TilE NEWFOlJl\:[)LAND QUARTERLY.

BOWRING BROTHERS, LtST. J OU N' S. NEWfOUNDLAN D

- Established 1811 -

GENERAL MERCHANTS and STEAMSHIP OWNERSWholesale and Retail Dealers in

Dry Goods, Hardware, Groceries and Ships' StoreExporters of

Codfish, Codoil, Cod Liver Oil, Seal Oil and Seal SkinsAgents for " Lloyd's" and Liverpool and London and Globe Insuranc e Company

Iron or Wooden Sealing Ships suitable for Ardic or Antart ic explereticn available for Charter

Sportsmen who intend visiting Newfoundland will find no difficulty in selecting

Guns, Ammunition. Fishing Tackle and Food Supplie... from this finn.

Addren all Communication'T. BOWRING BROTHERS, Ltd., St. J~~::~u.dl..d.

Established 1817.-HEAD OFF IC E: ~IOi'\TRE.\L.

I'RESlIlJ-:xT-Sir Charles Gordon, G.RE.

GENEKAL MANAf;ERS:

W. A. Bog Jackson Dodds.

Capital .Rest and Und ivided P~ofits .Tot.al Assets-In excess o f .

Financialo!t..$..$

$36,000.000.0039.809,820.00

750,000,000.00

Agents for the Government of Canada. ..$ ,JJ

Bankers for the Government of Newfoundland.London, ugland, Branches-41 Threedneedle Street. and 9 Waterloo Place.

Paris. France-Bank of Montreal ,France), 6 Place, Yendcme.

Branches in New York, Cbic:ago, San f rancisco, and every Province of the Dominion or Canada.

Newfoundland-Curling, Comer Brook, Grand falls , St. George's , and Buchan. (Sub-Agency).

St. John's - H . D . SUCKLING, Manage~.

D . O . ATKINSON , Asst . Manage~.

Commercial L etters of Credit, and Travellers' Letters of Credit issued available in all parts of the world.

Special attention ci'en to Suingl Accounts which may be opened by depolits of $1.00 and upwards.

Wilen writing to Advertiser s kindly mention" The Newfoundland Quarterly."

T HE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTE RLY.-I.

FURNESSOperating the Fast and

Up-to-date Steamers" Newfoundland" and " Nova Scotia."

A reg ular serv ice is maintained between SI. l ohn's,Halifax. Boston a nd Liverpool, and vice versa, a nd~aili ng dates are always arranged well in advance.lf you contemplate making a tr ip we sha ll be pleasedto fur nish you with ful1info rma tion, and arrange yourbooking on either of these most popular steamers.

Furness, Withy& Co., Ltd.,51. John's, Nfld., Halifn , N. S., Can., NewYork, N. Y., U. S, A.,

Besten, Man ., U. S. A., Chica,o , III., U. S. A.

Your PrescriptionWiIl Be Filled $

with the utmost ca re and accuracyyou en trus t it to us. W e make aspecia lty of Prescription Work,and have brought our Dispensing De­partment to a high state of efficiency ;over 45 years exper ienc e.

R. G. MacDonald, ua,

LINE.

GUAR DIANASSURANCE CO.. LTD..

Of London. England.JI. ,JA ES1"ARLESIIED 18.1'. ,;A $

T he G uardian has the larges t paid-up capital of anyCompany in the world transacting a Fi re business.

SubKribed Capital . .. $10,000,000.00Paid.up Capital 5,000,000.00Invested Funds exceed· · 25,000,000.00

254 Wat er Street, St. John's.(Opposite Dicks & Cc's.)

T. & M . W IN T ER.A qents for Newfoundland.

a spec ialty.

B . F . PECKHAM,

" TheAmerican Tailor"

Made Clothes

w. P. SHORTALL,THE AMERICAN TAILOR.

P. O. Box 445. 51. John's. Phon. 477.

have the lines tha t are reminiscent of Bond S treetand F ifth Avenue. T he du rability that is foundonly in clothi ng co nscientiously made by a firmproud of its workmanship.

Dress Well and Succeed.

P. O. &1£5034.iu G". ... Streel.

Beef, Mutton, Lamb,Veal, Pork, Poultry.

~ Butter, Eggs, Bacon.

Puddings and Sausages.Corned Beef and Vegetables

"orne of Choice Meats

When writing to Advertis ers kindly mentioR "The Xewtoundland Qu arterly."

TH E NEWFOUNDLAN D QU A RT E RLY.-2.

NEWFOUNDLAND RAilWAY.Best connection between Newfoundlandand Canada and the United States.cs.$ and the Best Freight Line between

.$ CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND. ,$.IRAWLINS CROSS GROCE R Y ,

We Make w. ~I>~E~I~PHY,Provisions, fine urecerfes, fruits,

the Very Best Quality of fresh Meats, Sausages, nco!lHf4~~~~~~~~~~5 "••~;;':.~~;..~~;;~ s;-;~ ;;' ~~dW.,;:~~, w•• .

Manila Rope,

Coir Rope,

Hemp Fishing Lines,

White and Tarred Cotton Fishing Lines,

Hemp Seine Twine,

Cotton Seine Twine,

Herring Nets,

Cotton Linnett.

When anything better is invented

We Shall Make That.

Colonial Cordage Co., Ltd.

JOHN J. FEEHAN,DRUGGIST.

58 WAT ER STREET, WEST.- - - -

PR ESCRIPT IO NS O UR SPECIALTY.We solicit your patr onage.

' P ho ne No. 15 31 . P . o . aex 2123.

1 f:lf: P tl O Nf: 469.

J. T. MARTIN,MORTICIAN .

Embalming attended to.

38 N ew Gower St.reet..

JOB PRINTING,$. ,$.Neatly and Expeditiously done at The QuarterlyOffice, 38 Prescott Street. Fifty-nine years con­tinuous experience in all kinds of Printing inNewfoundland. Personal attention given toevery class of work.

JOHN J. EVANS.

Wheo .,iline to Advertisers kindly mention" Tae Xewfoundl and Qu arterly ."

THE NEW F OUNDLAND QUARTERLY -3.

J ob Brothers & ce., Ltd.,S T. J OH N ·S . N E W F O U N D L A N D .

fienerill MErchilnts and [xporters of Newfoundlilnd Products.Codfish. Cod Oil, Cod Liver Oil. Seal Oil and Skins. Fr ozen Fish,

.. Hubay" and •. Labd or " Brand Frozen Salm on. Berr ies. &c.Provisions, Grocer ies, Naval St ores. F ishing Supplies, Salt , &c.

MOREY'S COALW elsh and Ameri can Anthracite. North Sydney Screened Coal, Besco Coke.

AGENTS FOR :Royal Insurance Co., Ltd., Liverpool (F ire and Li fe ), National Fire Insurance Co., of Hartford ,

Union Marine and General Insurance Co., Ltd., Liverpool.

MANAGERS OF :Vngava Steamship Company, Limited.- S.s . " Ungava." 55... Neptune," 5 .S." T het is."

353 Duclf,worth Street, St. John's. Nf ld.

- Import ers of-

( Successors 10 J. D. Ryan.)

·P honc 40.P. O. Bo,," 864

Distributors of

CORONA TEA.

Groceries and Provisions.

CLANCY & CO., LTD•

THE MASTER CRAFTSMEN OF MEMORIAL ART.

Skinner's Monumental Works,3 6 9 O u ck \N orth Stre et,

P.O. Box . 2 2 , I': $tal>li.hed .8,•.

1874· OUR DIAMOND JUBILEE - 1934.. m arft & " er\l P tet.'

<7l~ Th ON: .. holo,·eand ... memberV l1, I PS" ba n iI ~:lcrfll. mi..loonto pt'rfor ......,., ,,,,. T he ~,«tion of a 5uit~ble

d I;::" me and memoNl is the 6n~1 t"bute th at

7f ea t(;r 1>~n~:~.:.::n..~:::~ caned~nd lett ered by th e Slo.... "",, 11'­to ... ~nd . rt i~t~. mea n. e~erla5t ir.ll

--.J ""-'u..-oI.\I !<llt i. fac t inn

We " ."onl,a,p"cialllradeofbtst ~e le<: t ed M...We_.. hite o . blll e.

Wri te to-d~y for a bea " ti ful.e le<:tio n of pho t01l and mailorder

r-"====d~1fO:;;,t~~ep:li~: I ~: ;t Ihat made the-- l/" name famo " .

Insure with

Niilgilril fire lnseranceCompilnyofNew York.

Protect Your Property.

Canad ian Department: Montreal,W . E . BALDWIN , M a nage r .

Incorpo rated in 1850.H as been over 70 years in business.Unexcelled reputation for SERVICE,SECURITY and PROMPT PAYMENTS.

A . T. GOODRIDGE,A gent for Newfoundland.Ayre ' s Cove .

GOLDEN LAGER.DOMINION ALE,DOMINION STOUT.

HAIG ALE,HAIG STOUT.

New foundland Produces no Defier BeersP. o. SOl: 23. Phone 159.

The Bennett Brewing Co.,Limited._

Brewers and Bottlers of Delicious

When .ritin: tel Adverti'ers kindly meutioa " T he Xewtoundland Qu arterly ."

TH E NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.- 4.

Furness-Red Cross Line,Newfoundland-Canada Steamships,

Pan-American Airways, Inc.,Imperial Airways, Ltd.

AGE~nS FOR

HEAD OFFICE - - ST. JOHN'S,

( Establ ished I j67.)

ST. JO HN 'S, NE \\ 'FO UN DLA N D.

6 ell eoram,Co r ne r Brook,

Bay Bulls,and Rose Dlanche .

Corre.pondence lm ited. Ceble Addrtll: HARVEY.

with Bra nches at

ALSO

CorrespondeDts Board of llnderwriters of New York.

Importers and Wholesale Provision Merchanb .

Owners aod Operators of Cold Storage Plants andSmoke. Heuse•.

Buyers aod Exporters of all Newfoundland and LabradorProducts.

Ownen and Outfitters for Steam Trawlers and Rankin,Schooners.

Shipowners and Shipping Agtob.

HARVEY & Co., Ltd.

51. Jehe's, Newfoundland.

MOTTO :THE BEST~I~

Manufacturers andExporters of

-n u, VE R Y FISEST

W. A. MUNN,

Shipped in Tin Lined Barrels.Quotetlon on eppll o eUon .

Soard of Trade Building,

Medical Cod Liver Oil,

Orders by Mail Receive Special AttentionTak e advantage of our

LARG E and RELIABLE S TOCKS a n d GOOD SERVICE.

Each a rriving steamer adds to our select ion of

CHOICE SPRING MERCHANDISE.Millinery, Dresses, Coals, Raglans, Footwear , Sweaters, Hosiery, etc.

P.rllc u l.rl)' Good R. nge 01 Sp ri ng . nd Summe r Dr e . . fabric• •Saml,l u ~enr on requut

Newfoundland I-'leats..

JAEGERP..-e w.

G O O D S .

NewfoundlandDiltribulorJ..

RCA-VI CTOR

RADIOSI·SUPP~IES.

SOU VE N i R S •

~eal.ldn No..eltiu..Lobndnrit•.

llumlLurbtfGoods.J'ostca,ds.llookieI5

When writing to Advertise rs kindly ment ion " The Newleu ndland Qu arterly."

V.1. XXXIV.-N•. 4. APRIL. 1935. 80 cenll per Jeat.

In Praise of Our Land.I V .-THE .. OLD DISTRICT OF H A R BOUR MAIN. "

By W. J. Browne .

illIE elect oral Di~lI iC.t of Har bour ~Li.ifl came in to

~ brin2: on the int roduction of Res pons ible Go vern­

me nt in 1855. and almost alone amongst t~e

Divtri cts remained an elect or ..] entit v. and a mostir l1u"oli al one, unt il 1931 when it was lin ked witb

Bell Islan d. II ext end s from SI. Th om as 's on the So uth shore01Conce ption 8a) ' to :-'In ysnl" near BriJ::us- a distance b)' roadof about fort) o,iTu- and there is a village for nearly every mileof the way, eac h d iffering hom all the rest in scenery i1.'1 well asin the charac ter, cus-oms and speech 01 their twelve thousandinhabitants.

Highroad and Rililway run through it from beginn ing to end,so tha t a ll who visit St. John 'li by train or CH must travel thesame ~;ay as the writer . The blue wate rs of the beautiful Bayalternatively lash and caress its windin~ cuastline, whose shinglebeaches the silvery caplin and the inky squid perennially visit in

myriads to honeymoon and die . T he natural fea tures r.f the"O ld District." at e not preuy: they are beautifu l. Field an dIotest, lake and stre am, mountain and moor, cliff~ Ih.lt tower,

smiling ar ms at me sea. nowhe re cvn they be equalled.

A car eful study of the map of Newfoundland ...ill show that

names suc h as Broad COI'e, S ,Imon Cove , Dee r l sfan d andGull Pond are Inqueer. To prevent confusion a Nomenclature

Board wa. appointe-d !Mlme , e ,u s 2~O to find ne ... place na mesand th at i ~ h<>"N Broad Cove , the picture-que villate at the endof the Th orb urn Road became S t. Pll ilip'~ , .. h ilst Ho rse Cov e,its lof )' neiRhbour to the South , ""u catted afte r the doubtinli:Ap..r . tle. The folk who live th ere like thei r new names, butthe res t of the wor ld hlnke', af ter th e old ; the reasons for thechange are hard to come by.

St . Thomas's ( it i,. al.....ay~ in the possessive) is approached bya winding uphill lane leading on to a bare plateau. but )'....u soonfind you rself shut in eith ove rhanging trees. T hese people e refa rmers who add to their eOiroings by catchin i: salmon and he r­ring in season from t he water s beneath thei r barnes . Each littlehomestead i'i complete from the old fashioned flower garden atthe edge of th e road. with hOIl~e nebind and bar:l beyond to theclea red land growinJt vegetables and 'lay, and the woodla nd fo rfirewood. Oae must have a horse o r pony to be able to b ringthe produce to marke t to the citil ~m of St. [o hn's. Th ere a rehaunting walks around htre- i'l Ireland they would be calle dbohe reens, and th e fai ries would dance alo ng the m in the moon­ligh t, A precipitous road leadiog to the seas hore is the only wayfor bringing the invaluable caplin to fert ilize th eir fair fields.

T he H orse Cove Line (no St. Thomas's here) to the T opsa ilR lad has a string of scattered couages along its twisting course.

.. F I.AN :\ ER \"'S~-ON TH E HI GHROA D, JL'ST ABOY!'; T O I' SAI I. IU·:"CII

TH E NEWFOUNDL AN D QUARTERLY.-6.

A v cr.r.xv \'ISTA.

~;;~e~~ :~: :~;a~~7~~a~oc::e:u:;~~~;~'t~.'~o" ingI' ho lO by A. G. Williams.

A byro ad goes off East to a h;~h ta bl..land with a collec tion ofhouse s myster iously ca lled Pa radis e. Th ese brlong to se ttlerswho came here from Uppe r L lan d Cove on the other side ofthe Hay' about thir ty yea rs ago.

The roy al roa::!10 the IY, lr ic t is along the Top-ci! R .ad fromSr. John 's. one of the olde st and b~st roads in the whule count.y.It was built Oller a hund red yeJrs ago. Th e l rjsh settled on it,and until the coming of Prohi bit ion rhej- ke pt, at convenientdista nc..s a part, the hospita ble taverns where t rav..lIers oftentall ied . T he most famous of these houses uf entertain ment was" the Octagon," an ei;.:ht side d buil d ing, about eig-ht miles fromto wn. Irs interior w " LHlIast ie.l ly deco rated by its ecc entricbut popula r prop rieto r, th.. late Professor j) wielle. T ois st rangeman whose ..arly his tory was unknown is -aid 10 hav.. had his coffin,bea utif ully lin ..d . on ..xhibit ion in the Hdlroom. Norwirhsrand­ing th is ~rim reminder of the short ness of human life, o r, per­haps, because of it, his place was a favori te reso rt for the youngbloods of the nin eties and ea rly years of the presen t cen tury.It often presented a gay appea rance, as it was beautifullysi tua ted, near the road and the wildwood, an d its specious g ruun dssloped easily to a prett y lake.

It was here th at the G rme Associat ion were tr ying- to creat ea sanctu ary for wild !,:eese , and d id man ag-e to kee p abou t asco re for a sea son or two as decoys. I n 1933 they yea rned forSouthern skies an d one d ay took flight to a pond nea r BayHulls, where, unfo rtunately, they were mistaken for th eir unta medb rethern and, of cou rse, sbot without atte mpting to esca pe.

To-d ay there is a modern hostelry at the Octagon; the o rigiQI'one was burned down many years ago; the place seem s til hia" popular as ever , and, although big ~atherings a re fewer, ill1\"I1:"U"I. when Topsail PArish holds irs annual Rej!:alta on theI .ke, the spirit of Professo r D..nielle must wa tch enviou sly IrOllheyund the Vale .

On the ot her side of the road is the s plendid su mmer home ofMr. \Y. r. Woodfo rd, a native of the seu! ..ment of lIarbc\I!Main, ,,'ho rep resented this D istr ict in va rious ca paci ties fornearly forty yea rs. T he grounds a re laid out with great carethe in terior 01 the house is de\il1htful. Like its impres siveg..nial owner, whose name is a house hold word in ever y part ofthe District, the house is a laodm ark to the travell er .

All a long the way hOllr the City to T opsail, there are ponds,s trea ms ca lled steadie s, and gullies where the youth of StJo hn's lear ned t bei r first l..ssons in angling, Most of theseplaces are now fished 01.11, but you th persvsts in making lhe dis­covery by - xperience

Fro m the en d 01 ()ct~gon Pon d there is a three mile descentto the viueg e of Topsail. Conce pt ion Hay, whic h has beeehidden f to-u vie v, is suddenly se"n framed by the hills; at firstonly the di m disraur snore . ppe,HS and the blue wate rs, but, IIthe hills recede, Litt le lIelle h it" and Bell b land 100m up'Tops ail Hill is a magnrficent sight as it push es its round cresbold ly ou t over the sea ; down its side litt le str eams leap andfall in shi mmering casca des . At its base is a power plant, anda lillie wa)' beyo nd l O U com e to the ., Beach" of fine shingk

!.illle sueam~ leap a"d fallill ~himm",i"g ca"cadrs.

THE N EW F O UN D L A N D QUARTERLY.-i.

where su mmer briog~ many to b lthe in the smooth deep waters.

An old son/!: written by Richard Rattus in 1 R79 describes otherUS<:S for the Beach: -

" 0 111 Top s. il"s stages and lIaku u n'b rageo os,Are .ilU ~t e in Co ncppl iun 11.. )"

T here folh go bro", .i ng an d so ,,""ca rnus ing ,From St. J ohn' s 10"'0 on a ,u mm e" , d~ y, "

Topsail has always had a !llraog hold on the affect ions of thepeople of St . John 's, and ffi;lny live here in summer. It is a placelhat I!: ro ws upo n you and it i~ ali...ays offering sornething new. Agranite col umn D." the Station Road gives the names of those w,hofuul:ht and died In the Great War. The postmistress is ~11SS

t'lorence Mille r whose poems. too few, reveal a depth of feelingfor the " simple things," the things, incidentally, which mean somuch in life, horne, school days , holidays, Mother, the woodswith their birds and dowe rs, the sea with its mystery; these andkindr ed thi"gs she expresses justly. Her love of Topsail isintense an d sincere w hen she writes :

Parish Priest in this section and will al -ays be remembered forthe keen interest he took in the schools ithin his jur isd iction.

There is nothin~ of the summer resort ab out Lon~ Pondwhich is the most thirkly inhabited section in the District. Th epeople are of Eni:li,h stock, such names as Tayler, Porter,Greenslade, Elson and Rideout being very common. The yare a mos t industrious lot as t heir gardens and farms indicate.Nor ar e the women a whit less eager to work, for , in additionto the housework . and the knitting and sewing and mat making,they work in the fields, and, wh at is mo re laborious, often taketheir ponies to the City to sell thei r products. Every cottagehas a flower garden, and honeysuckle and woodbine trail overthe entrances. They J::rowdelicious st rawberries. and, althoughall strawberries are delicious, the LO'1g P.... nd va riety deserves aspecial mention.

The p lace is na med alter the large salt la ke made by theaction of the sed, which has piled up a long beach through

"Th e flay of Conc~pljon ,

Ouro "'n Ilayof Ileaul}'"

.. Fo. Tor~ai l fla)' at dawn of dayhsweeler far rban ,,-ord~ can .ay ;And Top.ai l Hay at tull of noonIs like a sbining blue lagoon.And Topsail Hayat set of .rm_It i. tbe door of Il~ av en undone IOl i fe is~imp l e , he""t, are !:'"'¥'And folks are d~aral Top.ai t Bay!"

Topsail fades im pe rcept ibly into Chamberlains, a quiet , scat­tered farming settlement to which tbe Church Lads Brigadebrirg lift! and colour eve ry summer. Whilst the camps ar e up,and th e bugles ar e blowing and lads in uniform are marching onthe roads the village is a cbeerful place , but aft er they have de­Parted, it resu mes the even tenor of its way. Not su withManuels, which rivals Topsail as a summer resort, During Julyand AUl,:: us t all available camping ground along rte beautifulriver is taken, and anyone who comes to boil the kettle for apicnic c an barely get room. The river below the road fallsSUddenly OYer the slaty stones in its bed and curves within view~fore entering the placid inlet far below. Xear the smallCatholic Church there was once an Or phan's Home, calledVilla No va, whose grounds still retain m uch of their loveliness.A monument in Bannerman Par k was erected 10 the Saintly,Schola rly, Father Morris, the Founder of Ihis institution, wholost his life when nursing the children tbrough an epidemic.li is Grace Arcbbishop Roch e of St. j e hu's spent ten years as

wh ich there is a .. (; '11." A-tempts, whic h have since beenabandoned , were made to dredge this and make it suitable as aharb our, there hei ng uone alor 'lo:" this section of the coast. Theland is very fertile near the water. A Toad runs out to the Gutalong the ed~e of the Pond. On still summer evenings this isa lovely spot with the little fishing bea ts re flected in the water ;in the foreground there is a beauulul green island, and a woodedhillsil houtted against a crimson sky completes the picture.

In this a~ well as other settlement c along hen: the byroadsare call ed afte r the residents 011 them. There is Greenslade'sRoad, Rideout's Road (near Kitty Ade's turn), Fag:an 's Roadand Jennings's Road. These were probably the names of thefirst settlers. Proof that farmin:: is an occ upation capable ofproducing a contented, prosperous people is demonstrated bythe Iacr that wben Bell Island was working full blast numberswent from this section to work in the Mines, but despi te weeklywages they are no better off than, if as well, as thos e who stuckto the land. In the hills behind Long Pond is situated a Talcmine wbich once provided fair ladies with talcum powder, butit has ceased ope rations lung ago.

The folk who live at Fux Trap (pu7,zling name ) " take lifeeasy, as the leaves grow on the tr ee s," If t he}' ar e En:1ishthey are from some other count}' than those of Long Pond, feralthough you have Rideout, and Porter and Taylor, where do}'ou get Cabel (pr. Co-bel), Batten, Petten, Greeley and Peach ?

Til E NE WFOUN D LAN D QU A RT E RLY.-S.

Th ere are many old fishermen here who build boa ts by theroadside. and it is a pity tha t no one takes the trouble to makea record 01 their bistory and sllyinls wbile there is yet time.Tneir farms run well inland, '!O. if )'OUgo th;l.t way. }'ou rna)' beaf,ree abl, surprised to fir.d in a sbelte ted valley at the end 01P",aebtstO ""n or Gr~ell~}· tow n Road a fine mansion sitting in anold fashioned jitard~n , sbut in by tall t rees in wbose leafyblanch~, birds arc ,,.,-eetl)· sinjiting.

Fox Tra p appICars in the (,fficial histories of Xewfcundtand astbe s«ne of a lam ous banfe, the pictur esque enga gemlCntknownas rbe II Battl e of Fox Trap." It "'IS the centre of the resist­ance to the tayin g of the Railway , Judge Prowse. who too k apTOminent part in quelling the affair thus desc ribe s it :

.. In 188 1 the inhab itan ts 01 the Sout b Sho re believi ng thata ll unutte ra ble evils would happen to them il the line wentthr uugh their lands, stone d tne engi neers, touk away their instru­mee ts and drove them from the ir work. Th e Inspector (IfPolice, Mr . Cart) " and tbe police magistra te, with unly eleven

of houses pa rtly furnished. Kdligrews is a nice level spo t, andit is on the Raihuy line, the usual end of ball-holiday exc Ur51<from town. The Beach is covered with beach rocks. and her.there ii a st retcb of sand at the "es' end, it is nOI quire S"illfor bathers; the G ..ver nment makeslho~e concre te culve . t rbe seen on all the roads at the shed just along side the lrack

Kellign·.... has a decided charm about it; it may be in the «:11and playful manners of the people, the kindl)', frieodl)', .. ay Itltytreat )'ou; maybe it is in the fields .. here summe r vieitors takeI hand at hay rnolkinR. or in the lure of the .. ate t, Kelly's h landseem v so ncar. bu t that il nila rbere can be no dcubr. . ~Iotot

can rna)' open more d li tant beauties to the vaca tionis ts, butsurely there is no place better suite d to make a 1"'0 _ celts hoh.day pass so pleasu reably and 5.'i fll)',

Post offices and railway stations arc the best guides to thevillages alo ng this shore, in fact, in ma ny parts of the cou ntry;but, as has been seen , houaev are met allrhe way from T opsail,and the Gullies, Upper and Lo wer, follow close aft er Kelligrew5.

I'O W E R uorss AN Il I' ENST OC K AT S EA L (;O\' E.

1'1\010 by G. R. W illiam•.

"'f'r, were left to contend with a mad, excited crowd 01 about500 men and women armed .. itb ,un.s lind every \'ariety d..·..apoll. The atrest 01 the rinlleader at the point of thebayoeet, and the firm action of 'be autborities eventually restoredorder. , . For five da)', th e .. hole population fromTopiail to Indi an Pond were in an in ane state of excitement,Thmlgh it ""as the busiest time of the year they never did I!Colloke of work; all d..y long they watcbed the C'ngine lC lS andthe !Cornall posse of police, and followed Ihem from place toplace . . • (The)') believed the advent of tbis ter riblenlOn'te r, the r a i l wa ~' , meant their ruin."

Th e Railway has nOI ruined thes e people , but il has meantVlCr) littl e to them, and they remain to this day. a gentle, ICIS)'­going, yet excita ble folk, dee ply attac hed to th eir land. wrlCstinga somewhat uncert ain liveriheod from the soil and the sea

At Midd le Bight there is a l ligh School, whic h probablyacr ount s for the fact that the people here and at Ke lligre. s arcmilch more sophistica ted. Hut this may be due to the ieftuenceof the summ er visitors who come in larl!:e numbers. some tobear d at th e home ly board ing housu and others to rent sectio n,

You cross a bridg e beyond SI. Edwa rd's school and it's River­dale, farmers all, with a blachrllilb or a .. heelwright here andth ere. There are butc hers galore, tall and thin, sbort and stoot,who go off 10 their truck_, or, "'" i. more usual in tbeir ICxpre. ,daround lhe Boy and do wn to St. ~Iar(.s or ere n to th lC CaptShor e ba r~ a i n i " g for caute. calve-s and sheep. You .. 111 mtt l

them at all hours of the d.lly or night, ~oinjit and comin". but nolon Saturdays, for that is their da)' lur goinJ<: to town, and, .. bl t

lOU wont meet them goinl: there, for Ih"y bcoginat Seal CO\-IC .1thre e or four in the mcrning , lOU can sec them an}' !;, tuld. ye"euing cominl': back petpapv five or lix of tbem in a lOW, dmnl:their lorty or firty miles a day, men and ",'omen, ar d bop. tired.cold, hungr)", but alwa)s chee rful and independent.

Herr)' pIcking in late AU!i:ust and Septe mbe r is another sourceof inco me; the country side i~ all a round and th e blue ca rpet (>1wborts is swept then by uld and }'oung. T he Ra ilway pas, eJclove to th.. SICa a t the bar-k 01 the vill~ g~~, and a walk alon~ I h~

fields to th.. emban kment gives lOU the whol.. Bay fur a vie w.

Seal Cove is r ff the main road, Th e by-roa d branches otTatLanc e Co ve, and in May fabulous catches of mon ste r sea·trOUl

T HE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.-9.

arf reput ed 10 have ~D caujl;ht on sp ino!"T bail outside the gutIb. t run s under the railw.y bfidgf. This is a favorite spot forpienicers. Indian Pond is the last of the South Shore, and isbefond Seal Cove.

Duff, is a K.lIiI..'ay station with Ie.. famil ies, It is politican)·• PliTt of IJ01}·HlOd.10 which the Toad from Lance Cove e:~s in• direct line, past Sui Cove Power Plant of the United TownsElectliC Company. Only I few years ago this was known as theCowpath, it was so narrow end uncomfortable; now it is a tine

road which sweep' up over the hill and alona; a fine straij!;b tstretch of moorland, past deserted collages, through an avenue.f alders, and then, a mountain towers on your left, anotherlooms ahead, and suddenly you see a school house . a cemetery.and other muks of seulemeet. As the load descend" into Holy­rood , valle}'s unfold Ibri r verdant beauty , the hills climb steeplyup tbe sky, the houses stand along the roadside, I~ if Clp inband to welcom e you ; you see the ~I again and the broadCul\ 'e " f the urand; ~om('thing tells you that thia i' d ifff'rent

It" central position Impressed Bishop ~Iullock as far back as1860 when be spoke of the possibilitif'S it held out for holdin:cattle fair , an institution 'li"bicb would be adl'lntageous tofarmer , butcher and customer, Sad to relate, the only attemptmade within memory was II Conception Harbour in 1934, .. herea fair IUS held in conjunction with the AlO:ricuhulal EXhibition .

In 1931 the DO-X hiKh powered sea plane landed at Holy •rood on in T rans-Atta nnc voyage,

T he Railway crosses the road al joy's Point, a dangerouaplace, and mounts up alonR the hillside a IODIO: dis tance to make• deto ur of tbe valley of the North Arm of the reach. The roadskirts the shoreline until it bas crossed the bridge over a littleriver and then climbs up swiftly to the top of the bill calledBlowmedown. At H eale y's Cross a caepath leads out to theRidge, a shOll distance above Ch apel's Cove , but at Lakeviewa brl;n ch road le.lds tf) I hl ~ place. The R lil",ay Station is calledWoodfold·s. some di-t ence inland, and there is also. \·jllqecalled Skibbern:en Ill'hlch 54\'00''1 SlronJtly 01 Cork .

.' .......

I\A~K~:I{S (;~:T TI~G SQUill BAIf AT 1I0 I.YI{()O]1

The men in the lillie h";1I5 are jigJi:;ng for "'1uid, "'hidl are ~ o1d 10 the v('<>5el. "'hich fi.h nn lhe Hank . of ~ewfo\lnd'and.

'1he ~C eame r is Ihe .. Ar".. ," uf the Canadi411 (;ovelnmenl,-PhOlo by ~:'n Maunder

hom whal }OUhave seen. It is the beginnillj!: of the uppe r pariof Ih" dbtr ict. where the people are eall of Irish descent andCatbolic in religion, It is 1oo1:"r seuled ; thl're were residl'nts!'tI't" in the sevee.teenth Cf'nlu')' : the French began ooe 01their cll.en ~ i vrs ag.inst rhe t:rgl,~h fishermen by mHching herelrom Ff H) land .

Th ey all' farme rs hue, too . bu' till' chief occupation i .. catch­ing bait-s-c aplin and squid- ...hich are !'Old 10 the fi~hing ves_elsflOIll e the r par ts, loreig.. as well as local. TIlIO )'ear, _1:,0 a ColdStorage plant ...as built he re to house the surplus caught, Thecaplin is a much more accommod ati ng fish than the squid, butas ha it is not as vajuebl : there are times ...hen the harbour islull of bankers, and the -aters are full of squid, but the unman-nerly fish, will not j 'g, so thai the linle huddles of boats mustComeback empty. Holj rood i§ the m~t Iamous harbour forhllit in xe ....Icundland, and in a good season, a fi~h"rman, alI..enly ceors a hundred. ....ill earn enou,e:h to buy the necessariesOflife for the winter. His need of course, are modest,

Th"le is • road, unfinished. Ihat leads over to Witless Bay onthe t~t CoUI. and there is another road Ihat KaleS Ihe hills\\'est 10 Salmooier, St. '-lary's and Plac entia, magical names.

t:hapel's CO\'e has no harbour, 50 that there is not much fish·ing done hue. '-Iuch \'ejl:elables are ,e:rn_n .. hich are usuallytraded in at the \'il laf:~ Stone for pro\'ision. Most of the laodsuitable for ero"'ing crops .u cleared two I/:enerlti ons a:o, andthere is good land oct to t:ra"'l"'}"s Point, ....here , in the '1l0:.1remote ~p')t a Io-esome couple operate a lar r:e chicken farm.From this locality xonb there has b-en much emigration , butmOn}',e:rOIll' tired of buildi ...,e:brid,e:es and skyscrapers in Canada

and the United Sla te" and re-turn to matrv and settle down 10 asimple life. 'I'ne fi.re d"'l'llinli:s and farm buildings 10 be seenhave in mos t cases been built by men who have 'p"nt yea tS inthe Un ited Sr.ues. T he people of Chapel', Cove are skilfulWOlken as \lit-II as good far mers, and. of course, the women·work in the field as well as the men. At one time they took inth e Labrador fi~hery .. jth the men from other parts of the Norlh

s ide of the Sa}', but not recently.

They Ire people of lill/:e ~tature, I rish in speech and customs.0., Sundays. tbe cbcrches are like the churches in the Irishcountry side ; the women precede the men inside, and the lattersland around till the bell rings for the beginnillg of Mass, ~lany

go long distances on fOOland by carriage to lI"ar ~hss. Tb e

TH E NEWFOUNDLAI' D Q UA RT E RL Y.-IO.

teacher is the" Master' here, sharing with the Parish Priest th erole of guid e, philosopher and fr iend.

"Yet he was kind. o r if seve,e in aught.The love he bore to learning was io fault :• 0; • 0; • •

Laods he coutd rneasu,e, term. andndes presage,Aode'eothe . tory ran that he cou ld gauge,"

T his is the lake country, with ric h meadows rolling up to theste ep hills to the west. You cume down into H arbour Main,another old settlement with memories of the French and a fewpeople with French names. T he houses are close together,giving the place the air 01 a small to ....n, hut the harbou r isempty of shi pping, only a few small boats rocking on t he swell ,and the little public wha rf is used chieriy for local purposes.

H arbour Main beca me the capital of the District because ofits seniority ; it was here that nominatio n of Can didates forelection to th e House of Assemhly look place. Up to a decadeago this was a wonderful afhir. People came fro m e\'ery sett le­ment on nomination day in t ...o vast processions of horses an d

country; and the holy Altars be has made with his own bands.But this is his masterpiece in his native tow n, T here is ,

Convent in the colonial styl e and a Presbyte ry, with gabl es, atthe end of an avenue 01 fine trees, T he people of tbis platthave every reason to love their nati ve town, fo r it bas ne i llingharmonicualy within a stone's throw of the rocky seas ho re, themost be autiful group of ecclesiastical buildings to be seenany .. ber e in the country,

T he aoeestors of tbe peo ple of this ha rbour and th e neighbor.ing hamlets of Gallows Cove and Gaskiers were emigra nts frOIllIreland. Th ey were pion eers in land settl ement, and in the

Labrador fisheries. When Railway cons truction began, thefishe ries were gradually dese rte d fo r track lay ing. In lateryea rs Bell Island beckoned fro m out the Bay, and the more ad.venturous amongst these hardy, stalwa rt men sailed to the Statesand Canada, and thei r letters ho me of plenty of work and hiebwages brought other girls and hays to leave the pa rent al roof.Same ha ve co me home aga in, but pr inci pally the delica te onesand the injured, which is .. hy one sees suc h a disproportionate

TilE CAPIT A L OF TIlE IHSTRICT _IIARIlOCR MAIN-WITH TWO BANKER~ G E T Tl N(; A "llAlTING" O F SQU I D.

Pholo. by A. G. Williams.

carriages, and the side" hich made the best showiflg ....as thelikely winner . Speeches were made by the candidates from thenaTTOW windows of the Court H ouse to c rowds si ltil'g or stand­ing on the green below. Every man nails his colours to themast and tak es his sta nd with the othe r supporters to che er his" members."

When t he cheering was artificially sti mulated, arguments

would arise, and tempers grow sho rt. an d there would be ur:­limited possibilities of a riot. I t never came to that. Goodhu mour always prevailed over the passions of the moment ,and the riva l pilgrims t ravelled hack heme with news of su revictory for their resp ective me mbers. But old cus toms a re hardto kill. and at the nominations in 1932 , the old politicians cameas 01 yon', but in greatly reduced numbers to size up the situa ­tion for themselves. The candidates spoke from the CourtH ouse windows to expectant crowds.

The Court H ouse is used fur little else ; there is very rartly acase for the ma~ist rate to t ry, and dances and concer ts a re heldin the school next door. Not far away is the fine chu rch buil tby Mr. LaCou r. T he latter is a man of =:enius who has con ­structed several bandsome churches in diffe rent parts of the

nu mber of the old and th e "ery young.A little sho re fi-hery is do ne, but the I!:ombeen man and the

credit SJstern reta rd progress. There has been a slight re\·iulof interest in Ag ricultu re, but lack of sufficie nt ca pita l prevent5expansion ill this direction. A war m.hea rted, in telligent peopleof splendid phpique-they are symbolical 01 ~ewfound l a n d ;thei r st ren~th and resourceful intethgence have hither to endowedother lands than thei r own.

Salmon Cove Pc.int separates Avondale fro m H arbour :\tain.It is a h i ~ h land impassable by road, so that the road run'almost from the bottom of Harbou r Main, A byro ad which ismore like a platfo rm alo r.g the side of the hill leads do wn tbeGoat Shore wher e a few families reside. Fa r belo w the cliffcan be seen a little wha rf, and a boat, may be ro wing a lonl:side.

Avondale lies in a wide valley through whic h runs a riVErwhose source is back in the h;~h hills towa rds Salmoniet­Th ere is a fine bridge ove r the rive r here, and by moonlight,the scene of the har bour and rive r , with the hills ri~it 'g an aroundis enchanting. The beautiful Church is admirably situ ated QIl

an eminence whic h com mands a co mplete view of the sett lement.O ne cannot hel p remarking th e many fine new homes of Illod. rll

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUA RTERLY.-II.

design to be seen along the road . The houses in most cas esha"e been built by men who were employed at st eel work in~kys c r a per construction in :-Jew York. Riggers and rivet ersJllust be men of nerve, men who can sit astraddle a len inch

beam se ven or eight hundred feel up in the sky ; for work ofthat kind , men of Avondale and the neighborhood were wellqualitied, and with Scandina vians were chiefly emplo yed .

The driv e to Conception Harbour gin·s some lovely glimpsesof the scenery. Between salmon time and blueberry t ime, onegets a thrill to com e around a bend in the road and see a hugesteamer high in the woods ; hut soon Cine rea li zes that she is atanchor i f) the deep water s of a little green cove. Onc e, Con ­ception Harbour boasted man} sa il of ships ...hieh left home

every June fo r Labrador, but now, only one solit ary vessel , thatof Capt. Jim Wade goes down.

Conce pt ion i~ a very sca ttered settlement, or rather, a numberof scatte red place s. At the Cross, one road goes east towardsthe Chur ch and below it there is a car -path leading fa BaconCove, bu t the Ma in Road winds along the sho re to Kitchues.

Anothe r road goes west through a broad smiling valley up 10

Silver Sp rin gs, one leading across Driscoll 's Marsh, and anotherto Heal ey 's Pond. T he people he re have shown gr eat initia­

tive and the Branc h of the Land Development Association hasbeen most succ essful. L ast }'ear , a splendid exhibition of :ardenproduc e and knitted and fancy work, was followed by a catt lefair; the residents themselves were astonished by the finequality of the animals shown. T he re is a handsome Ch urchand Co nve nt down the road , all level g-round a short distanceIror n th e beach.

The war to Bacon Cove is a rocky one ; hue:e boulde rs makeit an ilu ere ' til'g one , but it is worth travellinli: to see the lit t leccve in the rocks with stages over the wate r and homes perchedbigh in the hill side all around. Down Kitchues way there aremore peopte ; the shore is inhospitable, and great i"genuity wasneeded to make a landing place for the boats. T he roa d traitsoff do wn a graSii}' ...lope endi ng unexpectedly at a little cottage

in a tiny ga rden shut in by the woods. The sea pee ps so bluethlough the lilac trees that this must surely be the house whe reRed Rid ing Hood 's grandmother lived ; but the grandmother issdwing wood near the porch.

Colliers is over the Cemetery Road from Conception. Theman who first settled in its little annex, ca lled James's Cove,was a lonely fellow, but the fishing was better in his day. Co l­liers is a la rge ha rbour, a part 01 a bay. The road fello ws the

shore line up to the bridge ab ove the spot where th e riverlIows in.

On the other side is a high perpendicular dill, with red ar dblue stre aks of mineral on its nee. T he re is Colliers South andColliers North. At th e former the houses are d ose togetht'r. butin the latt er they are scatt ered over the fertile hillside . Colliers

must ha ve been an old seulemen r because of its fine harbotr,for, although there is little foreign trade here now, there are oldrambling cottages which , like the gentle women 01 the houses,bear upo n their heads the marks of time . The people are warm ­hearted and loyal, and like in Ir eland, if you enter the hous e"it h a" God save all here ," you will be met with a " God saveyou kindly,"

~ow the H ighr oad which encircles Colliers mounts up thehill and passes the sc hool. F rom here the view nver the va lleyand barbour of Colli er s is exhilarating. Suddenly you come tothe " Sp lit in the Rock " and on th e right a narrow road descendsiQto Marysvale, Fe w:o dow n that way, bu t it is a quiet place

with qua int old weat her-beaten hou ses and witty folk l!dtil dr ea myblue eyes. The men were miners befor e the depression whichhas hit them hard . The soil is not good but the y are cultivat ingit with a will , Th e "alley is ....ide and well watered , therefore,capable of impr ovement w hh increased yield . The se ll. outsidegiVt'5 bait to those who seek if, hut the people ar e not very wellequipped to go fish ing at present.

On th e hill ac ross the valley at the western end may be seentwo or three " C rooked little houses" ; if there are tinkers in

Newfoundland the)' live h..re. Hig h up on the bare summit ofa hill they ca rry t heir care s with a light heart and look downupon a gadding world.

The Ra ilway is now several miles inlanrl , Brigus Junctionbeing a part of the Distrier. On the High road the dis trict endsat Leary's , but nearby is a house with a fine cleared field rollin:up into a fo rest of spruce and fir. Poultry run over the gr eenmeadow, and the cows feed in a r ich pasture, That river, which

runs so gaily from the Mill ab ove to lose itself in the bosom ofthe Lake, marks the boundary of " T he Old District of H ar bo urMain ."

N E WF OU:" /I LAN IJ S E A Ill RIl_T HE II ERRIN C: Gt:LL.

When the Birds Go North Again.

Oll, eve.y year hath ;ts WinterAndevery year hath i.. ra;n_

BUl a day i" al"'aysl;o mingWhen the hirds go o"'th again.

\\ ·h..n the ne,,-k ",·e. ''''el1 in the forest,And gr....s springs green Ott the plain,

And tbe atder'. ,'l'ins turnuim.on­And th"bird" go north IIgain

Oh.everyheart hllrh ils.oTt""'"And e'-ery heart h..th it. pain­

l'IuIa day i.at,,'ay'l;o mingWh"nt h" hitrl' g'Ono,th ..gai",

'T i. ihe sweet". t thing to rememhe••1f~"Q",all: e i"on the wane­

Whent he cold. dark days areo,·er,Why. the birds go nocth oga ill.

TH E N EWFOUNDLAND QU A RTERL Y.-I2.

Cabotian Literature.By Dr. Frank F. Picrson, Wilmio(l oD, Delaware.

ilK e.ulie~t known accounts of the voyag es of theCabers are to be found in the "'Tilings of Spanishand Italian historians of the fir", half of tbe six­teen th centu ry.

Sebastian Cabot was living in Spain at thaitime, and, as l'ilol·Major, ""U cbaeged with the supervision ofthe official maps.

Peter Marty r's and Ramusio's statements conce rnine theEnglish discoveries in ~orth America were based Oil informa­tion hom Sabasuan, eithe r directly or indirectly .

lie may have been unduly reticent in r"gard 10 the prominence01 his b.ther in the upeditioos about .... hieb he told; or he mayhave been misunderstood u to dab's and number of vop ges.but th e result wu a confused narrative in which the father'sfame .. as eclipsed by that of the son.

Wh en Eden, followed by Ha klo),t, compiled thei r records ofvoya~es for t:ng1i~h readers, nurlr all thei r information abouttbe Cabers came from Splni~h and I ta lian sources.

(l<I.klo),t did, indeed, find and published the tex t of the cha rte r

Riven to John Cabot and his sons in 1"96 ; and also of the oneof 1..98 10 Cabot alone. but he faile d ro di, lin ltu;s h th e detailsof separate \'o)'age~, and so con tinue d the confused story offoreign write rs.

11 is.evident that the Engla nd of the la tte r part of th e sixltenthcenl ury, less than a hundred rea rs alte r t he yoyaJte of Q91, hadbut a huy idea of what had tak en place. Jo h,,''1 activities hadbecome so mer ged in the better-known rtports about Sebastia nt hat the latte r received nea tly all the credit for the d lscoverteswhich gave Englan d clai m 10 lar!':e ten itor y in the Xew World.

Th is mis underst anding prevaile d until Richa rd Biddle , ofPit tsburgh , Pa, pu blish ed his " Memoir of Sebasti an Ca bot" in183 1. li e wrote bef ore th e discovery of valuable paper s havingto do with the early life of Joh n Ca bot and with his voyage s ;also before th e findi ng of cer ta in maps which helped to clea rth e field,

BUI with painstak ing car e he examin ed allr be docu ments thenavailab le, and he established the fact that ther e had been twovoyages inste ad of th e one so misrepresented. '-it. Bidd le stillasc ribed tbe ch ief honor 10 Sebastia n, and assi Jtned the land fallin :-;'orth America to Sout her n Lab rado r. La ter -foun d docume nts and maps bearin g on t he subject have made some of Iheclaims of Mr. Biddle un tenable, but his book marks the bf'giQ'nin g of cri tical study of tbe Cabot problem, and it furnishedvalua ble information lor late r write rs,

The opinions of Biddle ...ere generally accepted for some timeafte r Ihe publication 01 his book; but durin,!: tbese yea rs SIlC

cesvive appearance 01 maps, records an d letters ...hic h had bee nburied in European arc hi"es gTlodually changed crirical vie...•point, and a ntlll' school of eruers included these evid ences andplaced the Cabotian Itgend on more sure ground.

I-The LaCosa ~fap was foun d in 18J2.2-The Paris, or Sebasuan Cabot ~hp, in 18H.J-The Pasq"<lligo leiter from London to Italy in 183 1...-The record 01 John Cabot's naturalization in Venice, 1858.5-Tbe Ayala lette r from London 10 Spain in 186 2.6-The Soccine lener from London to Milan in 1865,

Srill Iarer, scraps 01 information have been found in Englisharchive.. rel.Jting 10 pensions paid the Cabots and to cont empo.rarie\ supposed 10 have been companions with them.

A careful study of all these documents formed tbe basi s fora new imerpretanon of the subject, and, as the foul.hun d redlhanniversa ry of Cabot's finl \'oylfl:e drew near, books and maga.zine ar ticles appeared in rapid scccessloe.

The contents of these studies, with (hei r difIeling conclu sions,~a\'e rise 10 (he "Cabot Controversies" in whicb opin ions were

SEBASTIAN C:\ BOrS SHIP.

earntstl)' presented of the most dive rse J!ecographic and carlO"J!;:rapt,ic findings. In some instances \'er)' tamastic ideas lIe1eexpressed b 10 dates, courses and landfalls.

001 of all Ihis, however, I certain dependence on doc urner­tary and can0lii:raphic evidences prevailed ov..r ccnjectu-e, andgeneral vie es to-day Ire len con troversial because of th e widt­spread arJr;:umentof that period.

Joelge Prowse, Bishop Howley and Rev. ~f(lst s H ar vey. ofXe_ found lu .d . took acnve parts in Ihis s~mposiura. as did ()r.S. F_ Dawson, 01 Clnlda, and }u\lio Winsor in the Voile(!States. Across the Atlantic Sir Clements Marlr.bam an d C. It.

TIlE NEWFO UNDLAND Q UA RTE RLY.- I3.

k ate !y, in ,,:neland. and Hen ry H arrisse, in Fra nce, were able,rit e lS on the subject. T he latt er, in part icular, "as responsibleor the publication of many documen ts and map' then unkno .....nc the public. II i, " Discovrj- of Sonh America ," and hisI Jobn and Sab asrian Cabot" con tain monument al records" fe~arch.

The two chid conclusions in his study of the Cabot voyagnsere tbat the landfal l was in Labrador , and that Sebastian ..'as,0 ar...h lia r whose srate mems could Dot be acttpced without:orro borOltion.

Dr. S. E. Dawson , I Canadian, from hi, ~rrater familiarityritb Snu h American grogra phy, and with an ope n mind as tohe value of Sebastia "l" reports , co mba tted the opinio ns of

clarr isse in a se ries of pa pers whick were publish ed in the' Tr an"ac t ions of the Royal Socie ty of Can ada" from 189-lo 18'}8,

li e contended that the true landfall was prob ably at Cape

Ireton. and accepted Se bastian' s stateme nts as applyin~ to theecond voyage of Q '} 8 .

T his ide .. has been followed by Beazely, Dii::gar. and others,ntil Winsh ip. in If)OO, an d Williamson. in r9 18. insisted that aae r voyage, made by S..bastian after the deat h of b:s fathe r,

lIS the sou rce of h i ~ accoun ts.

"The Cabot Hlbliogr;rp hy. " by Ge orge Parker Winship.

ppeared in 1900 . and proved to be indl spen ..able for all seekivgeformarion abou r th e Cabots ar>d thei r ' ·opges.

In an int roduc tor j- e"say an anal)sis of aJ1uailable info rm ..·ion is made, and th e bib liog raphy proper con tains notes 10

.early sil; hundre d boo ks. allicle~ , letters and m.p$ cc ncemin gbe qu estion.

T his boo k is stillihe best guid e 10 serious Cabolilln readi" giince tha t publication there have been but ftw ad dit ions to becte d.

F. Xans en devoted a ch a pter to the vo)'ajil:t5 in his boo k ,. In

cortbern Mist s." an d II . P. Bijtgll in " T he Voy ges of the: abots and of th e Cortereals," mad e a careful anal ysis 01 thearly s ixteenth cen tury maps .

The most recent, and perhaps the most comprehensive, study

I the Caber s, their voyages and their relation to English EI;­dorat ions of th e per iod. is to be found in J, A, Williamson's

VoyaJ:es of the Caboho," pub lish ed in 19 1 '} .

Beginnin& with a lis t of a ll documents kno wn to-d ay be aring011 the sub jec t. in chrono logica l o rde r, the read er is pre pa red forhe au thor 's biog rap hy of the Ca bot . and reco ns truction ofheir '·oyage, .

Dr. Williamson has en lar ged upon the sug~e..tions of Dr.\'inship and h;ts prese nte d a co nvincinc Illtument fo r a la te rbyage than the ones usually conslde red ; and th at it was on

bis one, perh aps in 1508, tha t Seb a tian's ex pe rienc es loo kliace.

I n this boo k the LaCo sa map is used as the key to all Ceo­;rapbic conc eptions as to the points rea ched b)' th e Cabals in\oll h Ame rica .

Th e map is of eq ual importance with docume nt ary material

n tr )'ing to tra ce th e vO)'age of 149 7 at least , and proba bly thatJsoof 1498. Si nce its disco very In 1831 it has bee n con cededD be the firs t map known which shows any sign of the NewNOrld , as it bears the dale 1 5 0 0 .

In a recent mon nJitraph, Dr. George 1-:. Nunn considers thathis ma p beau evide nce of gecg-aphlc ideas not possible in

gee , and tha t , lI.5 we have it , the probable date should be 1508.But whenever it was drawn, it remains the only map of that

'tr iad which s hows posit ive kn owledge of Engl i!>b ex plo ra tionsOtth of those by Spa in.

It is not . ilhin the scope of this paper to discuss the loca ­t ion c t those Englis h lan d marks. It is sufficient 10 sa )' that

d ifferen t writer s hav e selected d ifferent points respectively forthe "fiht land seen."

From Labr ador 10 H alifax: the trail hu been t raced and thela te st critic of the map . Dr. Xunn, s U~l:es' s th at the l egioll indi­cated runs from Greenland ( 0 Cape Breton, and per hapsbeyond.

If th e place -na mes on the map co uld be rig hlly interpreted itwould l reOl tly help .

In the compilatio n of th ese no te t he wr iter is chit fly indebted10 Winsh ip',. " lJlbliooi: ra phy." and Winsor 's " ~ arra ti ve andCri tical His tory." an d to the fine co llec tion of boo ks and pe ri­odicals on th e subject in the Wi lming ton In stitut e Free Libr ary.

(

vxcu n xc O)iJ: T il E W}-:ST t"O. \ ST,

Spring in Newfoundland.6y R. J . Conno lly.

TIl Rf f .hi po ,,'il h . i1\-e.. ', tippl;n/:' ~ a il .

I'a " ed do,," the coa~' to ·day.Alon g thOle agel..ss, tra ckln . lan eo.

Whe. e cod and ulmon play ,

T h""e friendly trading "i nds .'e h..,..Th.t sing th.. 50flg of ~ptinll .

And lI.ge Ihe foamy ~ p'ay 10 ri""T o kiM Ih.. KagU"'S .ing.

In .cot, . h..n pink o of ....ty momOn ri~o<: SptinK comn dTt"l<H'd;

While c rimson sa nKt·. !I0 11<:51 glowTo eanh bri ngs hope aDd ,..,.t.

f'o " ... rings drape OuT .indo. pann;In dreamy tbo ught .. .. hea r

IJt't'op brea rhing from Ih.. hean of Spri neAnd purpled hills lleeftl near,

F, u b.ooh are hurr ying a long;}' , ail robin s pick Ih.. MKI.;

Sh ould nery soul nol heed I h~ callTo kee p il5 Upl ..-i,h God I

Il ea th d ies a . beauly leapalol.>irlh ;Though so me hea .ts nurlu re strife,

Spri ng' s poet ry recou nts fo r allT he mystery o r life ,

As years speed on and Sprinl(s ret urn.Tim ..•• t ick ings Ialnt er gro • .

Mal' Ollr ship . see, ...b..n life'. s un sets,The lU ling alle rgic ,,'!

T H E NEWFOUND L A ND QUA RTERLY.-I4.

The Jerseymen at Harbor Gra ce.Chapt er S ix. - Census of R esidents.

By W. A. MunD.

~"",r-'''''lI~ O.. F,RNOR J OJl:-' G UY ei ves us a full descript ion of

~~. r~ "<a: his residence ealled " Sea Fores t ," Stores an d~,4 Fort built by him in ,6' 0 at Cuper's Cove.~ Durin, the first winter he built his Bank ship

call ed " Ye End eavor " of ten tons , and CaptainJohn Mason tells us three years later he bu ilt a fifteen ton shipto replace one lost.

Guy's ten ton ship carrying ;jftten men for forty-nine daysmust have had considerable accommodation . T he shallops werealso work of local industry beiog large sail-bo ats with movabledeck-boards, and a protection fore and aft for five men to sleep.

I t is curious that neither Guy , Mason or Wh itbouTne makeany di rect reference to the j erseym m , as they were perm anentlylocated in every importa nt Harbour of Conception Hay long

of the j erseymen of Ha rbour Grac e were in league with hillas they understood this business thoroughly, an d must hhebeen ..t it for years.

We have already seen that the Channel Islands were "he~

POlIs," and admirably situated for the disposal of plunder eitherin England, France or Flemish Ports.

We find Gov ernor Edens of ja mestown , Vi rgini a, in leagllewith the no torious pir ate, BlarkkaTll- giving him p roteciice

and no doubt dividing the plunder. Easton 's plun der "as frOIllthe galleys of the Spanish Main. li e must have been remark.ably successful pr ior to this date, o r he would never h.we bee;abl e to double his fleet in Newfoundland, and 500 men to jOl~

hun.I n 16r1 Robert H ayman too k charge of their subdivision

MOJ)ER~ :-;O){SEMEN_TIIE ,. LIEF E ){[CKS()~,"

NOlwegian \"es~el of 10 tons-the M)'I" and size of shi!,s u.ed in Gu)". tirne_ ,6 10.

before this time, but it clearly prov es that they had very littleinte rcourse with the m.

I t " as not all plain sailing with john Guy for we find himcomplaining at once about that arch pirate, I'ete r Easton, refit­

ting his vessels at Ha rbou r Grac e and c reat ing tro ub le with hismen. The Pirate's Fort me st have been in existence for yearsat Harbour Gra ce befo re john Guy's arrival in ' (>10 , for hementions it as a well knewn spot. T he pirate requires a lurk in!:place on the land , where he has congenial fri ends , who ca n helphim in refitting his vessels, and who will either buy or find amarket fo r his booty , for unless he ca n dispose of his plunder ina satisfactory way, he is only runnine; the risk of being hlnged.I t is his business to work with lawless traders, who will not askawkward questions. T here was no Government of any kind inNewfoundland at th is time , and there .. as no j ud icia l machine ryin any of the British Colonies until '7 0 I , so that conditionsfavo red the pirate.

John Guy had good reason to complain of Peter East on inthe year 16 1Z. To do such enormous damage he must havehad confederates helping him , and it is quite possible that some

the Bristol Hope Com pany, with his residence in HarbtlurGrace. I t is likely tha t he spent the winters in Bristol , Sut remained In charge at Harbour Grace till 1618, and perh1f'!longer. In a lette r wnuen by him dir ect to Ki ng Ch u les I. bemakes request for special prlvilezes for fishing o perat ions, sill·

inl':,- " If this i~ granted it will make Har bour Grace a lle.ll

town. It would groll.' populo us, rich and strong."

" T he French Oustymen) and Biskons ( S pa n i a r d ') ~;:I early in great numbers 10 fish and dispossess us. InMallowj ans ( j ersejm en) have pro mised the Fre nch, and th ~Blskons promise d the Sp aniards to furnish them with fish, bU

I

your Majesty might easily amend this, and make the m glad 10take ours "

There can be only one conclusion tbat Robert lIapnan "v

looking fOI a monopoly, and want ed to driv .e tbe je rseynlen ~;of H arbour Grace, and the Bisko ns from ~paniards Bay. .notice was taken of this request, and this leite r was placed;::;.carefully, aud comes to view, to interest readers II hen coning the ambitions of our early Governors. ...

In 16 18 H ayman published in London his book," Q(ladho11•

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.-I S.

t'l :-;lII :"'(; STAGES AT TOP';.-\IL, CO~CErTIOS

eritten at Harbou r Gra ce . II is Iamous amODJi: collectors ofoldbooks as one 01 the ver)' earliht co mpo sed in ;o\fJrth America.but beyond lanta ~tic ver se-s. there is VIr ' y little ac tual infe r rna­OoD r~a rd i ng thei r reg ulu work.

In 1630 th e Brirish G avem mem garrisoned the BltI !"r)' a tHarbour Grace, which must have been a greH prctectj m to t ilesettlers of Conception 1101 )".

In r65j - 1658- 0 liver Cromwell , a\ Prote ctor of the BritbhCommonwealth . se nt 1"0 men-of-war to Xewfou ndla nd, who ca p'tured ten of the Jer s!!'y Ileet as a puni shme nt for the part theChannel Islanders had taken in uphuld i"J!: the Royalist Pattyduring the recent to:ngli\h Civil War . It would be inter esting10 trace the log boo ks of these two Brilish Warships in th",Admirality Records, for further ir.Iurrnaticn as to where these[erseymee were th hing.

looo- No soone r were permanent seutements formed thanthe resident popula tion petitioned the British Government thatjurisdiction be established ",ilh po.. er 10 govern and look out

Ior the settle rs righls .

From the records e find thd Joh n Pinn of Ha vre de GraceIs name d . ilh other~ ho were in favor of J. resident Governor,wbom they a re willing 10 support by loca l tasation . lIe ...asappointed bj- G ,ve rnor Sir I> .vid Ki rkI', as the best mall in Ibis[l isir itttn collect the It ..venue for the Crown.

166 l .-The Sec ret Tr r J.ly of Kin!!:Ch alln II .ith the French,will be told luHy in the n..XI cha pte r.

1675 --\ cen..us was taken by Sir Joh n Berry all H.M .S." Bristol." We find ther e were 1055 men, women and childrenreside nt settlers bet .....een Ca pe Race and Cape Bonavista, aver­aginJ!: J. catch of about 60 qu intals of codfi sh per man. whereas

4309 men J.rriving from England in 175 vessels averaged only40 quintals per man . There were on ly four planters settledwe~t of Cape Ra ce , and probably none north of Bcnavista, Hementioned in one list six Jcr~ey and Guernesy foreign'goingvessel s, but states there is also the St . Male fleet of about 10vessel s of which a bcut 50 will come home in this convo y, and

1I0LYROOII, C():"'CF.I 'T1IJ:'\ llAY

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QU ARTERLY.-16.

:20 without any convoy. T his means the j erseymen or ChannelIslanders, who are really British subjects. H e stales agai n alittle furth er on, that be has ver}' little reliable information aboutthe Fre nch fleet, but they have two (2) French warship s of theirown, and their rendevous for convoy is at Trepassey. Sir JohnBerry also states, there are Basques and Ponugeus e mak ing atotal of altogether about 500 vessels trading and fishing toNewfoundl and.

I n our last Chapter we gave a list of five Englis h vessels trad ­ing to H arbour Grace, and taking cargoes of fish to tc reignmarkets. w e now give the census of residents at and nea rHa rbour G race.

Bryant's Cove-T bos. Hobbs and wife planter ; I male and 2

female children, 3 men servants, 1 beat, 1 stage.

Harbour Grace-Thom as Playe r, planter; 2 male and 1 femalechi ldr en, 3 men servants, 2 boats, 1 st age.

Joan Hibbs {widow), 5 men servants, 1 boat.

Th os. Horton and eife, 8 men servants, 2 boats , I stage, 95bead cattle.

Lewis Guy, 1 female child, I man servant.

Le melle Garland, I female child, I man servant.

Arthur Batte n and wife, 2 male and I female children , 3 menservants, 2 boats, I stage .

Musketa Cove-William Davis and wife, 4 male and I femalechildren, 6 men servants, z boats, 2 stag es.

John Ga rland and wife, 4 female children, 10 men se rvan ts,3 boats, z stages.

Harbour Main-e-r settle r, 20 servants.

Drigu5--3 settlers, 23 servants.

Port-de-Grave-c-j settlers, 26 servants, 50 head cattle , :10sheep .

Bay Roberts-s-a set tlers, ' 9 servants, 30 head canle.

Carbonear-6 settlers, 30 servan ts, 100 head cattle.

Crocker's Cove-s- a settlers, 6 servants.

Clown's Cove-I settler, 3 ser vants.

IJayeVards - 11 settlers, 145 5ervants.

Old Perlican-II seU1e~s, 124 servan ts,

Silly Ccve-c-j settlers, 40 servants.

New Perlican-c-a settlers, 12 servants.

Ir eland's Eye-I settle r, 15 servants.

Bonaventure-z settlers, 8 ser vants.

Trinity H arbour c-- j settlers, 21 servants.

Salmon Cove-I settler, 12 servants.

English H arbe urc--a settlers, 20 servants,

Bcnavista-c-r r settlers, 11 servants.

Th e only person living in Cupids was Stephen Atkins, who isnamed as the keeper of Mr. Butle r 's castl e.

This must have been Jo bn Guy's" Sea Forest" new vacant,and had passed into the hands of tha t impo rtant family of ea rlysettlers-the Butlers of Port-d e-Grave .

In my next I will give particulars of the Fr ench Rai ds,the tra ditions of which are s till handed do wn in the BayMetropolis.

To anengraver-plcturu of any kln cJaretunKd "copy"-he copi u on metal any _th,ng rec~lvcd. th~ r~sult being a faIthfulreproducllon of th~ original-no m~r~.

Il so spee if,ed . poor "'copy" Un beImprowd BEFORE .hooting by a pro:~s.

of r~touchlng. ancJ th ~ ""suit s In thelinish~cJ

plate are so r..markablethat th .. ntra cos li. cnlir..!y Justified. Good copy alwaysp,oduc... sood results. ln",!, lIlnlu:""plcntyof plctur.... as noth,nl sallsf,U hk ~ "on ..~Iook"

ThlS SeT\"iee enablu you to sencJ.npracllcally anything you wish dupliealecJ.and hav~phot01l:raph ic fa... imiles made.

Thi s and other se rvic es mak .. th ..r.fafll,m~ Photo E ngrav..rs ..m.n .. n tl ysuprtm~ ancJ the only plant 01 it s k.nd inthe ea.t Rem~mber the nam ...

TIlE NE W F OU N D L A N D QUARTERLY.-17.

ill S ~IA J EST\' KI :"G m:ORGE v. IIER ~lAJt:ST\' QUEEN MARY .

ODEF O R THE TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ACCESSION

OF OUR GRACIOUS KING GEORGE V .Dy Roberl Gellr Mllc Dona ld.

A so..o of Jubilee. a song of JoY •All mun d the WDIld, whe,e'er St. George's

Cro~~

IISo.-n : .. song for lips' and hnrt.' employA SOngoft "'ent y_llve years ' gain and los•.

When. 6ve and twenty ye"rs ago

~~g~~:~;.~:;:~:~i~,~~i~~~:::.:dO'O'dSbonedear_ hisi1ather's heritage to O ne

~~:l~;'~~~:i~ ; :~:gE';~~;;S~Oanr;:~ ;the glowIO"n ed

~.~ingl . cloud: the happy day s ",enl by,11hllCa.rce .. warn ing portent in th e sky .

B~l SOo h

~~c; "t::.i.Jee~rter:~:~:~ ~~:p~~:c,Wn

ll l the world tu. ned p.ale,and l>ille,lyA-"s hlack cloud burst .

",~tn ro u gh t ho.e }' ea r. acc u rs t

A~·~:~::~ ~:V::O~:~1 down,

An d death in nuy form ,,'ith ~udden ~t,ok e

Overwhelmed a million liH~:

Yet B,itain, ~trong, br ave· hearted, bore it with

And Englands' King, calm, .teadfaM, day by d'lylI ea rdthe d eep thunde r, 8aW the lightning. l'lay:Deep in hi~ heart the King hi~ people bore,In thei raftliction wa' aftlicted sor e,And strove in praye r,as One who in extremity

'trivn.Sullenly, grimly, in subs idence ,l owWar's gre at ~torm pa~sed, and left .tuk

desolation,Mourningandtearsand ...oe,A wasted world, a bard.acbleved salvanonFor truth.and right:Con fusion covering eartb,and battled bopes

belo,,',And eloud••tl11bO\'eringto obscu'etbe ligbt­Clear .• ighled, steady,witb a kin gly e ye,li e walchedthe.torm s ubside, the elo udg

pa.. hy.

And in the )'ears that since have be en,Ourduty -Io\'ing King. an d his 1<l\'ld Queell

11a\'e mingled in thestress,the.train, thehopes,thefea' .

Thai have a lle rnate tul edlhe"e latter years;T ill, following a long road . an uphill wayT he natinn k llo",~ and feels itoelf 10-dayMore s lrong for all ihe tr avail-t ime gone by,Hold }'et tog.eet the futu.e with calm eye,And ",ith f...h str ength enduedTofighl the wrong , to fUTlher all the good;And at it. headstill.teadfut, .lillihesame,King Geo.ge lead. on, dUly hi. sta"not fame.

I're serve hin, Lord, pres erve our gradous QueenFo. many }'ears : pre..rve ou r E mp;, e vaM,As thou hast brought u. through our checquered

past ;Forgive the sins, the.lackne •• tha.t hue been ;And mak e u. wOTthier T hee. and worthi e r H im\\' hom Thou hast .etabove us: let our praiseTJe more accrp tabl e in futu,edays,T ill all the .unshineof this earth grcw e dituI n theelear glory ofTby Kingdom's ray. :Sn, Lo rd, tby people render thanks to T hn ,And praise, on th i. glad Year of Jubilee.

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUAR TERLY. - 18.

GENTLEMEN: "THE KING!"A Sketch of King George V. and Queen Mary during the years

Between 1910 and 1935 on the Occasion of his Silver Jub ilee.By W. J. Browne, K.C.

i1T a quarter to twelve on the night of

, . the sixth of May, 1910, Edward the

';'; ' Peacemaker's ardent soul went

peacefully forth to meet his God,and George Ernest, h is only surviv­

ing son became our King as Geo rge V. The lateking had a long apprenticeship-he was actually inhis sixtieth year when he ascended the throne. liewas fond of sport and lively company, and for yearshad been the leader of English society. H e was thebest known and best liked man in all England. Onthe Continent of Europe he was almost equally well­known, and had become so popular in France thata prominent Frenchman could !:i<ly half seriously,that if he stayed much longer in Paris the Frenchmight take him for their king.

Some said that he was no statesman but a diplo­matist; others, that he was no diplomatist but agrand Monarch; perhaps he shone in all three de­partments; however, he was so universally popular,so well informed on public matters, and so wise inhis judgments that at the time of his death he wasregarded as the greatest force for the maintenanceof world peace and dominated the European scene.

When the public had recovered frum the shockand sorrow of Edward's sudden death, they beganto wonder what the new King would be like . Itwas generally considered that he would be a goodking, and one thought that he would" make us alittle harder in the grit which is what we want."Chamberlain, the Old Linn, said •. He will be aGreat King, and I know it." Born in 1865, he hadbecome heir to the throne on the death of his elderbrother, the Duke of Clarence, so that some fearedthat, not having had the kingship in his mind froman early age, he would lack lllallY of the qualitiesrequired for success. Besides his inexperience inpolitics, he succeeded when a bitter war was beingwaged between the H ouse of Commons and theHouse of Lords over the Prtrliament Act.

So serious was the situation that the opposingparties called a truce. A conference between thembridged the difficulties until the winter, when agene ral election was held. Through this great con­stitutional crisis and the fights over the l Iome Rule

Bill the King never shirked his duty. \Vhe n poli.ticians ranted and statesmen lost their hea ds herema ined cool and wise, and was neither to be per­suaded that he had no responsibi lity nor rushedinto hasty action. lie reminded his Ministers thatwhen they were gone he would remain and hisactions would be remembered.

H e realized only too well the difficulties he hadto face and the serious limitations imposed by theConstitution on his powe r. He never wished itotherwise. In 1913 when Lord Roseberry a nd hewere looki ng at a picture of Cromwell, the former

~a~d, ':.That is the man we \\'~,t,lt t~~w:' " Tl~e Kingsaid. I 0 cut my head off. No, sa id LordRoseberry, " But to turn out the Parliament."

H is patience was often tested and his spirittroubled by the unreflecting sta tements of Lord andCommoner ali ke. Il l' took hi...; duty seriously, andwhen all looked dark he drew to the attent ion ofhis Prime Ministe r, Mr. A sq uith, the words he hadaddressed to his subjects at the time of his Co rona­t ion: .. Whatever perplexities or difficulties ma y liebefore me and my people, we should all uni te infacing them resolutely, calmly and with publicspi rit. confident that under D ivine guidance, theultimate outcome Illay be tu the common good."

There was that horrible ni~htmare of july, 19 14,when the cry of civi l war was on the lips of-se r io l1 ~and sober-minded men; and there were the last fewdays before the lights went black all over Europe :and that ath of August when he was called o ut ofbed a t midn ight to sign the declaration of waragainst Germany. •. My Cud, .\11'. Page, what e1~e

could we do ?" he said later to the American Am­bassador. lie wa..; convinced of the justice ofEngland's cause a.. he wa .. confident in an alliedvictory, and by word and example he strove to

that end.What courage he showed by giving: up liquo r at

the Royal table until the end of the war! Ilismeals were frugal, and visitors to Windsor Castlealmost complained of the boiled egg-. toast andbarley water diet he gave them .

The King often visited the workmen in the fac­tories; he possesses a knowledge and insight into

TH E NEWFOUNDLAND Q UARTERLY,-'9.

Ti n: orrtcr .o. 1.A:"iDI~G OF THE Dl:KE Al\'[) Hl'C flESS or COIl.:'\\\'AIL A:"'D YORK , xow TIIEII{ )I....JESTIE S

1i.1 ~G GI,;QkGE Y. AND QL"EEN )1"11.\' , OCTOIH':R 24TII, I '}OI, AT TII~ Pkt:)Il~ES 0" )n:SSRS A. II A RVE \ " & CO., LTJ).

l'bQlo·Enira~ing by co" n ,.,., of ~ . iI . I'a tl <m• .1< Son.

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.-2o.

labour matters few of his ministers could ever equal.He visited the front risking his life in so-doing.\Vhether on the field before Cassel or in his drawingroom at Buckingham Pa lace, he was full of goodhumour, good will and merriment. T he simplicityof his mode of living was balanced by the cordialityand friend liness of his manner. There are somesketches of him at this time that seem to indicate thatif Edward the Seventh was h is own ambassadorabroad King George was his own Prime Ministerat home. .. A fine man with a big bass voice, whota lks very well, and is most agreeable." "The Kingis an emphatic and vivacious talker fond of pound.ing the table . He possesses the liveliest sense ofhumour and enjoys a good story ."

~. Just how much power or influence a king has depends upon his personality. The influence of thethrone and of him on the throne, being a whollythoughtful, industrious and conscientious man, isvery great."

By his side stands Queen Mary. a pleas ant womanve ry gracious, and very royal in appearance, veryconsiderate and thoughtful , but above all, his faith­ful wife and companion since 1893. It was a luck ything for Eng-land. the E mpire and the world thatduring these dark days when war ravaged thenations, and during the aftermath wben': sceptreand crow n came tumbling down," and customs andconventions were being thrown to the winds, t heresat upon the Britis h Throne a man and a womanwho held fast to the old-fashioned virtues of tem per­ance, chastity and fortitude.

Passing fashion or fantast ic luxury they havealways des pised. In social things their conducthas been solid, clear and consistent; they clingsteadfastly to the sensible notions of a happy homelife where chi ldren are brought up in love and fearof the Lord .

The natio nal rejoicing at the King 's recoveryfrom his illness in 1929 showed how popular hewas. As he drove from Windsor Castle to Buck­ingham Palace the streets were thronged with thou­sands of his loyal subjects. Hearts beat happilyand eyes brimmed as the pale King and his statelyQueen passed by in the royal coach.

The Ki ng at various t imes has visited all parts ofhis Empire. He visited St. John 's all two occas ions.In IC}OI he laid the founda tion stone of the CourtH ouse. In 1912 by pressing a button in Londonhe performed the same ceremony for the newSeamen's Institute which was named afte r him.There is a bond of loyalty and. friendsh ip whichwas created by the splendid heroism and sacrifice of

our bra ve soldiers and sailo rs in the service of theKing.

" It is a faithfu l tradition of the Royal Familythat loyalty or confidence won is never forgotten orneglec ted in days of adversity."

Certain ly H is Majesty has shown his gre atestsympa thy for the trials we have undergone in recentyears, and we may feel assured that he will alwaysretain the deepest interes t in thi s, the corner sto neof his far-flung Dominions. Newfoundlande rs willjoin with enthus iasm in thanksgiving to P rovidencefor preserving the King and Queen during thesefitfu l five and twenty yea rs, and in rejoicing thatwe are still assoc iated with two of the noblest, mostillust rious monarchs that ever graced the EnglishT hrone

Poverty prevents ou r celebrating the occas ion aswe would. Our hear ts shall rejoice an d our thou g htsshall go out to hi m with exp ressions of firm andnever-changing loyalty and with wishes of happ yveal'S to come for him and his devoted Q ueen.",Vould he not be glad to see us wise and patie nt inour adversity, and will he not share in our hopesthat our surrendered sta tus will soon be rega ined?

These twenty-five ye:lrs have been memorable ones.We have seen. the spanning of the Atlant ic by thehuman voice and by the aeropla ne; we have seenthe construction and destruction ot the Branc hRailways, the nationalization of ou r railway andsteamship services an ti the establishment of the twugreat indus trial ente rprises of Corner Brook andBuchans. From 1914 to 19 18 thousands o f ouryoung men marc hed away to fight in the King'scause, and many laid down their lives for King andCountry. \Ve have seen our national debt inc reasefive-fold. \Ve have seen our credit sto pped, untilat length, confident that we would be treated justlyand honour ably. as security for the help we are torecei ve, we have handed back to our Sovereign theindependence which our forefathers proved them­selves worthy to win.

In the celebrations that are to take place we maybe comforted by the thought tha t we have thus bee nbrought in close r union with the Crown. But fire­works alone will not be adequate demonstration ofour feel ings. Can we not do something which willaid in bri nging about the restoration of our pro udnat ional spirit? \Vhat King George most admiredin 190 1 was the appearance of the three CadetCorps. H e felt confident that "the tra ini ngof well-organized Corps mus t produce beneficentresults, moral and physical, upon the comi nggeneration, and at the sa-ne time infuse and stimu-

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERL\ - ".

TilE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.- 22.

late that read iness for self-defense which is so essen­tial a feature of true patriotism ."

Is there less truth in this statement to-dav ? T hefunds being raised in England to mark the King 'sJubilee. at the King's request. will be used for theestablishment of a League of Youth and the Princeof Wales has undertaken to preside ove r the ir admi­nistration . Could we the refore more fittingly mar kth is occasion than by the re-forma tion of theseBoys' Brigades whic h gave ou r Grac ious King somuch sat isfaction in 1901 ? Our youth needs morethan education. It needs comradeship, tra in ing anddiscipline. Here is an occasion which ca n be bestrecogn ized by gh"ing yout h wha t it needs. and atthe same time making a suitable and wort hy memo­rial which would give great plea ...ure to the King.

Long rnay he reign over usHappy and glorious.God. save the King IGod save the Q ueen !God bless the Prince of Wa les !

The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of theAcccession of His Majesty the King.B, H-. F_ C. Aw..r....e. c.:uai...... '- H_ AfU,in ... u..,......

i N B~:~~:' ~~~jh~t~,th;f ~~:~r:ex:'a::' :~11i:"::i~tongues , of di versified complexions, of many reli­gions, and of infinite distinctions in respect ofS'lcia l sta tus- Lords and Co mmon l!rs, a r ilitoc' a 's

and plebe ian s, lea rned and ignor ant, rich anti poo r, old andyou ng - will unite in the Celebratton of the Silver Jubiltp. ofthat King under whose benefi cent swa y they have liv - d dulin gthe most ' momentous twenty five years in the world's histor y.Kin~s have fallen , Empires ha ve crumbl ed, Dicta tors havearisen , War ha s rav aged the earth , the old soc ial order ha s beenover tu rned, the foun dations of the eco nomic s}'!ue m have beensha ken, starvation and plenty s it side by side. An d ,el, h" theGr ace of God, the Th ron e of Our Gracious King aed Our Heloved Queen still sta nd s upon the solid foundation of the 10lall)'and affec tion of the ir gra teful aubject s . Th e wi-sdom andknowledge of human nat ure inhe rent in his fore bear s, Qu t enVicto ria and King Edw ard, have shown themsdve'l ,,'ith co rnu­

lat ive force in Kif'lg Geo rge. Th ere is ~omethine: in her ed ity,The varied rices constituti ng the Brid,h Emp ire ar e no t beldtogether by force or law or cc nstiturin n. A~ the Ki ng so aptlyput it in his last me\sage to his peopi es , Ihey are rather a la rgeand happy famil y, differing from each other , as do the members01 an ordin ary fa mily, with distinct ambitio ns, \'ar ird tempera­ment s, and div ersh y of rale nts ; with al, bo und togetb er by acom mon rega rd for eac h other, as in a family, and united inaffect ion for that on e who , because of his posi tion as th e fat her,for ms the lin k binding the co mponent parts of the famil)".King Georg e and Queen :\la ry hafe ind eed endeavoure d to bet he fat her I nJ the moth er of th e peoples in tbeir rC.ilms. Intbe P,d ace tbe y bl ve b~eo mod~l, of what a fatbcor and a mother

should be in respe ct of th eir c en hmilr , and as Kin g .illdQue en the,. have alway s st riven for th e ha ppine ss, the COlll fott

an d the well·bein: of the large r b "nil)' in t heir J).:»minions. Itis not surprising. theref ore , t llat, wherev er the sun shi nes, lherewill be hearts and voice s lilted in thl nk fulnl!Ss to Almighty (kld,for bis c:ood ness to Our Graciou, King and Que en, and , in re­joici ng, tha t T heir :\[ ~ j est ie s ban been spa red to celeb rate tbeirSilver J ubilee.

Th ere are no mo re loyal an d devo ted sub jects of Hi , Majestyanywhere tb an th ose who have the ir homes in Xe",foundlOi ndthe most ancient and the most 10)''11 of the British Il)min ion ~beyond the Seas. WI! bear in happy reme mb ranc e the visit ofthe Kine and Q ueen (t hen Duke and Duchess of Cornwall andYork ) to thes e short"s in 19 ° 1, Ard , in the Celebration of Ihi.Silver Jub ilee , bot h in the C apital City of SI. Joh n's and in tbesmall est hamle t alon e ou r coutlin t. th ere will Ill' some Cele bra_tio n a ttest ing ou r regard and devotion to T hei r :\la jtsties.

The Commission of Go vernment has placed the m gl nizin!!:a rrang ements for tbe Celeb ration of this jubilee in the hands oft he Co mmissioner for Home Aff.lirs and Education. ' il lS ~h.jes t)' has exp ress ed the d esire thar th e Celebr at ion sh Ill be on alocal basis so that th e people of each town or settle ment mayhave the opportunity of ob ser ving the cccasie n near their homes.The King also desires th at no und ue expe nditu re 1>.- incu rred,hut tha I eac h locality may have the be st poss ible Celeb ration,taking into acc ou nt their nu mbers and thei r circumstances. Itis the " People 's Celebration," the out come of the devo tion toand regard for the Person a nd Thron e of His Maje sty the Kil'l:and th ,lI Gr acious Lady .....hom '"" e dtli",ht to can our Qur~n ,

T here will be Co m.ninees in eac h loc.Jj-y 10 make the nt'a'ssalYarran gem en ts lor the Celebrat ion. In 51. Jonn's a Ge neralCommi ttee le p. esenlalive of all sections of thl! co mmunily hubee n appointed. Suc h Com-nnree will ta ke cha r~e of the Celbration in St. john's. Si milar Co remiuees will be appo inted bth e peopl e in each to .."n or senlemee t through out the country toorganize and car r)"th rou~h the Celebr atio n in suc h towns 0

senlements. Th e :\Iagbtrates th roug hout th e country hav e beencomm unicat ed with , and the y 111 i11 invite the co-operation 0Cle 'g \men, [ usrices of the Peac e, School Teachers and otbepromin ent cui zens. The funds for any necessary expe nses ..... illbe rai-sed 10C.III)",a ed the variuus Fina nce Committees t hroughout the Island will d eal with their o wn localiti es. In 'the e elbra'ion of Qu~n \"icto ria'li Dia mond J ubilee . the merc hantsban kers, and the peo ple gene rall )' co ntribute d liberally .

Fro m the member ebip of the General Co mmittee in S1. Jo hn'ther e have been lormed Sub-Ccmminees to dea l Il itb variouphases ot the Cele bration to tak e place t here.

I. T nere i-, a Finance Co-emtnee of about one dezen personwho will lake char co:: of th e raising and expen diture 0( tbreq uired funds.

1. T here is a Commntee re Sc hool Ch ildr en an d UndePriv ileged Child len, His ~t . j..s ty th e King desired pa-ricula rlthat in th is Celebration the child ren should be specially dealwith , and the child ren' s tuncricu should be the outs tan dinfeature of the Cele bration . It i. probable tha t there will beComeuu ee of Ladies to assi st the Ch ild ren's Cornmiue e, partcularl y if ther e is any proposal to Rive the Cnildren a Te l.

J' T her e is a Committe e re Par ade. It was consi dered tbathe rep rese-natives of the "" rious Societies might arra ngemonster P,nolde, whicb, afte r proce tdin&th rough the City, waulcall upon lI is Elcel1 ency the Gov erno r hIT the prese nu tionAddresse s of Lo,..1ty to H i) :\Iaj es ty. Tbe re i$ no doubt tba

TH E N EWFO UNDLAND QUA RT ERL Y,- '3 .

TilE NEWFOlJ NDLAND QU ARTERLY.-'4.

I U I.S. " (JI' IHR " I:" ST. J OI O/'S lI AR fH1L'R._TH fS SIIII' CONYEY ~: [I T1n: Ut ~f.\J E<;Tl ES TIn: !>:'XG A N D Q U E E N

(T Il E N nU " E A!\ l) Ill' Clt ESS 0 " COKNW ~ LL Ar-'U YO R K) T O :->E\\ 'Fll UNII L\ l\ll , OC TOIlE R 2J W ., HjOl .Pholo- I.:n,!;. .....;"g by cou rle.y of S. II . I'a rson s & Scm".

the various Societies and othe r org anizatioos will be anxious toexpress thei r loyalty and a united demonstration of this char­acter would certainly be most effective .

4. T he re is a Co mmittee re Fireworks. Hlumination, etc.Cirixens will no doubt dis play thei r hunting and rbe St ree ts willbe deco rare j with other co loure d material. AI night there will

be a d isplay of fire ....orks , while the hous es of citizens ....ill beilluminated and special atte ntion will be given to the ColonialBuilding, the Railway Station and perhaps the NewfoundlandHotel. Preparations have already been made !1O that the neces­sary material for this purpose may be available, both to cit izensand to th e Covemmem. The Coloni al Build inJ!: lends itselfwen to a d isp lay of this characte r, and the Building will be out ­lined in electric lijt hts, and some mOIlOf'S ...ilI be displayed uponits front. Suitable electrical devices will also appear at (; ...vetu­ment House. No doubt tber .. will be a number of JounJ!: menwho will desire to kindle Bonfires on the hill rep s and otherpoin ts of vantage.

5. An Exeourive Committee will be appointed co lsis' ing ofthe Commissioner for H ome Affairs and Edu cation, the Cha ir­men of the various Sub Committees, and other percon s appoi ntedby the Commi sxioner , as may be found necessary. As occasion

may an ise smal l S ub Committees may be a ppointed to deal withotber matters tha t may de mand attention.

On the Day of Celebration, M:md.ly , 6th May nut, the re willbe a Cer ..mooi al Than ksgiv ing S..rvice in the Church of E'l glandCathedral, the Roman Cat holic Cath ed ral, and prob ably inother chu rches. T hanksgivinJ!: Services may also be held onthe followinJ! Sun day , May r ath.

Silve r Medals a re to be stru ck in London in comme mora tionof the event, and these .. ill be for sale, th e small e r size at 2S. 6d.each, and the lar ge r size a t one l!:uinea each, A . quantity ofthese will be brought here for sale to those who may wish tobuy.

The title " Silver Jubilee" has, with H is Majesty's ap proval,been r fficlally adcp ted Icr the }'ear 1935 ,

It is hcp- d that, in manner as above , ample opportun ity willbe affo rded lur the expression by the peopl .., not only in St.john's , but aro und the whole coastline, of th..ir attachment toth" Throne and Person of H is M<ljl:sty the King:, We havelived in law abi:li ng orde r and in serunry unde r the s way of abeneficent Sovereign, and I am eut e that we have value d ourprivileges and will be prepared to honour in every way in ourpowe r the Gracious King under whose protection we live andby whose law we art: governed.

TH E NEWFOUN DLAND QUA RTERL Y,-'5.

The Late Archbishop Howley's"Newfoundland Name-Lore."

Republished ' rom " The Newfoundland Quarterly," Commencing Oclo~r. 1901.

ARTICLE XVIII.8f'Olt~ continuing my course round the sbore, I wish

here to mention a few places which 1 omitted be­

tween Bay-de-Verde and Cerbieeere. The first ofthese Is

Ad ltm ' , c e ve.

This name is derived fro m one Adam Clerk e, who for merly ca r­Tied on business here . He was the first settle r, H e had sevensons, and he divided the place bet ween them. I t was once aplace of considerabl e impor tance and seve ral large firms didbusiness here u Rid leys, Rou rke" Bennett, &c.

Another place wortby of note is

Ok erpi l Co ve .

This name appears on the French maps as fIT back as 1792.It is derived from the fact 01 there ~ing found there a la rgedeposit of red ochre, or ferruginous hematite day, This is thes ubstance M) Ltvi,hly used by the aboriginal Indians, th eBceot buck s, and ...ith which the)' sme ared not &nly their face'and persons. but tht:iT boats, utensils and even the "ery bones oftbeir dead. From this th..y received the title or name of " Red

I ndians," for naturally they were not le':l but tawny or )"1'110"

like the ~1ic-~lacs or ~Iountair:eer~, From some xkele ton a ormummies of their dt:ad discovered, it has been found thd alterthe co rpses had been sufficienlly long dead to become mom :ni­fied, sho ",'ing that rhey practised se-ne lode form of embalming,they e xhumm ed the bodies, or ra ther took them fro m the-it

burial places whic h were above groun d and smeared them allover with led och re. the same wa s done w ith the bones in casesof ske leIons.

On the promontory separating Carbonear fro m HarbourGrace is situated the little H ar bo ur or Hii,ht of

Mosq ullo.

Until recently it bas been stat ed ~enerally by our Historiansthat this litt le Cove was the site of John Guy's Colony of 1610.It would seem, howeve r, that this 'is not correct, but that thepr incipal settlement of ttl' Colony _as at Cuper's Cov e, nowCupid's near Bricus. In my .. Ecclesiastical History," p. 76, Ientered folly into this disputed question. At present I am 01'111ccccemed with the origin of the name ~losqullo. It might bethougbt there should be no room for doubt as to the mea1ing ofthe word and tbat it is certainly derived from the well known flywhich is so troublesome in summer time. I am, ho .. ever, ofopinion tbat sucb is not tb e case , and that the name is derivedIrorn Musket, a form of fire-arm introduced into the BeirishArmy about tbat lime, and indeed the word began to beemploy ed as a general nam e for a gun. Thus wmtboa me in"Discourse, &c _," 1619, describes how the Red Indians at"Hearts Cement" were "frighlened by the shooting off of amusket," Si r David Ki rke, writing to Charles 1. ( 1629), spea ksthus of the articles foun d at Q ueb ec" thirt een whole, and onebroken Musken,' Th e word is deri ved fro m the na me of aYoung hawk or falcon much in vogue at the time of the inven­lion of fire-arms. T he new .....ea pon took down its prey so swillly

and sorely, after the manner of this falcon, tbat it was called a

Musket. On the other band the word ~fosquito (pronouncedmuskeeto) is simply a Spanish ....o rd meanin.:: a small tly, th e

diminutive of Mosca, a tly.Th e mosquito which is very widely spread over the Continent

of America , indeed is 10 be found aimos l anywhere from theEquato r to the Poles. evident ly mad e a grea t impression, inevery sense of the word, upon the ea rly explo re rs and navigato rs.A long str ip of Coast skirting the Is thmus of Pan ama is calledt he Mosquito Coast, and Don Fernando Colu mbus in his" Life"of his Iatber Christopher Columbus, tells us that he (Christopher)al ter his return from his secon d voyage was called in derisionby the people" Tbe Admiral of Mosquito-Land," T his word~lo~quito 11'&1 anglicised into ~fu~ket, Thus Sir David Kirkein a letter 10 Charles l. (1630) asking leave to fonify Quebecsays:-" A besieging army cannot May here above three montbs(in summer) all in wbicb lime the ~fu!oketts .iII soc tormentthem that nne min is able 10 be abroad in centr)· or trenchesdaye or ni&;ht, without losinge their sights at least eigbr days ."

Again Whitbourne (1619) ~peab thus quaint!) of tbe ~{u .·

keitos (as he ;pells the word). in Xewtcundland,

"These nimbi" little tI)es seeme to hav e a gre2te power andauthoritj- upon all lev le ling and idle people, for they have thisproperty Ibal ...hen tbey find an}' such I)inj!; lazily or sieepiogin the woods, they will presently be more nimble to seize themthan any sarl;:eanl ...ill 10 arrest a man for debr, neither willthey leave stynf::in~ or sucking ou t the blood of such sluge:ardsunti l like a Beadle they b ring him to his moiste r whe re he s houldlabour , in which Iyme of I"yterieg: those tlyes will so brande suc hid le persons in thei r fa ces thai t hey mil}' be kno wnI' from oth ersu the Turks doe thei r slaves."

T he mus ket as a fire-a rm soon superseded the Ca rbine o rCarabine and was itself eubse quently superseded by the rifle,

I have said above tha t Ihe name of musket, as meaninc afire-arm i, derived from the small bawk of that nam e. It is 1'101,bowever, impossiblco, that it may be derived from the anglicisedform of ~Io~quito, as it is not difficult to conceive a compariso nbetween Ibe sharp Sling: of the ~Iosquito, and the deadly pingof the bullet from the :\Iusket.

whatever mar be thougbr of tbis it seems to me quit e impro­bable thaI this little cove ill Conception B.lYshould eave derivedits nam e from the mosquito fly. If the name were applied 10th e wbole Island of :-';ewfoundland, or a larce portion of theCoast. it might be easily admitted, as these flies are foundequally distributed all over the country, It must be no ted thatthere a re three or four other places on our shores call ed by thisname, Thus ther e is a Mosq uito ill SI. Mary's Baj- andanot her in Burin.

T here is, ho wever, as fa r as I knew no special reason why thlelittl e cove in Co nception HolY should hav e received the name.T he re does not seem to be any evide nce to prove that th e" nimble little fly" is more particularly busy ther e o r makes

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.-26.

itself more keen ly felt tba n elsewhere. It is, however, quiteconceivable that there may have been a company of Musket­teers here , as 1 ha ve supposed the Ca rblneers to have been atCarbonear, We arc told that John Guy, built at his ne w se t­tleme nt a dwelling house and stores, and e rected a fortified en­closure on which he mounted three cannon, and most likely hadalso muskets. From what I have sa id above it might be objectedthat this fortification Ins erec ted not at Mosquito, but at Cuper'sCove. However, even if it be proved that Guy first settled atCuper's Cove, it would appear that he had also an establishment

at Mosquito, for so St. John tells us in his Cathchism (1835).St. John had original documents in his possession which hereceived from his grandfather, the grnt George Gnland, andhence his authority ls very strong in favor of Guy's Colony (orIt least a branch of it) having been at Mosquito.

But to return to the nomenclature, it i5 an unquestionable factthat on ancient maps this cove is called by the name of

MUllkel11 Co ve.

T he s pelling of course, as is usual , varies muc h. T hus onThornton's map (1689) it is given as Musketto. On Bellin'smap of 1744 we have Meskeno. In Taverner's " British Pilot ,"of 17 4~ . It appears as" Mu~kdto or Muskets Cove." Again inthe same (page 9) Musketa Cove. This book, "The EnglishPilot, 1755," compiled from " the intormation of divers able"navigators of our own and other nations," gives a most accuratedescription of the coast, with comple te sailing directions, "fromHudson 's Bay to the River Amazcnes." Speaking of thisHarbour of Muskets it says: 't Mnsketa Cove where ships may" ride but seldom use. Here lives two planters " It is not soconvenient for fishing ships as oth er places , altho' clean Il:rlIund,water enough and large. " From this it would appear that itwas not a likely place to have been selected by John Guy forhis plantation, or if it hid been at first selected, it must havebeen soon abandoned for" Cupers Cove ." Me-quite .....as visitedby Gove rnor Sir Thomas iluckworth in 181 0, so it must havebeen a plac e of some importance up to that date.

At the ent rance to H arbour Grace there are two very remark­able rocks named respectively

Salvage Rock!l,

which stand very high out 01 wate r and form a very conspicu­ous and pictu resque object. and

Lon g Harry.

TiJ~ origin of the former name has been already alluded to inArticle XV I. The latter may have some loca l significance, butas far as 1 know it has no historical impor tance. We nowcome to

" ar bour Grace.The town of Harbour Grace is the second city of importance

in the Island. It is the slte of an Episcopal See of the RomanCatholic Church, and delights in the title of the" Bay Metro­polis." The harbour is one of the finest in the count ry. althoughther e is a rather awkwa rd bar , projecting from the south sidetowards the "Point of Beach " on the town side. The land..round the harbour is level , and admirably adapted for thebuilding of a town. lienee the principal streets-Water St reetand Harvey Street lunning parallel to the water front -areleveller and straighter than those of St. Jo hn 's. T here is noreem to doubt that the present name of Harbour Grace isAnglicised from Havre de Grace, and was given by the Frenchin imitation of the town of that name at the mouth of the RiverSeine. That town is generally shor tened into Le Havre, The

• T hese ....e.e und oubt edly Pynn 3.lld Pike, 101 •. Sho.tis info .mll me.

H a rbour, as it were par excellence, and so also we find Ha rbourGrace called simply" T he Harbour" on so me old maps.

It is not so easy, howeve r, to tell exactly at what ti me thisha rbour received thi-s name. We know tha t it was founde d asan En~lisb colony Shortly afte r John Guy's foundation (16 10),and that it then was known as

Br l&lol's n op e.

It was also called Bristow or Bristowe , an ancient way of spell,ing Bristol , so it is mentioned by Stowe as the birth place ofSebastian Cabot, and Mr. Edward Wynne, Lord Baltimore'sfirst Gov ernor of FeTTyland, writing in 1622, speaks of thiscolony in Conception Bay as Bristow . John Guy, the founderof the colony, was a merchant of Bristol. He published severalpamphlets and was the first to excite interest in colonization.H e thus secured the pat ronage 01 Sir Francis Bacon, LordNort hampton, Sir Francis Tanfield, and othe rs who fo rmed thecompany of the Forty Associates under the title ot "The Com­panie of Ad ve nturies and Planters of the Ci ties of London andBristow for the Colonization and Plant ation of Newfou ndl and."They received a grant of all the T e rr itory from C. Bonav ista toC. St. Mary's. Mr. Guy sailed h om Bristol with three sh ipsbringing thi rty-nine persons all told. H e was appoint ed Gov­erno r 01 the Xew Colony, Joh n Slaney, a merchant of London,was treasurer of the Company. Guy remained two yea rs in thecoun try. an d wrote an account of it to Mr. Slaney. AbbeB rudouin tells us H arbour Grace had only fourteen house s in1697, Carbcniere had t"'ent) two" the best built in theCountry."

I shall have more to say about this colony when I come tovCupid-," or Cuper's Cove . To re turn to the question of theda te of the name Harbour Gr ace, I find the name in whit­bourn e as far back as r6'9. which would induce us to bel ievethat it held this name previous to Guy 's time, and th at he, Gu y,endeavoured but unsuccessfully 10 oust the nam e of H ar bourGrace by substituting Bristol's Hope. The latter name appearson Mason's map , 1625, and Sir W. Alexander wriling in 1630,mentions the colony by that name. Rut again on De Leer'smap, dared 1630, we find De Grace. On Dudley's ma p, 16U,we find, evidently by an error of the copyist, H a rbour Gran de.On Thornton's map, 1689, H arbour Grace, The same onFitzhugh's, 1693 ; Friend's map, r113, the same. T, Cou rLotte r's map , 1120, Havre de Grace; a French map by N, B.(Bellin.") of date 17H, also H avre de Grace. Cook 1174,Harbour Grace, and on a French Admirality map, of r776, Por tde Grace.

The S. Point of Hr. Grace is called

Coming Southwards from Harbour Grace we next meet asmall cove called

Brya n lll Co\t e .

which is probably named from some ea rly inhabitant and isapparently a corruption of

Br ie n ' s Co \te

for so it appears on some maps. On Tbornton's map, 1689, itis written Briants Cove. The same on the Royal Frenc h mapof 1792. But Abb e Baudouin, Chaplain of D'Ibberville's Armyin 1697, spells it Briana Cove.

we next come toSpaniard '. Bay .

T his name has been fully explained in Article XVI. It isfound on all the ancie nt maps.

July, 1907. t M. F. H•

T HE NE \\' FO Ul':DLAN D QU ARTERLY.-27.

ART ICLE XIX.n. y Robe ,l s.

Bay Roberts is no doubt called from a family of Ihat eame.

It is an old English family na me (thou.l:h Lord Roberts is ofIris h origin). T he name still SU T\, j vcS in Xewtcundland underthe corrupt or moder nized form of .. Rabbit •. " The name ofRay Robe rts is fou nd on \'ery euly maps. T he earliest mentionI find of it is on T hornton's map, dated 1689_ On T . COll T

Lo ner's map, 1120, it is ,;iven as R. Ro bert 's, the name bei ngtransferred to tbe River. On the Royal Frenc h map, 1780, ita ppears as B. Ro bert, and the F renc h map, 179z, has Bayede Robert. T hus we see the name boasts of a conside rabl eant iquity. Bay Robe rts is divlced into two barbours by a pen­insula called

Co le)" . Poiol.

:'oIT. Sbcrus of the G .P.O. , to wbom I am indebted for a gn~at

de al of information concerning these locali ties, inlorms me th atthi s poin t was originally called" Coldest Point ." Th at the firstsettlers were Daveys and Sno ...s I (a very app ropriate place fortbese laller ). In the .. Sailing Directions" it is called Cold EastPoint . Th ere is still a pl ace the re called

T he present membe r of the Assem bly for Burin is a desce nda ntof this family.

Th e next large arm of the sea to th e sout h of nay Roberts isnamed

Port-d e. Gr a ve.

that is to sa}' the Port or Hu bour of the Beach. T he ordinaryFrench word lor the beach is I:reve. pronounc...d broadly as the

Eng lish word grave- 11 is also so men.ees so spelt in French,and is pronounced b}' the fi-bermen Mill broader as " a" in theEnglish word" to halve. " The name is, of coarse, ( i...en onaccount ct rbe splendid beach which ~preads acr05~ the botto m01 the harbour, into which lbw the two beautiful streams knownrespect ively as the :\orth and Sout h Rive rs. The modem EnC­lish name of

CI. r" ,,'. n..achi5 no doubt d erived from the name of one of the early sett lersmost probably a rela u ve of (i f not the same per son) Ad amClerke or Clarke ment ioned in last ar ticle (X \'I II,) as thepieseer of Adam 's Cove.

When goiag to H arbour Grac e by tra in, a few years age, Inoticed a remar kable looking bald round head rbing from tbepoint of land which forms the northern side of Pen-de-GraveBay. Monsignor "'.Ish, .. bo w.u on the train, ieform ed meit was

n arell eed.

I was stru ck with the peculia r manner io . 'hic b he pronouncedit, vir. : Barea-ead making th ree syllables of it, and so it is pro­nounce d by all the people of tbe place. This pronunci ation,togeth er with the remarkable formation of the knoll or tolt,caused me immed iately to seiz e upon the idea that the nameWIS a corru ption or rath er a Devonsh ire pronunciation of" Barren H ead " lI'hich would be a most app ropriate name.Somenme afterwards I recetved a lette r from " lr. W. J. Carroll .of the Rec isu ar's Office, in which he informed me that Mr.Adams, De p. Registr ar, had come across a Deed «, ferring 10.. Bareneed," in which the na me is given as " Bearing H ead."" Ir. Adams kindly sent me an ext ract of the Deed, wbicb isworth reproducing here, I I is as follo...s;-

••j ohn Snow to H unter &: Co.:" A Deed of Mor tgage rqistered io 1807, referrin c to property

Top Quality TeaESTABROOKS .$

ORANGE PEKOEThe better the T ea

the less it costs per cup.

situ ate in wbal is no w kno .....n as Bat eneed , Port de Grave,Cc nce prio n Bay. T his property was bequeated 10 tb e mortga·geor in 1787 by his father Jac ob Snow and the place is referr edto and called" Bearin! H ead." •• T he particul ars may befound in Vol. 4. of the Miscellaneous Registry. pp. 48 & 49."

(Sgd. ) G w , J. All"'''S ,D. Reg. Sup. Cou rt.

I ta ke this opportunity to th ank ~Ir . Ada", for the interestincinfOl'mation. I think it bears out m)' conjectur e. T here wouldbe no meanin2 in the word " Bearing' Head . But barren is quiteinte llill:ible, and the 50011 a in such words as barr en is very oftenlengthened b)' \\ 'e,t·Counlr)' men 's dialect . I ha...e often heardthe word .. have." pronounced as the a in shave. I may he re men­tion that there is a hill bet ...·..e'l Renews e and Fermeuse namedBald H ead. AI the south -west corne r uf Clarke's Beach the

Soulh Rho.r

lbwi in. At tile mouth of thh river was situa ted the Colony ofJohn Guy, or rather the farm belong ing 10 th a t colony. T hisfarm or settlement was called

S ee f o re st ,

as ..... e learn from the patent gi\'i"l!: the Bounda ries of LardBaltimore's Colon y of .",valon. Prowse says in his H istory( p. 98) tha t ea rly in tb ts (XI X) Century tee remaies of GUy'5building . mills, & c., were found . together with millston es, coin s,x c. T he pri ncipal centre, bceever, of Guy's colcnj- was thesnug little harbour now known as

C u p ids.

Thill place was well chosen as offering excellent harbourage.It is tbus desc ribed in the British Pilot , r7 55, " Cupids Cove i5a &ood place for a shi p or two to ride in ; 4. 5, or 6 Iatboms,and are not abo ve a point open ."

It is now certa in tha r Cu pids was the pri ncipal place of JolinGuy's settle ment, tbough as remark ed in No. XV II I, he mayabo have bad a branch set tlement a t Mosquito. Prowse n ys(p. 98) .. . t Cupi ds Guy built three houses besides his wha rves,stor es, and fishing establishment. It was nor, however, at lirstknown by the name of Cupids, which is oDly a modern Variant,It was originall)' called

probably afte r the name of tbe first agee t, manae:er,or Gove rnorof tbe Colony. Like maDYother Damu we find a &reat variety

THE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY.-,8.

of spellin gs. Thus on Mason' s Map, r6 25, we have Capen'sCove. On Dudley's map, 164.1, Cuet es, which mustbeami lakeof the chartognphers. On Seller's m..p, 16'1." Coper's Cove";....hile the Governor of tbe Colon)", John Sla ney, in his lett e rs tohis Chief, spells it Cuper's Cove.

The Dame bad been corrupted, or rather in tbis case improvedinto Cupid's, as early as 1630, for !lO it is called by Sir Willi amAlexander, the founder of S ova Scene, at rhat earl)' date.

Th e nu t settle men t coming scum from Cupids is

orlgu ••'rbis name has give n rise to a !,:ood dea l of cont roversy. Itmay be here slate d that there is ano ther small harbour nearCape Broyle which bears the same name, and fo r disti nction'ssake it is called BIi:us South or Brigus by South, while the oneunder consideration is called Brigus by XOTth.

Mr. Shonis mailltains tbat the nam e is I corruption of BridgeHouse or Brig House, from a small villa:e eear Huddersfieldin tbe West Riding of Yorkshire, whence the first settlers ofBrigus came. He bas an ancient hjme book be.arine in giltlette rs gn tbe ecver the name of .. Brigbouse." T his book form­e rly belonRed to one of the old famihe~ of Brigus. T here isalso an old Bible be ar illl: the sa me name on its cove rs. It ""asorig inally the pecpeuy of the Rev. Mr. Piercy, the first ~Ietho­

dist Minis ter , who was a native of the cou ntry , tbe da te of thebook is 1187. Thi!l book ~I r. S. inform s me is still in the pos­session of ~tr. W. A. Munn , whose family was related 10 thePie rcys. T he Lancashire and Yorkshire people, like the Sco tch,pronounced Brirlge :IS Rd!':-and Brighouse .....ould certainly beprcncunced .. Br i~u s". Xeverthelees. I am still of opinion thatthe name is derived from BriJ::a ship, and means

orl. " er hour.

This place is called hy Abte Beaudouin, Arm)' Chaplain toD'Ibbervltle in 1691,-BdJ1:ue. There is a harbour on the X.W.Ccasr nea r FO"'el'~ Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, called Brig Ba)·and the F renc h call it Brigue preci"l'ly as they call thi s harbourof Btigui. The Bti li,h Pilot of 1155, an entirely Englis h Book,spells it Brigues.

T here is in Brigus Bay or H ar bour a cove call ed

Gllll o w s Co ...e.

Mr. Shortis derives it Itom the ...-ord Gallowses the name bywhicb tbe fishermen, gene rally desig nate a pair of men'" braceso r suspender s, the arms IIf the CO\'e being shaped like a fork andbearing some resemblance to the Iorm of thes e braces whencro ssed ove r the back. But considering that there is scarcely I

harbour or settlement in the Island, including St. John's itself,which does not rej sice in tbe gr.lesome adju act of a : allo..-,.cove, or gibbet hill, &c., I think we are [usufied in believin a::that tbis eame represe-nts the place where capital punishmentused 10 be inflicted, and i~ a painful reminder of the days ofst e rn naval and military rule. T he days of the Surrogatu IDd}o"ishing Admirals .

Coming sout hwards from Brigus we meet ...·ith

Turk. GUI.

lt has already been ment ioned (Alt. VIIL) th at the coas t ofNewfoundlan d ....as infested .....ith pirates. SOrlie of these camefrom Barbary, and were called generally by our fisher men"Turks." He nce the name of this and other such harboursaround our coast. (Sec Prowse p. 1.16, and articles \'111. ar dXV II. of Ibis series.] :'Oext "ITe come to

Colliers.

This place is probably called from a family name. Tbe nameis still of treqcem occurr enc e among our people. A French

rna , (Bellin. 11.u)gives the name as Baye du Cha rbonniCTc, it.BI)' of tbe Charcoal Burner, but I think ther e is no grOund for

tbe name, and that this is just a translation of the Ellglt$hColliers. I hue heard thai indications of coal have been foulldin the place, but this . I think, is :eologically impo ssible.

Xut we come toS lIlm on Co ...e ,

I name of such freque nt occurrence tha t it has bee n foundnecessary to chan!:e it in many places. Th e present one hasbee n recen tly named

A ...on de le .

One of the ha rbours in this hay was forme rly named Cat'sCO\'e which name has recently bee n changed to Conc t ptioo,both these names hav e ah ead)" been fully discussed (Arl. XVI._X\'l I.)

Th e settlement on the coast of the peninsula, which (oTmstbenorthern side of this harbour. is called

o r Kitchusee, a name the grigin of which i~ un k no ...-n. It bas

b ee n sug!':estcd Ihat it is a rotruption of K it Hug h..', for

Cbris topbe r H ugbe's , but this seems far-fetched , and I a lll notaware that any pe rson of such name ever lived there. Thenext har bour is

The meaning of this name ha s bee n ex plained in Art. VI. Itis called from St, Men.

Between Ha rbour ~[ .I i n and It oly Rood tbe re is a small covecalled Chapel Cove, the origin of the name bas been refe rred toin Art. XVI.

On the point o r peninsula between Salmon Cove and lI arboulMain is the settlement of Ga, uies, the origin of wbicb name isalso alluded 10 in xo. XVII.

October, 1901. t lol. r. H.

~

LOVE'S LANGUAGE.By f:ug enle du Meurler Mer edllh.

YONVf'lc. tbere, Ilutbel;nlecurvednlOon,lba.t'eacbe.toeml.>race(be.la. ....

As it.1ipo by lhem, on it. dOlldland throne. It.peaks love·. tangu l e.ilently. NOlhingmar.

The world. uve man'. 0.0 .ellfol impottonil)" .And his innate wilfol foolish .u~rflu;l)".

Would thaI lun ... re cogniunce did ma.ke of Sanne·. 'uU obediellC'To the I'lan ut before him . lino;elonggoneages . _. for bil

IrUeobei.....Me.For onl)" man, of all Goe!'. crealure'.lhow.a.up.eme indiff . rence

to 1Ii1 Ia•• t

Man. alone. himMtf hu marred ... fa.hioned manikin •• inani mate....ithlb. .. .

Oflelfaggrandirementtolpoil"'hat might ha ... been a I' tan d;y;ne.S"'a)ed them "ith hi. "';11. And him they obey ,..ilh a lo~'alty man

himoelfrnight .. ellenlhrineIn tbe offing of his own endeavor .. , ","orlhip ... 6triving to wa,d

anup,,'ardgro'Olh_If an up"ard growth l>ehi.futlde.ire •. were man not ao graftf" t

... aolo.thTo tea ... an outgro.n, 1I"lus shell upon the lands .. bell gold hil

god had t~en . ..Andyieldbim.. jr ee eeeueece •.. be<ethem~ge .. and

wv:r.liOll .. ill.Greatll", comn from wilhin: a spirilual moti ... thaI olt times can

ele"ateTh e Iowlie.1 wn fat abo ... tbe ma.ter .. ho boIds hil terint .clioll

to hio o.. n.ill.uboldinate.

Til E NEWFO UN DLA ND Q UA RT ERLY.-29.

The New President of the Board of Trade. .T . A. M ACN AB, E SQ.

T h ~~ often been sal d (hat the S cwfoundland Baudof Tude i\ more repr esenta tive of the fi s h i n~ in­dustry rhan of trade and co mmerce gene rally,Th is, in spite of th e faet that since its ince ption,twelve of the twen ty-six elected Pr es idents hue

bad no direct connect ion _ilh thH gred industry. It would beunreasonable of cour se to sug,;est that 100 much attention canbe given to the proper deve-lopment of the fisheries upon which.. e as a people are so dependent, but yet , the Board of Tudemust and does dC\'OIe a great dea l 01 time and eli ,HI to themany probl ems which ariee in other bran ches of t rade andindustry.

T . A. \ IAC:-':U , E S<,t.

Th e unanim ous election of ~Ir. T. A. Mac~ ..b to the Pre si­dctley of Ihe Boa rd of Tr ade is undeniable evid ence of the facttha t the scope of the orliCaniulion i, unlimited. Those whoare personally arquaimed with the new Presid ent will confirmtllis st atemt nL !'olr. ~hCSdb is a Newfoundlander although he'lras born at Mdh"ne BAy. So".. Scotia, th e son of Rev. t:. andMrs. !'ohcSab ...ho late r ClIme ( 0 Sewfoundland. Afte r com­pletinll:his educ.&lion he W.IS employed for ten years with \ 16,rs.J. A. Mathe wson & Se es, of Montre.l, where he obta ined a .. idebusiness experience. Althougli many Se.. loundl.nders at (hattime were seekin!!: tbeir tonuees abroad. Mr. Mac:iab in 1907turned bis face to Ibe East Ind Cl me blck to Ihe land of " fogsaQd dogs " to start the busi ness of T. A. Mac ~ab & Co. , !'obnu­laet ure rs' Al ents , Brok'! rs and Commission Merchanls. Itwould ba\' e been surp'ising inde ed if that firm failed to pros per

unde r the able and progr essi ve mana ge rship of its founder .To-day it bolds a prem ier positton among the well establishedand reputable impo nin,lil: houses, and the fact that it represe ntsonly maectactcrers of world wide re pute is an eloq uent nibute10 the integrity and busines ac umen of its man aging owne r.

Unlike many successful baslness men Mr. )'hcS ab has notbecome addicted to his busin ess. Thouf,h he bas worked i.atdhe has never allo wed businel$ 10 deprive him of the opportunityto se rve a good cause. When there is real work to be done ,when act ion, physical and not merely nrbal, is req uired« T. A.,"a~ he is aff~ionalely kn!)....n in trade ci rcles, is invariably inIhe first line of altlck. It was to be expected . the refor e, thatwhen (11I'0 yeau ago he became first Vice-President of tbe Boardof Trade the most diffi cult l.uk would be allotted to bil1l. Itwas. He was appointed chairman of the Fin ance Com mitt ee,I n two years he wiped out a Ion!!:shnding deficit and created a5urplus. T he co opeulh'l of th e tra de it is tru e made thisposvible, bn .\I r• .\lIe" eb liC~nerated the power tha t set themach iee in motion .

T he ne e Pres ideot of the Heard believe s in the effectiv enessof the spoke n word and finds more ~atisfaetio'l in d isc ussing aproblem with those conc e rned Ihan in writing o r replying to anen dless chJ.in leller~. Tn e worde " yes" and" no" a re usedex :ensive1y in his voc abular y, ....hile .. pe rhaps" an d" possi bly"are gener a lly rese .....,d for sucn uncertain maners as rhe weather.He is of Sco uis n descent and it is not at all unlikely th at one ofhis ancesto rs coine d the phrn e " a spade is a spad e ," beca useto hinl il al-.wa.yswas and always will be.

S ince .\h, Mlc~ ab a'is umed the Presidency , commt.teesrepresentativ f th e varic>us br.m ch ee of trade have been formed .T nese committees are no" studying the THill and an y anomaliesthere in are referred to the r ad II CJ n-ntnee who will, in d uecourse, br ing th em to th e at tenti on of the Chairman of theBoard of Custo rns. Th is is on ly m ade pcse ible by the l1. enerousmeasu re of co-ope ra tion which hu been ex-ended by th e officialsof the l I eprrtm ent who a re anxinu'! to work in harmo n)' withthe B.lHd and mem bers of tbe t rade gene rally.

Mr. .\la cSab i'! pllticular ly anxious 10 add to Ih,e pre sentou tpo rt mem bership , in orde r th at (he Ba ud might be evenm-ire rep resenta.iv e of tr ade and indus try. A spec ial campa itohI S been Orlan,z ~d . and il is cOnnd l.'nlly expect ed that beforethe vear closes rna ...)' ne w na m~s will be ad ded to the roll.Tb ~ B Ilrd of r raje. sin ce the in aug 'H,uion of the Commis­

sion 01 G overnment, is tbe oaly incorporated body which mayeffectively repr esent tu e t rade and industry of the coun try. Thew,Jrk and scope of the Biard hu increase d and when necessary

ml lll ers of soc ial i'llporunce have been dealt with.!\Ir . .\lac~ .a1J i, a I',st \ la tle r of L,1le Ta ..ke r A. F. &. A. !'ol.,

P.ast S . W. District G r.and Lodge, S . C. a p-ominene member ofSt . Alldre 0'5 Seciety, a Put President of the City Club. a member of Bally lhly Golf Clu b. the sr . Jobn ', Rotary Club andMUllay"s Peed ~'i~hinJl: Club .

THI. S ,.llI'fOUNbL4S0 Q U4ltTEltLY ex tends hearty eeegratu.Ialions to !'olr. !'olilCSah upon his elect ion to the Pre"idency ofthe Xe wfoundland Roard of Trade, and sincer..ly belic\' cs thathis ter m of office will btoone of oUlStanding succe ss io tbe histo ryof tbis im,artl nt body .

THE NEWFO UNDLAND QUARTERLY.-30.

The Mayor's Address on the King's Jubilee.Outlines Plaus of Deeoratieas Committee in CoDDKtiOD with CelebratioDs of Mar 6th.

liE secon d address ever Stations YO :\ 1" and\ 'OG Y in connection with the King 's SilverJu bilee was giyen T uesda y. April and, by II i.H o nor ~h)"or Car nell. who spo ke as follo.s:-

M_)'or C.r nell'. 4 ddreu.

l'Jt. I IlS llS Of Til E R ADIO AUllu:Sct: :

I have been a-k ed to sar a few ....ords to )·ou this e, 'ening asCha irma n of the King '. Silver Jubilee Decorations Co mmi ttee,to tell you so methin: 01 our plan s for the celeb ration May 6t h.

1 s hould like first of all to ca ll to mind the g reat celeb rat ionheld ill St. John 's on the occas ion of the visit made by Th ei r

A:'inlH:\\" f:. CAR:'iEl.I.

:<Olayofof Sl. Jobn'•.

~hje!>t i es . as Duke and Duchen of Co rn wall and YOlk . .. henon WNinesdar. 23 rd of October, 19 01 . T heir Royal H ie:hnesse-sa rrived i ... II . M,S. Opb rr, an d landed the followin,lt day at A.H arvey & Co's. premise s. Th eir kc'lyal Iii,e;hnesses on land in!:were rece ived by our coun t ry's re presentativ es. ....ho extend ed ahearty and loyal welcome on behalf of the peop le of Ne wfound­lan d. T heir Royal H ighnesses then ent ered a spec ially pre­pared landau ( of whic h I am the proud possessor to-d ay) andwere dr awn by a pair of beaut iful horses to Gover nment House,hy way of Coc hrane St reet . At ( iovernlllent House add ressesand gift s were presen ted , and T heir Royal H ighne sses thendrov e to the site of the new Cour t House where they laid the

(';Orne r stone. A rece pt ion .'as then held at the Prince of WalRiok , where tllou u ods of sch oo l children were 2»embled alldSJ.n~ a Greetinj?;. words of which were .. ritten by the laltA. J . W . ~lcXeily and music by Professor Charles H uUOD,

K S.G.k lla.illothl' ,;n«:. .. ho,hislriumpheompleling,

Come to the.ho,,..of ollr !slandlo·day:Jo yful ..'e K nd him o llr loyaliot gru tin g '

~·e .. 'ently. pro ud ly 011' ho ma.ge ....e pay'"

T he swee t melod ious ec hoes of that choru s of young voicelwere hear d fo r mi les around . an d are fresh in our memoriesto-night . We rememb er th e Aa!:s, the che eri ng , the bu utifularches thr ough which Th eir Royal H ighn esses passed in theirprogress throu gh our su eets. May the sentiments of loyah y anddevot ion to which the .'lOng of the childre n gave upreSSiQllforever remain part of ou r lives.

f' rom Ih e Ch ildre n 01 New fo und l. nd.

During the rece pt ion at the Prince of Wales Kink, TheirRoyal H ighneSSl"S were present ed with a Newfoundland Docand can, from the ch ildren of .s cwfound lllld to the child ren lJlT hri r k Olal High nes -es. T he child sel ected to make the pr~

sentation was JImmy l..edingh .lm, "ho, g ro.. n to m.lnhood, l:a' eh is life fo r King and Empire .

' la ny of you will remembe r tbe heavy downpou r of rain oa

t ha t eventfu l October day in 19 0 1 , which bea ,'y as it ","ascould

n )t que...ch the tires of e nt bueias m and loyalt y. Let us all bope

that the elements will be favourable on May 6th, when tile

whole Empire will celebrate H i~ ~laj t:sty' s Silv er jubilee, thecom pletion of the twenty tilth l ea r of his reign 15 Kine andEmpe ror.

And what an eve ntful twenty five }'ean I Perh aps the mosteventful in the hilt ory of the B, itish Empire. The rapid ad­va nceme nt of Sci ence, develo pment 01 rran sporrariun , communi·ca t ion by sea and air , rcdio , aviat ion , and the extension of ourGlorious Emp ire, with full enj lymen t of libert y while !ivine

under the Brit ish Flag.

4mb• • ••dor . 01 f m plre.

His Majesty 's lour son s have acted 15 Ambassadors to theremotest corners of the Empi re, and have cemented the bondsof good fellowship and undeu tandin g be tween Great Britaill,lIer Dominio ns and Colon ies. His Royal Highneu the Princeof WaIn has endeared himself not on ly to all tbe British peopletbut to tbe people of oeher cou ntries which be bas visited. andi~ looked upon as the ou tstandi ng Am ba!>Sador of British Tradl:

and Commerce.I appeal to you ODeand 111to make May 6t b a red leiter dar

in the history of :\ e .-found land. Dol your bit insofar as )'Our

nlel ns will allow. Display A.lCs, bu nt ing. Ra ise l our blind.s

and tur n on your lights. En te r wbole-heanedly into the ~pt llt

01 the Celebration, and if )'OUcan , lend a hel ping band to Inyof the co mminus or su b-committ ees in charge of the cele­bra tions.

1 ca nno t let tb is oppo rtuni ty pan without tel ling yOU SOllie­thi ng of the men in chatle of ou r s ub-cemmin ees, and holfenthusia stica lly tbey have entered on the work. The chairllll D

of the Decer aung and Il luminat inc su b-committee is Mr. H.. J.Russell. Mr . Darr och MacGillivray is in cha ra:; e of tbe Fire

Til E NE W FOlJND L AND QUARTER LY.- 31.

works. ( lie has a surprise for you t) Mr. Jam es Alderdi ce,son of the Hon. Comm issioner for 1I0lae Afhi rs, is tak ing ca reof the bonfi res, and with him will be the Boy Scout s Or c ani.zi tion. T he deco rat ion and illumin atio n of the har bour will bein char ge of Captai n Benson , Radio an d Publicit y is in theo .pable Iro .tods of Mr. G. R. Williams., aed the General andgenial Secr etary of the full ccmminee is ~Ir . William WU H Il.'These ccntl ernffi are ably assist ed by the members of their sub­((Ifllmillees, who are wbole-hearte dl)' co-oper lti ng to make thet vent a success.

We have held our meerleg s ill th e City 11111onc e every fort­nighl. and I must say il bas been a pleas ure (or me to presideover such I dist iocuished, loyal and enthusiastic group ofcitizt M.

I don't wish 10 take up too much of your tim e, and will con ­clude my remar ks by askinJ!:you all to jo in in the cele bration,and to hope tha t the day will be fine so tha t we may give fullu prts sion to our feelinj!,'S of loyalt y and devotion to H is MostGracious ~hjesty, our Kin g. God IIless lI im I

Chorus of Welcome.(Th e fo llo.. ing ~Cho, u s of We \com'l" illen by the late .\. J . W .

M< ~e; ly, K .C. It.as nng by S.ooo cbild in Ihe Princ e of Wal"k ink on The a,rinl in St John'.. Oc tobe. 2~tb, 1901, 01 Th eir Ro yallI ip n_ .... Ihe "uk., and OUCbe~5 of Com.all and YOlk, no .. Their

thi" I;" Kin, Geo'V' V. and Q ueen ) Iar yl

1I~ ILtolbe P,ince .. ho ,hiAtri..mpb comp1eling,Co m" 10 the sOO' e 01.ou. h land to-da y,

Joyf..I • • s.endbimourk>yali stg,eeting :t' er\ 'ently, p ,o udly olll ho ma l'l.,., pay.

l.ord,HndhiUllengthofdayo..Lord,aend him 5Itength of grac e,

He Ihou hia Gua,dian, hill Ilelp, and bi . Guide !s.-....n of Maje01y,S i,e ofou , King. to be,

I.o ud we acc laim him The I'rinceofou . l'rtd e.

Hog. h"'tht,~,siog, fo . t he hop e o f the Natio n,Welcom e wilh plaod i l. t he Il ei ' of o o ' Ki ng ,

},lai . e a ll yoo,vokn in lo odjuhilation,A. the glad chorus of "',,lco n'e " 'l t ing

"'.. , ma y hi. line deoc end.!' ever to find it. end

Tilllhe l'U.t Angel cries ~ Time il no more 1w

So lel Oil' ,\nlhem ri"",• •God Ian Ibe Prince .. _ prite,

l .et tha lOng echofrom C<lntr ., lo . ho...

MILTON.B)' .Jo h n Mill o o Sm it he r .

S UloILUll:ST poet, be wbo con q ..ered fateWilh unde rt ta ndi ng, lt iU bis bead unbo. ed ,lI e knn - the golde n lininl of bia c k>od.

A nd lhat, ~ They ".,rYe . ho only Iland pd .~t."

TbOllghaighdess.hebehdd theop<!nlaleWhe,emena.regh-en\'uiona"d end..,.·edWith light .. hkh lol ' e~ th e lentes l h "l 'lnsh ro" d

The 1001, .. hieb free d maytoa,and~on lemplal'l

T he bea otiu of l opern al , e, ily,T haI beau no ma rk of ,-a;n ,corrosi.e time,

l:I"l holdsinlacl l het hond e , tJoh . ofl roth,Vooch ... fed by the Ele rnal ll eil )"

W ho. e kingd om il unchaginc and Sllhlime,And)'ie ld. th e "intageof eternal yonth.

Chorus Sung by the Childrenof N ewfoundland at the Celebration

of the King's Jubilee,May 6th , J935.

HAIL T O OUR KI NG!Music by Professo, Charle5 JllltlOll, K.S.G.

n AIL 10 0 0' Kin ge .. bo io Iliompb completing,­T wenty-file y","n of hiaglorio".,e;gn;­

Jo)iol.e oend bim our k>ralill g' Hling:-Man., mo'e )'U'" he m.y .'ith III ' emain,1

Fa' mayhil linedetcend, -Ne ,e r 10 find it . end, -

T ill th e g ,eat angel c,iel,- ~ T ;me il no more 1"

'so let oll, Anth em .iu,- lGod u,,,Ihe King .. e p lize, - Reput #

Le t the 80ng ech o fro mcenl ,e 10 shore-

's;ng,children,ling,- lorlhehol'eofthenalion,­

king otll Ihe pla " dil ' of O'H beloved King, ­Ra iae all rOIl,vok", in gladj"bilalion;-

Whil e Ihe great cbo,,,. of nillmpb we sing,­

l .o. docnd himlenglbol day". -Lord lend him s t. engtb olgrace,­

Nell"foundlandcbildren moat fervently . ing.-

l.on~d;1:;~!~~~;oo lue Ihe Kmg. ~ R"P"at '

· Wbe n brU l h m..M be tak en .

.$ JUNE RAIN. .$B)' Gr egor)' Power.

T IIVRE "'agk>'y.-henilraino..Alld moiSl ai ,sh,He alang ol.'ine,

T hal l t in tbet i'ed blood in yoo , "ei ns:I ', 'e known it in Ihe blollOm lime,

And . a,,· on ,,' -e ' y reaf "nd u~

A . pa. kle " f di, i" ity.

I heil,d the I ho..'en. one by one,

Take up lheoinglOnl<'''e'hnd­A.il"e ,ca<.lence neu ,oo..e,

And as Ihri. banediclion spread.llwsed II><l' Mec'd of t~ri, min h_T he fle l b _ds ""n lmg in tbe eillt la,

illI ..rand .. atcbed ic fall peU.. d l

l ·pontbebaullpny,a"dpo...1l0" ll e.-et-y l hinl y cbia k to . ..eOl

The btook llilal puMA b y _ y dOOf ;

1 .... lh <;Io.·en bylhebrinkPllt up their dainly Iipllodrink.

I C.......I Ihe- lhingo a p,ecio.. boo ...Thatb'ea.lbe a clune' jo y of mind :

The IlCWIof Tllin·nnoed woodl ill J..ne:A ....,.-borndo.. e'(halll'llighlnnd :

The tnistcllldhilla, and in bet.-ee nW he' erneadoll"l l ho._I . plal hof g<een

W ha l iflhed,uming be ill "a,nl

Th e "aOO.,r1 l "",,, li.fied Jr "e ..,.,n Ihe nl.ufll afle' rain

O n nlY hloo m-bal hed ....Uey,.;de .A nd I hope God Ihe .Lin.-illsend,

T b.at h..... ere aU my100&in ll end.

THE N E W FOUNDLAND Q UA RTER L Y -3'.

Footsteps in the Snow.6 )' 6 er 1111e Tobin, K i ng' s Cov e.

[In the latt er pari of December the above writer sent several poems whichsb" had ",riue" about members of the Royal Famil, 10 Que en Mary.and o~ January 191h last, she receiv ed lIer ~fajuty's tha,nks 'hlOllghhe. Private Secretary for sam e]

0:-: and on, go Ih" ... me impre,s;onsMade by t .....o feel that earlier p6..sed

Over the road in straightproeeslion.

Walking, I know llot , slowly or fasl.

Though mUle, the y seem yet 10 be talking,Making the morn seem duly awake ,

For all aroundi. silence stalking,

And not achiTmp so unds from the brak e.

Al lo,lhey nll.ke my progress easyA s I put a foot in eac h while mould

And feel more nerved for the ether breezySince somebody else has endured th e cold.

Pure clear prints-made 5wiftly or 510...1)'_A. I now foll ow "'he ,e they lead on,

I ~enu "'h y li"e~ li"ed hra\'e and holyH ea rten and solace e'en when they', e gone !

ECONOMY,DEPENDABILITYand PERFECTION

Is what you find in

PURITY BISCUITS.May we suggestyou try a pound of

$ CELOTEX .$

Cane Fibre Insulation LumberIs one of the O utstanding Contributionsthat Science has made to Industry duringthe past Twenty-Five Years .

S ince its invention CELOT E X hasrevolutionized the Building T rade , andHouses are not now conside red First Classunless they have Cane Fibre Insulationinst alled in some form or other.

Progress and Celctex go hand in hand.

Horwood Lumber Co., Ltd.,Distributors._

INSURE WITH CONFIDENCEORGAN IZED 1854

THE

(S tat eme nt based on actual mar ke t valu esas of Decem ber 3 1st, 193-1-. )

ASSETS January tst, 1935C ash on H a nd . in Ban k and with Age nts . .. . . " 5,388, 565 20Stoc ks and Bonds " 3°, 9°0 ,°38.00Real Estat e, unencu mbere d . 565.121.0'"Loan s on Real Es tate 691 .986.5(;Rei nsur ance due on Paid Lo s-es, I ntere st ,

Re nts and Orhe r Cl aims."

Total Casb A.. ete . . . . . . $37,779,222.10

LIABILITIES

" Dad's Cookie"R ese rves-c.

U nadjusted Lo ssesUne arne d Premiums .Ta xes, Oth er Liab ilit ies

" 1,024.320 257,') 14,189 8",' .59° ,592.83

Total .Ca sh Capital

Net Surplu. ·.at your grocers

Only 22c. per lb.Baked and Guaranteed by

The Purity factories, Ltd.,Newfoundland' , foremost Manufacturers of

Biscuits and Candies.

10,529. 102.926,00 0 0 00 .0 '

21,250, 119.11

$37 , 779, 22~

Surplus to Policy Holden . . . $27,250,~

Total Lc..~. Paid Since OrganizatioD " $1 73.976,323 .0~

THE " PHOENIX" IN CANA D A

Ser ving C an adia n and N ewfou ndlan d Policyholders since 1890

J. B. MITCHELL & SON, LTD.,CHIEF A GENTS.

Wnen writi ng HI Adv ertise rs kml1ly meon ca "'1 he Newtoan dland Qu arterly. "

T HE NEWFOUNDLAND QUA RT E RL Y.-n

Sons Benefit Society.

•'bshligll t I'hoto ta k en by 110110"-. , S tud io of a joi nt mffling of Lod ge. " Plldle)" and ,. Empi~;' ...hio;h ..-:as lIelJ in \'K:lo na I b .ll

in I~.,mbe r. 193' to celeb .ate th., l li." mon d J..bil~., of tb., Societ y. I<ead ing fm m left .0 tiglll (~.,ated in I. on t l are tb., fo llo.. 'ng

Put U,st ric, Oepll tieo, :u ..-en as th ., p, ,,oen t l )iotoo D ep uty :-e. R. .....dJ"~ I " ', Ha n . S . ....nd,,, ..·... 111" Ia'e E. Simmons ,

T . F. Tb o:np ' o'l , G. H. Lloyd, W . I< l.h n , u.n, S G . C"lli"r, A. G . W , li.l :.. s, C. W, Cd l.._ K. Ih lly. W. J. Pill e.

HI: Sons of E'Ig land Henerit Society. like all oth ..rkindred organi u tions, was instituted with a vie ..to asslst their lello", man , and to bring Eag tisbm ..nin closer touch with each other throughout thelj.nninion of C~nada and elsewhe re. Conse-

quenllyon Dece mbe r r zth , ,874, (.ixty yurs ago ) a few EnE­lishmen ru id in ~ in the city of To ronto, Cilnada, met togetherto disc uss the forma t ion of suc h a Society, with t he result tha t

the Sen e 01 Englan d Ben..fit Socie ty w a~ from that nig bt. anaccomplished fact. T be objects of rhe Society are as follows :

To main tain and ~trengthC'n Blitish conn ec tion by Ios-edng andprcmulgating the proud trad ition' of 'he ~Iotherland ;

To enco urage and support any and aU endeaeors to bind closertoget he r the co mponent paris of the British Commonweahh

01 :-lat ions;

T o incu lca te love of" King and Country," loya ll} to the " UnionJack," and respect of tbe Law and Cco smu red Authoril ' ;

To brin g logether Englishm<:n and the ir male descendants formut ua l be ne fit ud sup port ;

ADd wbat better obje cts cou ld any Soc iety have ~

Dud "J::the silty )'l'aT. of its l'xi"tence it hu paid out hun­d red s of thousands of dollars in finan ci.>1 ben efits to us members.Th e Soci et y bas gro ...·n 10 such an exte nt , th at in ever}' cu y ofimportance in Col.nada, from the Atlan tic 10 the Paci fic, ODe willfind S. O. E. Lod ges. Bran ches also ex.i,t in the pr incipol.lcitiesof So uth Africa . T here are three Lo dges in ~ewfoundland,

two in SI. Jonh 's -" DUdley," So. ~l7 , and" Empi re," No. ~ 7 0 '

and one in H ar bor G race - " D iam ond Jubilee," No . 236.

The Soci ety was first im roduc ..d in New fou ndlan d by Mr.John Coffin , no'" of Vancouver , B. C., and the fi-st ! n dge­l jcdley, No. 227-....as insrilut-d in St . John 's on J uly 16th ,

IKl)6, by Past Sup reme Pre side nt Mr. George C latbw onh)·, whoc...me h om Torento for the pur pose . II , firs t Distri ct Dl'put1....as Mr . G. B Lloyd . and a ll down the yea rs sinc e the Soc ielywas introduced in ~e~·foundland the re has been onl y onebreak in tbe chain of District Depu ties (t ha i of the la te ~{r . E.Simm on s of Ihrbx Gr ace), ;l,rd th rough the elf ,r;s of ~r.

Coffin and a num ber of gemre men t h;ot " a~ associ ared ...il h himat tha I time, the Soci ety was I\:i, ·en a Eood star t ; and si nce lh atdat e thc S. O. E. bas been a hou sehold word lor eood in lb i,

co mmu nit y, and loog may it cont inue to fiuu l ish.-Com.

-ru e ;\ .\ RIWWS-ST. J OII;\':O; .

T HE NEWFOUN D LAN D Q UA RT E RLY.- 34.

Sixty Years in the Printing Business.John ] . Evans of " T he Newfoun dland Qua rterly" Served on Many of Newfoundlan d's Papers.

By J. J. L., in the " Daily News" of Mart h stb, 1935.Jr"year - " b -ua r, last • • "', lad. thenS fourt een )ears old, beca me an ap prentice to theprin ting business in the " :-iorth S ta r" office, owned

... and mana ged by the late Robert Winton.

~ Dllrin~ the man y vicissi tudes of the i n t en'~n i r> g~ years and h av i n j.! s e r v (' d a t v;" ious ' i mes i n t he

printing offices pub lishing the "~[e, cuq': ''' HeTald, ''

" Colonist,"" Times," " Royal Gazelle ," "Tribu ne," "E,'enil,1':T elegr am," and " Daily News ," this yourg man remained withhis chosen profes sion during his ad van cing yea rs, and is to-day

JO liN J. ~XANS.

f";ntcr, I'uhl isb erand I' ,opr;elor.

the publisher and proprietor of T ue ~ ~:ln·oUN"I .,~ S J) Q U AR ­

T to: RLl' , foun ded hy him in rqor c- our este emed Iellow.cinzen ,

j ahn J. E~ans.

'Vith onl y three excep tions. all th e news papers above men­lion I'd have gone into discard, but the courage and optimismdisplayed by Mr. Evans in inaugurati njt Newfoundland's onlymaga zine remain ed ...itb him, and toddy the Q U AIHKRI.Y is ahousehold word all over the Island and in many places ab road,and Mr. Evans can view with much inward satis faction a set of3-t annual volumes, milestones in the litera ry histcr y of ourcountry. It is no mean achievement to maintain conti nuo uspublication of such a magazine for more than three dec ades,and it is a tribu te to the energy . enterprise and determinationof :\lr . Evan s that the Q UARTE RL\" hav continuall y appeared ingood times or in bad, despite all the changes in the social,economic, polit ical and commercial life of tbe country.

The QUA RT~;RLY, now an institution. is a verilable t reasurehouse of valu ab le information pertai ning to our countr y's

hlvtory, having published art icles from the might iest pensand the keenest minds of Newf oundland, both past and present,and the hope is expressed that Mr. Evans, soon to attain hisseventy -founh birthday, m ay be spared for ma"y years to guidethe dec rinies and stillfurther enhan ce th e value of 'I' ue ~EW'

~·OUSDI.A SIl Q L' .' '' TICRU·.

~(9 8)~

A NewfoundJand Famity

(lly courte.y of The Da ily \ li rror )

A well brought up family of eil::hte~n living child ren (7 boysand II girl s) all by the same mothe r and lather. who are bothvery much aliv e and young looking. Xo ne of the above weretwins, but in addit ion ther e well' four children who died ininlancj-,including one twin.

T his photo was taken four -years ~go when the ~gt's ungedfrom 7 to 28 years, at which time the rnuthel 's 2ge "as 5 ' andt'ie lather's .58. The father is first a-d the mother four th inth e top row. Th ey are Mr. and Mrs. George F. Conway , ofSt. John 'S, Newfoundland . Mr. Conw ay is a Plasterer by trad e.and a very efficient one .

T H E NE W FOU NDLAN D QUA RT ERLY.- 35.

Maritime Dental Parlors,176 Water Street, .:to .;. St. John's , Nfld,

Enjoy th rilling world-wide reception with a P riced FromPHILCO. E xceptio nal performance. tone andea...)' tuning- plus latest featu res. Beaut iful $54.00Cabinets of Butt Wal nut. Amazing Value.See and hear them-in yom own home. Up.

T our The World with a .JJ.JJ New All Wave Phi1co

Wr ite for Prices.

I.e .d in!!: \ l.nufactun..rsand JOhM U of !>Ie n's.

' Vome-n'!I anJ L hildr e n'!>

FOOTWEAR.

Also, Sole Al::enu for

.. Excel " Long Rubhers.

The North West Fire InsuranceCompany, of Winnipeg, Man.

Fire Insurance!

ESTABLISHFDI880, PARKER & MONROE, Ltd.,Still Goin g St rong. Tbe SboeMen.

ATTRACTIVE EASY TERMS!

Th W Id' B t The ROYAL STORES, Ltde or s es SOLE AGENTS

~ . ~

Parker & Monroe, Ltd.".--- ------, The Pioneer

SHOE HOUSE,

The Employers' Liability AssuranceCorporation, Ltd., of London, Eng.

"unt, [merson, Stirling & IIiggins, M. S. Power, D. D. S,Agents for Newfoundland. (Graduate Dentist )

Co lumb.. . "_n. St . J obn'.. Te leph on e 62. ,JtI P . O. 80~ e 513!}.

when wfiting to Ad\'e ll ise r5 kindly mention .. Th e Xewfoundlan d Qu art erly."

T HE NEWFOUNDLAND QUARTERLY. - 36.

Bedford Q vEITHiN,BETTER COAL,

BETTER SERVICE.

A. E. HickmanCo.,Ltd.

the Company having the largestnumber of Policy Holders inNewfoundland.

Every satisfaction given insettling losses.

Og;ice: 137 W ater Street. facitl9 Prt$cott Strm.

P . O. Box E 5078. T elephone 658.

GEO. H. HALLEY, Ltd., Agents.T. J. POWER, Manager.

Photographs.'?i~

You cannot rely on your memory topreserve the impressions of yesterday.

PHOTOGRAPHS alone endurethe everchangingcharacteristics of to-day.

For Expert Developing and Printing send yourFilms to us. We gi ve clear bri lliant

prints beautifully enamelled.

Enlargements made from any Photograph, or film negative.

Wedding groups photographed Day or Night.

Appointments can be made for any t ime.

Pb_ SZI.

S. H. PARSONS & SONS,PHOTOGRAPHERS.

Conu W.l u ..d Preoc:gll SIT"h. P. O. Bn 5288.

Virgin Land For Sale. .$.

Power's Road, B1ackmarsh RoadAlong the Old Railway Track,

Ad joining property occupied by Rueben Horwood.

One lot on Power's Road about 2 ~ acres.along the old railway t rack about 7 acres.

About R acres on Soldier's Pat h,

A Continuation of Pennywell Road.T he land is suitable for bungalow Lots and farmingland. We have to offer about 20 acres and \....illsubdivide it in lots to suit purchasers. For Pr ice,T erms and full particulars apply to-

Fred J. Roil & Co.,Real Estate and Insurance Agents,

325 Duckworth Street.Or, 38 Prescott Street. Phone 1387.

lawrence Brothers, Limited.CARRIAGE and SLEIGH BUILDERS.

Automobilea Painted and Hood. Recovered,

Embalming and Funeral Directingatten ded to .

F ire Insurance Effect it wi:h old , reliable and• prompt -paying company .

Cb~ Yorksbir~tnsurance ' omDanp. tId.

1.0Mes by G u . U gh tning and For est H ies nOI ncepted. A.k f., rat eI.>e fo, e insuring eb ewhe,e . All info rmation glad ly given .

McG RATU '" ~URlONG, Barriote ... Solici tor. & Notary Public , Agent.Office: J6 3 Du ck", ol th SITeet. Phone 6 1.

Te lep ho ne_ I fac lor)'. 705 ;

149 Gower Street.

Nig ht and "orne_, 15 11 W.

St. John's, Nfld.

When writing to Advertisers kmdly mention " f he Newfoundland Quarterly."

TH E NEW FOUN D LAN D QU A RT ERLY.-37.

THE SEAL FISHERY FOR 1935.

." MUGF"t-: "_ \I F: S~ k '" IlfIWkl:\G BROTHERS,Ti c Fi .. t A, riu l hum the Sea l ti.h ry .

Sealing Results to Date.As we finish the pa~es ot tbis Qu.tR­

TlIlLY, .\pril IHb . the result of thesealing voyaet is as follows: -

5.5. I mogene. discbarged,. 3J ,S.H5.S. Ca ribou, in port . . . 33 ,0005.S. Bec tbic 16,0005.S. Ranger.

5.S. Un~ua, disc harged . . 8.9935.5 . Eagle . 8,5°05.S. Th et is, discharged . 5,271S S. Ter ra :-;:11\' 11 ., 4,00 05.5. Ne ptu ne, disch :ug ed . 2,48 1

Municipal Bye-Election.In the recent Municipal Council Bye­

Flection held Monday. April 8tb, 1935.the results .. e re as follo.,: -

J. R. Williams. J. P. :\tab er. J. P. Burke.

1266 334 158

.)I

His Excellency Returns.H is EJl:crllency the Gove rnor who re­

tu rned April rr rb, from a private visit toth e Old Count ry, was acco rded a velycord ial welcome home.

S S. •. CAkIBOL·"-CII .-\Hl t:kt:1J IlY

AND REMEMBER!

CROSHI),; & CO ., LTI)

DIRECT YOUR MAIL ORDERS

IF IT S

HARTLEY'SIT S Til E

PUREST JAM" Fresh from the Boiling Pans,"

T. D. CLI~T, Ltd.New f oundland Representati v es.

James Daird, LimitedNow featuring .11 tbe

N ew Thin g s for Spr i n g .Always a helpful Store , to-day its an oUhtandin: source of

Good Value in

Things fortheHome,Things fortheFamilyWith Show room Sryles lovelie r th an ever.

The New Hats, New Coats, Dresses and fineries.

Hosiery of all kinds ; Shoes for everybody.Eve r)'thin lt th at apper ta ins to S pring time requirement.

TRY BAIRD'S FIRSTThe molt Satisract ory Mail Order House.

TH E NEWFO UNDLAND Q UARTERLY.-38.

Templeton'sYor

WallpapersBY APPOISTlllENT

SILVULIQUID PLATE POLISH

Stlvo is always consider­

ate of si lver and silver

plate. Brings hack their,

beauty quickly but safely.

For St lvo is quick but

v e ry careful-trust your

treasures to it.

Swift and sofe. Noocid,nomercury

Templeton's have been handlingWallpapers for over 63 years,

and have specialized in themfor over 10 years.

W e now have one of the finest assortmentsever offered to the trade in Newfoundlan d.

If you are one of those who have importedW allp apers from cata logue house s, writefor our sample books .

You will get the same quali ty and as largea variety of des ign, but the price will on lybe about ha lf that you have formerly paid.

It pa ys to rememberH CKITT .. SONS l TO., HULL AND LONDON

"Jockey Club"The Champagne ofBeers

Perfectly Brewed, Aged.Filt ered and put up in

S terilized B ottles.

Mad e Ly

Bavarian Brewing CO.,L imit ed.

S t. J Ohn'S, N ewfoundland.

TEMPLETON'SFor Wallpapers.

RADIO FOR 1935.No Radio Fan or Set Buildercan afford to buy without seein g

CHARLES HUTTON & SONS'RADIO EXPERTS.

\Ve sell everything from a Radio Screw to acomplete " Talkie Installation."

We do all kinds of Radio repairs.\Ve will glad ly answer and solve Amateur Radio

problems.AND OUR PRICES

We will not knowingly be unde rsold.

When writing to Advertisers kindly mention " T he Newfoundland Q uarterly."

THE NE WFOlJN D L A N D QU A RT ERL Y.-39.

Stewart WarnerTh e Original R ound the World

RADIO

HALLEY & CO., LTD.,Adelaide & N ew Gower s«

DISTRIBUTORS.

IFyou are not particular aboutwhat you eat and drink, thenread no further.

BUT if you prefer the Best in Flavour­ings, the Best in Spices, and theFinest Fruit Syrups,

THEN always demand

IMP [R IAL." Kept up to a Standard of Quality, not

shaved down to a Price."

On e bright thingaft er another!

rrl d ~<J '.~ ';P"

"-~:) a lII?::~that's } ,~

Bra s S 0 j!o jARECKJ T T " S O NS , LTD. , n ULL AND L ONDO!'O

\Ve are nearing Fifty Years of

TAl LORI NG.lJ;.lJ;and, like" Johnny Walker," still going strong;

and that's how we make

Our Clo1:hes.JOHN MAUNDER. 335-337 Duckworth Street.

Charles F. Gamberg,PAINTER and DECORATOR.

----~j~-------Residence and Workshop : MuUock Street,

?hop.. 2103 I, St. Jobu'a, N n4.

When writing to Ad ver tisers ki Adl,. men t ion" T he :"cwfoundland Quarterl,.. "

THE N EWFO UNDLAND QUARTERLY.-40., .-_ '''' '---.''",."" _ " __..__--_._.. , _.._~

Ic"""CROSBIE"'& COMPANY, LiMiTED,""'"'': CHESLEY CROSBIE, Manager. "

BUYERS A ND EXPORTERS OF

Codfish, Oil, and all other Newfoundland II Products of the Sea.

! Agents for Fire and Marine Insurance. I' "" ,., ., .""" """" "" ,."""""" "" '""""", ." "" ".""" """ " J

Frost & Wood l'-IOW~

Farming Implements. Being Made in Newfoundland:

ST. JOHN·S.

T he T rade Mark

Assures you of welt made. weari ng produc ts.

United Nail &foundry Co., Ltd.

Water Buckets,

Ships' Gear,

Roofing Nails.'""

Galvanized

U. N. F. PRODUCTS,

You are invited to visit our Showroomand sec our display of

Farming Machinery.\Ve ca rry a full stock and repair parts.

4 G I: N T S-

Newfoundland Tractor & Equipment Co., Ltd.,Dealers in Caterpillar Tracters.

170 Water St reet, St. John's, Nfld.,Few doo rs East of Cou rt House.

WURLITZER

Lyric Radios1935 Line is very Complete

consisting of some 30 different models.

RADIOS ARE AVAILABLEFor the Following Sources of Power:

110 VO LTS AC-Ifoll . e l.ighting Voltage,110 VOLTS DC-~hip" Voltage,32 VOLTS DC_Helco Voltage.

Dry Baneriee, Automohil e l:latterie~.

ESTAB LISHED 1886,

Garrett Byrne, Ltd.,Head-quarters for Religious Goods.A RADIO FOR EVERY PURPOSE .

STEERS, LIMITED,G . R . HORWOOD. Specia l R e p r e s en t a tive . Tel ephone 538. P. o. Box 604.

When writing to Adv ertise rs kindly meenon .. The Newfoun dlan d Quarterly,"

THE N EW F O U N DLA N D QUARTERLY.- 4 ' .

r----~-~-~-~-----~-~-~------~-~---~-~-~-----~---~l

I HARVEY-BREHM, LTO.,I Butterine Manufacturers II SINCE 18 83, ~I REGISTERED BRANDS :

I " A V A L O N ," " S U N S H IN E ," " P E E R L E S S ,"

I "NEWLAND," " H O M E PRIDE," "CROWN." Il~ ~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_"_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~_~ ~_-l

Stcamship Agcnts and OperatorsOperating Regular Sailings to

Mediterranean,Oporto, Braziland West Indies.

Water Street, tast, St. John's, Nfld.

"Victory" Brand Clothing,FOR MEN AND BOYS.

Also, Ladies' Spring Coats : Leather, Serge, etc.,

American Style.

Overalls, \Vork Shirts, Pa nts, Breeks, Ragla ns.

Latest designs in Suits, Spring Overcoats, etc.

Large stocks ready for the trade .

Merchants, place your order now.

.. USE ..Wm. Dawe &Sons, LtdContractors and BUilders S COT I Jl.

Importers of Mouldings, B. C. Fir Ceiling and Panel­ing. Maple and Oak Flooring, Cedar Shingles,Ceiling and Clapboard, Everseal Roof Coating.

Manufadurers of Clapboard. Lumber of all sizes,Matched Board, Ceiling Mouldings, Turnings,Doors, Sashes, Barrels, Pails and Boxes.

Wood Goods made of Good Woods.

Main Office: St. John's, NewfoundlandHead Office: Bay Roberts.

T he 100 % Pure

Paraffin Base

Motor Oil.

The Great Eastern Oil & Import Co., Ltd.

When writing to Advertisers kindly mention" The Newtcundlaad Quarterly."

TilE i"E\\·FO U:'<IJI Axn QU ARTERLY.

~ T H E S M O K E OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE ~

~ ~~ aI ~r-~ .. aI W . D.& H. O. WI LLS· . aI GOLD .FLAKE aI _c- ~_.- ~~ ,. ~

~ ~ IINo Possible

ContaminationCan get through this hst defence

of Purity-The final step inthe safeguarding of

CityDairyrastcurizcdMilk'?I ~ :

Delivered at your doorbefore breakfast.

' PH O NE 1700-3 3 0 0

Newioundland Buffe r Company, Limited,... CITY DAIRY. ••