Botanic gardens and genetic resource access...
Transcript of Botanic gardens and genetic resource access...
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Botanic Gardens Conservation International The world’s largest plant conservation network
Botanic gardens and genetic resource access challenges
Suzanne Sharrock
Director for Global Programmes
BGCI
Science Places Plants People
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Botanic gardens – a global network
• >3,000 botanic gardens and related institutions worldwide
• >115,000 plant species (1/3 of all known plants) in collections (live plants, seeds, DNA, in vitro…)
• Many millions of herbarium specimens
• Databases of additional information
• Focus on conservation, education and research
• Tradition of sharing resources for duplication, research etc.
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electronic
images
(available to
researchers
outside the
institution)
anatomical
specimens purified
DNA)
genetic
sequence
data
live seeds
wild
plant
cryopreserved
seeds (in seed
bank)
Other seed
banks
Reintroduce
d to wild
other
samples &
compounds
living
collections
taxonomic data,
trees of life,
species barcodes
sequence databases
e.g. GenBank,
BOLD propagation/breeding
duplicates
to other
herbaria
progeny in
own & other
collections
Herbariu
m
specimens
data for
conservation
assessments,
maps etc.
© Kate Davis
silica-dried
material
Life of a specimen
tissue
culture
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Collection management
• Collections are scientifically curated
• Bespoke documentation systems to track accessions
• Information on identity and origin (=essential
information for science), use restrictions etc. kept within the system
• Share material generally for conservation / research / education / display
• All relevant information transferred with material
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Implementing CBD and Nagoya
• Proactive approach – Principles on ABS developed in 2000 by diverse group of institutions and countries
• International Plant Exchange Network (IPEN) originally developed by European gardens as a mechanism to facilitate exchange for non-commercial use of living collections, while upholding ABS requirements (presently being updated)
• Training modules to build capacity and raise awareness
• Guidelines and recommendations available via BGCI / national networks
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Access challenges and managing requests
• Access from provider country – generally via research partners / collaborators
• Lack of clarity re. national procedures
not always in place / partners may not know them
may need other non-’access’ permissions (e.g., phytosanitary, export…)
lack of response to enquiries (e.g. PIC for transfer/change of use)
May not be accessing for ‘research’ but for conservation / cultivation/ education / display
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Managing requests
• Large number of requests for material held in collections – e.g Bonn Botanic Garden
• Index seminum is only sent to other BGs • Other requests are direct or via BGCI’s PlantSearch database
2016 2012-2016 annual mean
(2012-16)
(1) Orders from index seminum: 3,327 18,208 3,642
(2) other material transfers from BG Bonn
(outside index seminum): total 502 3,431 686
seeds 91 643 129
plants 323 2384 477
cuttings 39 238 48
leaf material 49 166 33
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Managing requests
• New PIC for change of use – likely to be considered responsibility of potential user not BG
• Potential for increase in requests for pre-CBD material
• Increasing use of non-commercial MTAs • IPEN numbers help to track back to original
provider and documents – but limitations re. restricted material, detailed tracking and demonstrating benefit-sharing.
• Leadership, awareness, capacity and appropriate data management systems are key.
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Thank you for your attention
Questions??