BOTANY The Study of Plants. Part 1: Classifying Plants.
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Transcript of BOTANY The Study of Plants. Part 1: Classifying Plants.
BOTANYThe Study of Plants
Part 1: Classifying Plants1) Plants are fi rst divided into two groups based on whether or not they
have vascular tissue (tube-like cells that carry water & nutrients)
A) Nonvascular plants
Do not have vascular tissue
Body of plant is very small
Examples = mosses
Classifying Plants
B.) Vascular
plants Have vascular
tissue
Can be taller
and live farther
away from
water
Further Classification
2.) Next – vascular plants are divided up
based on whether they have seeds
A)Seedless vascular plants Have adapted leaves to protect the
developing reproductive cells = sporangia
Still need standing water for reproduction
Examples = ferns
Further Classification
B.) Vascular plants with seeds
Seeds = an embryo and its food supply
inside a tough, protective coat Advantage is they are independent of
water for reproduction (like what the amniote egg did for animals)
Even further…
3.) Third division is based on whether the seed
in the vascular plants are enclosed & protected
by fruit or not enclosed & protected by fruit
A) Gymnosperms have naked seeds that are not enclosed
seeds are released by cones (like pinecones) Examples = conifers like cycads, ginkgos and
evergreens
Even Further…B.) Angiosperms
Produce seeds
enclosed in fruits
The fruit provides
protection for the
seeds and helps in
seed dispersal
Examples =
flowering plants
One last division…
4.) One last division of Angiosperms is
based on the number of cotyledons (leaf-
like structures that store or absorb food for
the developing embryo) contained in the
seeds
Monocots vs. Dicots
A) Monocots One seed leaf
Veins on leaves
run parallel
Examples =
grasses
B) Dicots Two seed leaves
Veins on leaves
are netlike
Examples =
trees,
wildflowers
Monocots vs. Dicots
Part 2: Reproduction in PlantsA) Flowers & flowering:
The process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants takes place in a flower. The flower is a complex structure made of several organs. There are many sizes, shapes and colors of flowers, yet all share a basic structure that is made up of four kinds of organs:
Sexual Reproduction
4 organs of a flower1) Petals – colorful structures at the top of a flower stem, used to
attract pollinators
2) Sepals – green leaf-like structures that encircle the stem just below
the petals, protective covering for the flower bud
3) Stamens – male reproductive organ of the flower, made up of the:
a) Anther – at the tip, produces pollen that eventually contains sperm
b) Filament – supports the anther
4) Pistils – female reproductive organ of the flower, made up of the:
a) Stigma – sticky pollen trap at the tip
b) Style – supports the stigmac) Ovary – structure at the bottom that contains ovules (eggs)
Making more flowers…
Pollination
b.) Pollination:
transfer of pollen
grains from the anther
to the stigma
they can be carried by
wind, water or animals
Fertilization
c.) Fertilization:
union of gametes
(egg & sperm)
become a seed
D. Seeds & Fruits:
1) How does fruit form?
A fruit is a structure that contains the
seeds
As seeds develop the surrounding ovary
grows larger and becomes the fruit
Seeds & Fruits
Some have fleshy fruits like apples and
melons
Seeds & Fruits Some have dry fruits like peanuts and
sunflower “seeds”
2.) What are some methods of seed dipersal? Animals through
spitting, digestion ,
gathering or sticking
to fur
Water by floating in
air pockets
Wind – small & light
How are new plants reproduced ASEXUALLY?
Vegetative reproduction:
New plants are produced
from existing plant organs or
parts of organs
New plants have the same genetic makeup as the original plant (remember from before about the advantages & disadvantages of asexual reproduction)
Group Plant Assignment Your group is to research a plant
(chosen from the deck of cards) and make an iMovie about it… Under 2 minutes Creative Informative & Accurate
Include the following information…
Required Information for Plant iMovie Is this plant vascular or non-vascular? What does that
mean? Is this plant Seedless or Have seeds? Fruit or No fruit? Gymnosperm or Angiosperm (or neither)? Monocot or Dicot (or neither)? Does it have flowers? If so, what are they like? How is its pollen typically transferred? (by what) What are its seeds like? Describe its fruit. What are its methods of seed dispersal Does this type of plant undergo vegetative reproduction?
Why or why not? Interesting uses of this plant or other interesting facts
about it (3)