%

6Mc tng dc taluy (tnh theo % so vi dc taluy thit k):

Khi chiu cao p di 2m

Khi chiu cao p 2 6m

Khi chiu cao p trn 6m7%

4%

2%

7 bng phng ca mt taluy trn chiu di thc 3m5 cm

8Cc kch thc ca rnh dc (nhng ch l cc b)( 5 cm

9 dc dc (tnh theo % so vi dc thit k) khng qu0.25%

10Lng mu c cht nh hn 1% cht thit k lng mu khng qu5%

11Cng ca nn ng (E)Khng c thp hn tr s T.K (Etk)

- Cc sai s cho php nu bng trn l gi tr cho php ti a, ch c php sai st cc b khng qu 5% s im kim tra v phi nm phn tn, khng c tp trung ti mt vng.

Nghim thu nh gi cht lng:

- Trc khi thi cng lp mng ng phi nghim thu nh gi cht lng ca nn ng.

- Cng vic nghim thu ch c tin hnh khi cc ni dung kim tra c thc hin y v cht lng t yu cu thit k.

- Kt thc cng vic phi lp bin bn nghim thu chuyn bc cng on tip tc xy dng cc cng vic tip theo.Chng 2

Thi cng mt ng

I. thi cng lp cp phi si sui mt ng 20cm

1. Yu cu v vt liu phi si sui (CPSS):

Cp phi si sui l mt hn hp ct liu, c cu trc thnh phn ht theo nguyn l cp phi cht lin tc gm c cp phi si, cui c chn lc v ct ht ln nht khng vt qu 12cm vi t l 8%, thnh phn cp phi gm 4x6 chim khong 65%, ngoi ra c thnh phn 0,5x1 chim khong 11% v phn cn li l t (cht kt dnh).

- 4x6 c khai thc ti m Km5, vn chuyn n chn cng trnh, tp kt vo bi trung gian, tin hnh trn t chn lc (t kt dnh) theo t l quy nh.

- t dnh c dng l loi t st c ch s do Ip=15-25. Lng t st dng vo khong 24% khi lng. tng n nh vi nc, c th trn thm vo t t 2-3% vi.

2. Bin php thi cng, nghim thu:

Trnh t thi cng lp dm kp t nh sau:

a. Cng tc chun b: bao gm lm khun ng, b tr cc ng vt liu, sa li lng ng v chun b nc bn. Nc bn l hn hp t dnh vi nc theo t l th tch l 1: 0,8 n 1:1,1 l c. Sau khuy u m bo c mt st nht nh.

b. Ri dm: ri u dm thnh mt lp vi chiu dy bng chiu dy thit k (0,2m) nhn vi h s ln xp (h s ri xp), ri sa sang to hnh mui luyn.

c. Lu ln s b: dng lu nh (loi 6-8T), lu vi tc chm, s lt lu khong 3-4 ln/im cho n nh.

d. Ti nc bn: ti nc bn t tim ng sang hai bn, t ch cao xung ch thp, phi ti u, va l u nhn ra l .

e. Ri vt liu chn: Sau khi ti nc bn, ch khong 1-2 gi, i cho nc bn thm u xung di, trc khi b mt cha kh th phi ri ngay vt liu chn v phi dng chi cng qut cho vt liu lt u vo cc khe trn mt lp dm.

Lu ln: Sau khi ri xong vt liu chn th dng lu nng (12 tn) lu ngay. S ln lu khong 4-6 lt/im cho nc bn thm u trn b mt t dnh vi vt liu chn. Khi lu ln, kp thi b ph va bn, b chn. Nu b mt qu kh th ti m, nu qu m th phi i cho se li mi lu.Chng 3

Thi cng cng trnh cu, cng, rnh thot nc, tng chn, gia c mi ta luy, b va hI. c cu kin b tng:

Tin hnh sn xut ngay cc cu kin b tng sau khi khi cng cng trnh.

Cu kin b tng c sn bao gm:

- Cc dm, tm bn b tng c sn .

- ng cng cc loi (ng D75; D100; D150; D200).

- t cng lp gp.

- Cc tiu, cc H, ct Km.

Bin php thi cng:

1. c ng cng- ng cng bao gm cc loi: ng trn ng knh 75; 100, 150, 200cm.

- Trong qu trnh trin khai thi cng Nh thu s tin hnh san mt bng trong phm vi tuyn.

- ng cng c c ti cng trng gn v tr tuyn, trong qu trnh c ng cng khng gy cn tr vic thi cng nn ng.

- Vn khun v cng ngh c ng cng c nh thu ngh v c T vn gim st chp thun.

- Thit b, vn khun trc khi a vo s dng phi c T vn gim st chp thun v nghim thu bng vn bn.

- B tng c trn bng my trn 250L.

- Dng cu 10T h tr tho lp vn khun, ct thp, vn chuyn ng cng n cc v tr quy nh.

- ng cng phi c ng kch thc hnh hc, ng mc BT, ct thp quy nh trong bn v thi cng c duyt, v c chp thun ca T vn gim st.

- Vic chp thun nhng ng cng sn xut da trn kt qu kim tra ca cc th nghim mu p c bo dng trong phng th nghim ph hp vi nhng yu cu chung vi mc BT quy nh.

- Nhng ng qua th nghim khng t yu cu v cng (nhng khng mu no di sc chu ti ca thit k quy nh 80%) c nh du c th c ng vi iu kin l ton b chiu di ca cng s dng nhng ng y phi c bc cn thn bng b tng M200 chiu dy ti thiu ca b tng ng cng s bng 1/4 ng knh trong ng cng v vt hai bn ng cng n chiu cao bng 1/4 ng knh ngoi ng cng v c T vn gim st chp thun.

- Nhng ng cng nn mu khng t 80% cng thit k s b loi b.

2. Sn xut cng hp, dm cng bn c sn, tm bn ca cng, rnh, cc tiu, cc H, cc Km:

- Gia cng, lp t ct thp, lp vn khun.

- Trn b tng bng my trn 250L, ra hc cha v vo khun c.

- m b tng bng m bn, xoa hon thin b mt bng th cng.

- Bo dng b tng bng bao ti gai, ti nc trong sut thi gian ninh kt ca b tng.

iI. Cng tc b tng

1. Vt liu cho b tng:

a. Ximng:

Xi mng dng trong qu trnh thi cng l xi mng PC30, theo tiu chun PCB30 - TCVN 2682-1992 c mua trn cc i l c thng hiu trn th trng.

Cc yu cu k thut c bn:

+ Tho mn cc quy nh trong tiu chun PC B30 TCVN 2682 - 1992.

+ Cc bao ng xi mng phi kn, khng rch thng.

+ Ngy, thng, nm sn xut, s hiu xi mng c ghi r rng trn cc bao hoc c giy chng nhn ca nh my. Nh thu s cn c vo s liu xi mng s dng cho ph hp vi yu cu k thut ca cng trnh.

Nh thu c k hoch s dng xi mng theo l khi cn thit c th d tr nhng thi gian d tr cc l xi mng khng c vt qu 03 thng k t ngy sn xut v khng lu kho qu 01 thng.

Nh thu tin hnh kim tra cng xi mng i vi cc trng hp sau:

- Xi mng d tr qu thi hn quy nh trn hoc xi mng vn cc trong thi gian d tr do bt k nguyn nhn no.

- Do nguyn nhn no gy ra s nghi ng v cng xi mng khng p ng vi chng nhn ca nh my.

Xi mng s dng cho cng tc xy lp, b tng ca cng trnh s t cc tiu chun sau:

- Chng loi: S dng xi mng PC30 ca Nh my xi mng Bt Sn, Bm Sn, Kansai hoc loi ximng c cht lng tng ng t TCVN 2682:1992 v c y giy chng nhn cht lng xi mng km theo vi ni dung nh sau:

+ Tn c s sn xut.

+ Tn gi k hiu mc v cht lng xi mng theo tiu chun TCVN 2682-1992; TCVN 4029-82, TCVN 4032-82; TCVN 4787-89; ng thi t tiu chun 14-TCN 66-88 - Xi mng dng cho b tng thu cng - Yu cu k thut.

+ Loi v hm lng ph gia (nu c): Trong trng hp nh thu cn y nhanh tin thi cng, nh thu d kin s dung ph gia ng kt nhanh (Sikament v.v...).

+ Khi lng xi mng xut xng v s hiu l.

+ Ngy, thng, nm sn xut.

- Vic kim tra cht lng xi mng s phi da vo cc tiu chun sau: TCVN 139-64; TCVN 140-64; TCVN 141-64.

- Xi mng s phi c ng bao giy kraf c t nht 4 lp hoc loi bao PP m bo khng b rch khi vn chuyn.

- Vn chuyn xi mng: Vn chuyn bng xe t c thit b che ma v khng vn chuyn chung vi cc loi ho cht c nh hng n cht lng xi mng.

- Bo qun xi mng: Ti cng trng c kho cha xi mng, xi mng c t trn sn g k cao hn mt t t nht 0,5m trnh m, k cch tng t nht 20 cm, khng xp cao qu 10 hng.

- Nh thu c k hoch s dng xi mng theo l khi cn thit c th d tr nhng thi gian d tr cc l xi mng khng c vt qu 03 thng k t ngy sn xut v khng lu kho qu 01 thng.

- Xi mng mua, vn chuyn t cc i l gn nht ti cng trnh.

b. Ct liu:

- Ct liu c a vo thi cng m bo phi cng, bn, sch, khng ln tp cht nh hng ti cng v bn ca b tng.

- Ct liu ln cn c cp phi ph hp vi bt k loi ct liu nh no.

- Ct liu nh (ct) tho mn cc yu cu ca TCVN 1770-86: Ct xy dng Yu cu k thut.

+ Ct th (ct vng) sch c mduyl ( 2,5

+ Khng ln st, st v tp cht khc dng cc

+ Hm lng ht ln trn 5mm khng ln hn 10%.

+ Hm lng mui sunfat tnh ra SO3 ( 3%

+ Hm lng mica (1%

+ Hm lng tp cht hu c th theo phng php so mu khng thm hn mu ca dung dch trn ct ((3%).

- Ct liu ln ( dm, si) m bo yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN 1771-87 dm, si dng trong xy dng.

- Cc thng s k thut yu cu i vi ct liu:

+ Mc ca dm khng nh hn 600 Kg/cm2. Ring dng cho c dm khng nh hn 800 kg/m2

+ Hm lng ht thoi dt (c chiu rng hoc dy (1/3 chiu di, khng vt qu 10% theo khi lng.

+ Hm lng ht mm yu v phong ho (1%

+ Hm lng ht st, bn, bi (0.25%

- Vi mi l ct liu th, u phi km theo giy chng nhn cht lng ca ni sn xut vi cc ni dung:

+ Tn c s sn xut

+ Tn , si.

+ S th t ca l, thi gian sn xut.

+ Kt qu ca ch tiu cht lng kim tra.

+ S hiu ca tiu chun dng th nghim.

+ Ch k ca trng KCS c s sn xut.

- Nc dng trn b tng l nc c ly t cc sui dc theo hai bn ng thi cng. Nu c yu cu ca ch u t chng ti s tin hnh phn tch, m bo ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN 4506-87 Nc cho b tng v va.

- Trc khi s dng bt c loi ph gia no chng ti cng s trnh cc c tnh k thut v ch dn s dng cho t vn gim st trc khi s dng. Qu trnh s dng chng ti lun tun th ng liu lng v mc ch.

2. Ch to b tng

a. Cp phi v kim tra cp phi:

Chng ti s thu cc phng th nghim thit k cp phi v kim tra mu. Cng tc thit k thnh phn vt liu trong b tng s do c s th nghim c t cch php nhn thc hin. Kt qu th nghim phi c t vn gim st chp thun th chng ti mi p dng trn hn hp b tng cho hng mc cng trnh.

Khi thit k cp phi b tng phi m bo nguyn tc:

- S dng ng cc vt liu s dng thi cng.

- st hoc cng ca hn hp b tng xc nh tu thuc tnh cht ca hng mc cng trnh, hm lng ct thp, phng php vn chuyn, phng php m, iu kin thi tit.

- m bo cht lng ximng ti thiu theo quy nh ti iu 4-3 TCVN 5724 1993.

S mu dng trong qu trnh thit k v cp phi tun th theo tiu chun TCVN 4453-1995 tr khi c hng dn khc ca T vn gim st.

Khng tin hnh b tng khi cha c kt qu thit k cp phi c duyt v phi tin hnh thit k li cp phi nu ngun gc vt liu hn hp b tng thay i.

Vic hiu chnh thnh phn b tng ti hin trng c tin hnh theo nguyn tc khng lm thay i t l N/X ca thnh phn b tng thit k.

- iu chnh tnh d lm vic: Nu thy khng th t c b tng vi tnh cht yu cu vi cc t l lc u, chng ti s thay i cc trng lng si cn thit, song khng trng hp no lm thay i hm lng ximng ch nh ban u hoc t l nc/ ximng c xc nh bng cch th cng nn dn n cng tng xng b tng ln. Khng nho trn li va trn bng cch thm nc hoc bng cc cch khc. Ch trn thm cht ph gia lm tng tnh d lm vic nu c s chp thun ca t vn gim st.

- iu chnh cng : Nu b tng khng t c cng quy nh hoc chp thun, chng ti s tin sa i thit k hn hp theo yu cu ca t vn gim st.

- iu chnh v c vt liu mi : Nu cn thit phi thy i ngun ly vt liu hoc thay i tnh cht vt liu chng ti s ngng thi cng cho n khi c vn bn chp thun vt liu mi v ch nh t l mi da trn cc th nghim ca T vn gim st.

b. Ch to hn hp

Ximng, ct, dm v cht ph gia bt c cn theo khi lng. Nc v cht ph gia lng cn ong theo th tch.

Sai lch cho php khi cn ong:

- Ximng v cht ph gia dng bt:(1%

- Ct, dm hoc si:

(3%

- Nc v ph gia lng:

(1%

chnh xc ca thit b cn ong phi c kim tra trc mi t b tng v c theo di thng xuyn.

Hn hp b tng c trn bng my trn. Thi gian trn ti thiu tu thuc vo c trng thit b dng v st b tng tng thit k ph hp vi tiu chun quy nh nhng khng t hn 2,5 pht.

Khi dng xi mng ng bao, khi lng mt m c tnh ton sao cho khi lng xi mng cn thit bng mt hoc nhiu bao chn xi mng. Cc ct liu c o ring bng trng lng. Khi lng mt m khng vt qu dung tch nh mc ca my trn.

Trc khi a vo my trn, cc ct liu si tnh trng bo ho v duy tr trong tnh trng m t, vi mt m gn ti trng thi kh b mt bo ho bng cch ti nh k cc ng si bng nc . Lc cn cho vo my trn , ln ti nc cui cng phi cch trc t nht 24 gi m bo ng c thot nc .

B tng c trn trong mt my thao tc c gii thuc loi v kch thc c chp thun, my m bo phn phi vt liu u trong ton khi.

My trn c trang b thng cha nc thch hp v c dng c o chnh xc v khng ch lng nc cho mi m.

My trn trc ht np v xi mng, ri my bt u chy, trc khi nc c a vo.

Thi gian trn c tnh t khi nc c a vo vt liu ca hn hp kh. Nc c a vo ht trc khi 1/4 thi gian trn tri qua.

Ti ni khng th s dng my trn, chng ti tin hnh trn b tng bng tay, gn vi lc b tng.

c. Vn chuyn v b tng:

Vic vn chuyn hn hp b tng t ni trn n ni c tnh ton sao cho b tng khng b phn tng chy nc ximng hoc mt nc.

Thi gian lu tr hn hp b tng trong qu trnh vn chuyn khng s dng ph gia ti a l 45 pht ( trong iu kin nhit t 200C( 300C).

Tt c cc chn , mng v h o cho cng trnh c gi kh v b tng khng ln t c bn, rc ri, hoc c vt liu l khc, hoc trong nc.

Trc khi bt u b tng, tt c vn khun, ct thp v cc th c chn vo trong b tng c t chnh xc v buc an ton, c gi khng chuyn v do cng tc b tng.

Tt c cc h mng o v h mng u c s chp nhn ca t vn gim st trc khi t vn khun hoc ct thp hoc b tng.

Ti ni c s chp thun ca t vn gim st, khun t c to thnh bng cch o, cc mt bn v y c sa sang bng tay theo ng kch thc yu cu. Dn sch t ri rc trc khi b tng.

Trc khi b tng chng ti s thng bo cho t vn gim st bit trc bng vn bn v cho n khi t vn gim st kim tra xong vn khun v ct thp v chp thun chng ti mi tin hnh b tng trc s chng kin ca t vn gim st t u n cui.

Ngay trc khi b tng, vn khun c lm bo ho nc hoc c ph bn trong bng du khong cht khng lm bn.

Vic b tng m bo khng lm sai lch v tr ct thp, v tr ct pha v chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp.

B tng c lin tc cho n khi hon thnh mt kt cu hoc n mch dng k thut ca cu kin.

Cc mch dng k thut khi b tng c xc nh trong bn v thit k t chc thi cng c th ph hp vi tnh cht lm vic ca tng loi cu kin v c s chp thun ca t vn gim st.

B mt tip xc ca b tng c c x l lm nhm, lm m v sch. m nn k va b tng mi m bo tnh lin khi.

Trong qu trnh b tng chng ti lun c gng dng cc bin php chng phn tng cho b tng gia cc ht to v ht nh trong hn hp.

Khi vo cc kt cu c vn khun phc tp v dy c ct thp, b tng c thnh tng lp nm ngang khng dy qu 15cm.

B tng khng ri t do vo trong vn khun t cao ln hn 150cm.

Qu trnh b tng c thc hin vi mt tc sao cho b tng trc kt hp vi b tng ti lc cn ang do.

Phng php b tng, m b tng c th hin y trong thit k t chc thi cng chi tit c t vn gim st chp thun, ph hp vi yu cu c th ca tng loi b phn cu kin (b tng di nc, b tng dm, b tng khi ln).

Khi thi cng c th tin hnh dng nhiu loi m khc nhau m nhng lun phi m bo b tng c m cht khng r.

C kt:

B tng c c kt bng cc m rung trong hoc ngoi c s ng ca T vn gim st. Khi cn nu c s chp thun ca T vn gim st, m rung c h tr bng cch xc x beng m bo vic c kt thch ng, ng mc. Khng dng m rung dn b tng t ch ny ti ch khc trong vn khun.

Trong khi c kt m bo cho tt c cc gc v gia cc ct thp v xung quanh ct thp c nhi y , khng lm dch chuyn khung ct thp, tt c cc l rng v bong bng khng kh c lp y.

Vic rung c hn ch trong thi gian cn thit lm cho b tng c kt nhng khng lm phn tn cc vt liu.

Cc m rung ngoi c la chn c kh nng to t nht 5000 chu k/pht khi dng b tng c st 2.5 hoc t hn.

m rung trong c a thng ng vo trong b tng t cho m xung tn y ca b tng mi v lm c kt b tng trn ton b chiu su ca on . m rung sau c rt ln t t v li a vo v tr cch cch khng xa qu 45cm. m rung khng t ti mt v tr lu qu 30 giy, khng c dng dn b tng sang v tr khc v khng c chm vo ct thp.

d. Bo dng v hon thin:

Sau khi b tng c bo dng trong iu kin m. Thi gian bo dng t nht trong ma kh l 7 ngy, ma ma l 3 ngy v theo ch dn ca T vn gim st.

e. Mu th b tng:

Cc mu th nghim xc nh cng b tng c ly ngay ti ni b tng v c bo dng ph hp vi quy nh ca tiu chun TCVN 3105 - 1993.

Kch thc chun ca mu th l khi lp phng 150 x 150 x 150 mm s lng mu th tu theo khi lng b tng c quy nh theo quy phm:

IiI. Cng tc ct thp

1. Yu cu chung:

Ct thp dng trong cu kin BTCT c gia cng lp, t ng bn v thit k, ph hp vi bn v t chc thi cng c duyt.

Ct thp s dng phi ph hp vi TCVN 1651 85 B tng ct Thp v phi c chng ch k thut ca c s sn xut km theo.

Tt c cc loi ct thp a vo s dng cho thi cng cng trnh phi c ly mu kim tra theo TCVN 197-85 v TCVN 198-85 Kim loi, phng php th ko, th un. m bo cc tnh cht c l sau:

Nhm ct thpng knh (mm)Gii hn chy (daN/cm2)Cng cc hn (daN/cm2) gin di tng i (%)Th nghim un ngui

c: dy trc un

d: ng knh ct thp

Khng nh hn

AI

AII

AIII6-40

10-40

10-402.200

3.000

4.0003.800

5.000

6.00025

19

14C =0.5d-180oC =3d-180oC =3d-90o

- Thp cc loi: S dng thp tnh cht c l m bo theo ng TCVN m bo cng v cc ch tiu k thut theo h s thit k ca ch u t, trc khi em s dng vo cng trnh c th nghim cc ch tiu m bo theo ng tiu chun ca thit k ra:

- Thp cn c g v trn trn- Cng theo ng h s thit k.

- Thp hnh thp bn CT5.

Ct thp s dng trong cng trnh m bo cc tnh nng k thut quy nh trong tiu chun v ct thp.

Trc khi a vo s dng thp c kim tra ti cc c quan c thm quyn theo yu cu ca ch u t ch khi t yu cu v cng ct thp mi c a vo s dng.

Nh thu s dng ct thp theo ng yu cu v nhm, s hiu v ng knh thp quy nh trong bn v thi cng cng trnh.

Trong trng hp cn thit, vic thay i ct thp (ng knh, chng loi) nht thit phi c s ng ca T vn Thit k.

Nu phi s dng ct thp x l ngui thay ct thp cn nng nht thit phi c s ng ca T vn thit k v Ch u t. Khi dng ct thp c ng knh ln thay th ct thp ng knh nh phi kim tra lc dnh gia b tng v ct thp, ng thi kim tra kh nng chng nt ca cu kin.

Ct thp c gia cng theo nguyn tc to thnh cc b phn chc chn, vn chuyn v lp dng d dng.

Vic ni buc ct thp ch dng khi khi lng ct thp khng ln hoc ti cc v tr kt cu khng cho php hn.

Ct thp trc khi gia cng v trc khi b tng phi m bo:

- B mt sch, khng dnh bn t, du m, khng c vy st v cc lp g.

- Cc thanh thp b bp, b gim tit din do lm sch hoc do cc nguyn nhn khc khng vt qu gii hn cho php l 2% ng knh.

- Ct thp cn c ko, un, nn thng.

Khng c qut nc xi mng ln ct thp phng r trc khi b tng. Nhng on thp ch tha ra ngoi khi b tng ln trc phi lm sch b mt, co ht va xi mng dnh bm t trc.

Vic bo qun ct thp cn theo tng nhm ring v c bin php chng n mn, chng r.

2. Gia cng ct thp

a. Ct un ct thp.

Vic ct un ct thp ch thc hin bng cc phng php c hc ph hp vi hnh dng, kch thc thit k.

Sai lch cho php vi i vi ct thp gia cng:

- V kch thc chiu di ca ct thp chu lc:

+ Mi mt di:

(5mm

+ Ton b chiu di:

(20mm

- Sai lch v v tr im un:

(20mm

- Sai lch v gc un ct thp:

30

- Sai lch v kch thc mc un:+a

(a l chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp)

b. Hn ct thp

Vic hn ct thp tu theo iu kin, v tr c th ca cng trnh m chng ti c th chn phng php v cng ngh hn khc nhau, nhng lun phi m bo cht lng cc mi hn theo tiu chun 20 TCN 71-77. Ch dn hn ct thp v cc chi tit t sn trong cu kin BTCT.

Hn h quang c dng khi hn cc thanh thp cn nng c d>8mm, hn ni cc chi tit t sn, cc mi ni trong lp ghp.

Cc mi hn phi m bo:

- B mt nhn, khng chy, khng t qung, khng thu hp cc b v khng c bt.

- C chiu di v chiu cao ng hn theo quy nh ca h s thit k.

c. Ni buc thp.

Khng ni buc cc v tr chu lc ln, ch un cong. Trong mt mt ct ngang tit din kt cu khng ni qu 25% din tch tng cng ca ct thp chu lc i vi ct thp trn trn v khng qu 50% i vi ct thp c g.

Chiu di ni buc ca ct thp chu lc trong cc khung v li ct thp khng nh hn 250mm i vi ct thp chu ko v khng nh hn 30d i vi ct thp c mi ni t trong vng chu nn.

- Dy buc dng loi dy thp mm ng knh 1mm.

- Trong cc mi ni cn buc t nht 3 v tr ( gia v hai u).

Trong mi trng hp cc gc ca ai thp vi thp chu lc phi buc hoc hn dnh 100%.

3. Vn chuyn v lp dng ct thp

Khi vn chuyn ct thp gia cng t ni ch to ti ni lp dng phi p dng cc bin php thch hp khng lm h hng v bin dng thnh phm.

- Nu cn thit phi phn nh cc thnh phm gia cng vn chuyn cu lp phi ph hp vi quy nh thit k v c s chp thun ca T vn gim st.

- Cc im t mc cu, treo buc v cc v tr gi ta khi vn chuyn phi ph hp vi bn v bin php thi cng v m bo khng gy hin tng bin dng d trong ct thp.

Khi lp dng ct thp cn c bin php gi n nh ct thp khng lm bin dng khi b tng v m bo ng v tr thit k.

- Trng hp vn khun lp dng trc, ch cho php lp dng ct thp sau khi kim tra nghim thu xong vn khun.

- m bo chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp, phi t cc m nh v bng xi mng ct gia ct thp v vn khun. Khng cho php dng u mu ct thp, g, hoc cc vt liu khc c th gy n mn ct thp ph hu b tng.

- Sai lch chiu dy lp b tng bo v so vi thit k 3mm i vi lp b tng bo v c chiu dy n 15mm, v (5mm i vi lp b tng bo v c chiu dy ln hn 15mm.

- Sai lch cho php i vi ct thp lp dng:

+ Sai s v khong cch gia cc thanh chu lc c bit:

i vi cc, dm, ct:

(10mm

i vi tng, bn, mng di kt cu khung:

(20mm

i vi kt cu khi ln:

(30mm

+ Sai s v khong cch gia cc hng ct thp khi b tr nhiu hng theo chiu cao:

i vi mng t di kt cu v thit b k thut:

(20mm

i vi dm, khung, bn:

(5mm

+ Sai lch v khong cch gia cc ct ai:

(10mm

+ Sai lch v khong cch gia cc thanh trong hng:(25mm

4. Kim tra

m bo cht lng cng trnh, Nh thu Doanh nghip XD&TM TN Thi Sn chng ti thng xuyn t chc kim tra gim st cht ch trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Cc yu cu trong qu trnh thi cng phi t c l:

- S ph hp ca cht lng, c loi ct thp a vo s dng phi ng vi thit k.

- Cng tc gia cng ct thp, phng php ct un v lm sch b mt ct thp khi gia cng phi m bo. Cc tr s cho php i vi ct thp gia cng phi p ng ng yu cu ca tiu chun k thut.

- Cng tc hn, ni: Xem xt v p dng mt cch ng n v kim tra cht ch cng ngh hn, loi que hn, cht lng mi hn, v tr hn v tr s sai lch cho php.

- m bo s ph hp ca phng tin vn chuyn, cu lp sn phm ct thp gia cng.

- Chng loi, v tr kch thc v s lng ct thp lp dng phi ng vi h s thit k, m bo tr s sai lch cho php i vi cng tc lp dng ct thp.

- m bo s ph hp ca cc loi thp ch v chi tit t sn so vi thit k.

- m bo s ph hp ca cc loi m nh v, con k, mt ca cc im k v sai lch chiu dy lp b tng bo v so vi thit k.

iv. thi cng Sn xut v lp dng vn khun, gio:

m bo cho cc kt cu b tng v kt cu b tng ct thp c hnh dng kch thc hnh hc ng nh thit k, m bo cht lng cho kt cu b tng ca cng trnh, th cng tc thi cng vn khun phi c coi trng. Nh thu chng ti m bo thc hin tt cc nguyn tc di y:

1.Yu cu chung:

- Tt c cc ct pha, cc thanh chng v cc gin gio phi lm bng loi g, thp tm nh hnh c cht lng ph hp hoc bt k loi vt liu no khc c chp nhn, bo m cho vn khun khng b bin dng trong qu trnh t ct thp v b tng.

- Ct pha v gio cn c thit k v thi cng m bo cng, n nh d tho lp khng gy kh khn cho vic t ct thp, v m b tng.

- Ct pha phi c ghp kn, kht khng lm mt nc xi mng khi v m b tng, ng thi bo v c b tng mi di tc dng ca thi tit.

- Ct pha v gio cn gia cng lp dng sao cho m bo ng hnh dng v kch thc ca kt cu theo qui nh thit k.

- Ct pha gio ch to ti nh my bng thp m bo c th s dng lun chuyn nhiu ln i vi cc loi kt cu khc nhau.

- i vi gin gio v tr tm:

+ Nh thu s tin hnh lm cc cng trnh tm, k c tr tm hay gin gio thi cng cc kt cu theo k hoch dng lp c duyt.

+ Tr tm phi c thit k y thi cng cho tt c cc ti trng m n c th phi theo yu cu.

+ Nh thu s trnh T vn gim st cc bn v v tnh ton c lin quan n cng v cc vng lng trc ca tt c cc gin gio v tr tm d kin thc hin v dng.

+ Vic thit k gin gio v tnh ton kh nng chu ti ca nn t phi c tin hnh sao cho nn t c kh nng chu ti u trn mi im.

2.Lp dng vn khun v gio:

- Lp dng ct pha v gio cn m bo cc yu cu sau:

- B mt ct pha tip xc vi b tng cn c chng dnh.

- Tr ca gio phi t vng chc trn nn cng, khng b trt v khng b bin dng khi chu ti trng v tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng.- Khi lp dng ct pha cn c cc mc trc c hoc c cc bin php thch hp thun li cho vic kim tra tim trc v cao ca cc kt cu.

- Trong qu trnh lp t ct pha cn cu to mt l hng thch hp pha di khi c ra mt nn, nc v rc bn c ch thot ra ngoi. Trc khi b tng, cc l ny c bt kn li.

- Vic tho ct pha phi t c hiu qu cho m bo khng gy nn h hi g cho b tng. Chng no b tng cha c cng cn thit th cha c d ct pha. Ch c d khi b tng t 90% cng , nu khc phi c c ch o ca T vn gim st.

3. Kim tra v nghim thu cng tc lp dng ct pha v gio:

Ct pha v gio khi lp dng xong c kim tra theo cc yu cu sau:

- Hnh dng v kch thc c kim tra bng mt v o bng thc.

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