Bosnian ConflictBosnian Conflict

1991-19951991-1995

Events leading up to the ConflictEvents leading up to the Conflict

Long-termLong-term Yugoslavia was formed after WWIYugoslavia was formed after WWI

Brought together the Croats, Serbs, and Brought together the Croats, Serbs, and MuslimsMuslims

Led by Slobodan MilosevicLed by Slobodan Milosevic During WWII, Croats joined the Nazis in During WWII, Croats joined the Nazis in

exterminating Serbsexterminating Serbs Josip Broz Tito was elected to lead the Josip Broz Tito was elected to lead the

Yugoslav Federation after WWII and was Yugoslav Federation after WWII and was able to keep peace until his death in 1980able to keep peace until his death in 1980

Events leading up the ConflictEvents leading up the Conflict

Short-termShort-term Election of non-communist government officials Election of non-communist government officials

into officeinto office Yugoslavia began to crumbleYugoslavia began to crumble Ethnic divisions resurfaced Ethnic divisions resurfaced

Cftech.com

The Key PlayersThe Key Players

The SerbsThe Serbs Orthodox ChristiansOrthodox Christians Long connections with eastern EuropeLong connections with eastern Europe Want to create a “greater Serbia” by Want to create a “greater Serbia” by

establishing terriotorial claims with establishing terriotorial claims with Serbian and Croation areasSerbian and Croation areas

The Key PlayersThe Key Players

The MuslimsThe Muslims Serb descendents who converted to Serb descendents who converted to

Islam under Ottoman ruleIslam under Ottoman rule Want an ethnically mixed state for Want an ethnically mixed state for

BosniaBosnia The CroatsThe Croats

Roman Catholic faithRoman Catholic faith Historical links to western EuropeHistorical links to western Europe Hope to stake out own areas of BosniaHope to stake out own areas of Bosnia

The ConflictThe Conflict

The breaking of YugoslaviaThe breaking of Yugoslavia Croats demand a loose confederation or Croats demand a loose confederation or

to dissolve Yugoslavia completelyto dissolve Yugoslavia completely Serbia opposes because the want Yugoslavic Serbia opposes because the want Yugoslavic

unity unity Slovenia and Croatia declare Slovenia and Croatia declare

independence in June 1991independence in June 1991 The Yugoslav army, consisting mainly of The Yugoslav army, consisting mainly of

Serbs, declare war on Slovenia and CroatiaSerbs, declare war on Slovenia and Croatia Start of Bosnian-Serbian-Croatian warStart of Bosnian-Serbian-Croatian war

Sides are DrawnSides are Drawn

Montenegro sides Montenegro sides with Serbia, trying with Serbia, trying to keep the country to keep the country togethertogether

All other republics All other republics side with Slovenia side with Slovenia and Croatiaand Croatia Want independenceWant independence

Josip Broz Tito

Conservapedia.com

The GenocideThe Genocide

Both sides used genocide as a weapon Both sides used genocide as a weapon against their enemiesagainst their enemies

Most genocide followed the same Most genocide followed the same routineroutine Concentration- surround the area to be Concentration- surround the area to be

ethnically cleansed, try to get everyone ethnically cleansed, try to get everyone into the streetsinto the streets

Decapitation- execute political leaders Decapitation- execute political leaders and the people that could take their and the people that could take their placesplaces

The GenocideThe Genocide

Separation- divide women, children, and Separation- divide women, children, and old men from men within the “fighting old men from men within the “fighting age”, 16-60 years oldage”, 16-60 years old

Evacuation- Transport the old, young, Evacuation- Transport the old, young, and women out of the areaand women out of the area

Liquidation- Execute men of the Liquidation- Execute men of the “fighting age” and dispose of the bodies“fighting age” and dispose of the bodies

The GenocideThe Genocide

The most famous case The most famous case of genocide in the war of genocide in the war was in Srebrenicawas in Srebrenica Srebrenica is located in Srebrenica is located in

the Republika Srpskathe Republika Srpska Declared a UN safe Declared a UN safe

zone in 1992zone in 1992 In July 1995, Serb In July 1995, Serb

troops led by Ratko troops led by Ratko Mladic surrounded Mladic surrounded Srebrenica and began Srebrenica and began bombarding itbombarding it

CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION

Ratko Mladic advocacynet.org

SrebrenicaSrebrenica

The UN detachment in the town The UN detachment in the town could do little to helpcould do little to help They were poorly equipped and had no They were poorly equipped and had no

back-upback-up More than 25 peacekeepers had been More than 25 peacekeepers had been

taken captive by the Serbs and nobody taken captive by the Serbs and nobody wanted to do anything that might risk wanted to do anything that might risk their safety, though they were killedtheir safety, though they were killed

DECAPITATIONDECAPITATION

SrebrenicaSrebrenica

July 11: The Serbs’ bombing July 11: The Serbs’ bombing intensifiedintensified Thousands of Muslims ran to the UN Thousands of Muslims ran to the UN

compound in the citycompound in the city By nightfall, 6,000 were inside of the compound By nightfall, 6,000 were inside of the compound

and 20,000 more were left outsideand 20,000 more were left outside

July 12: Mladic began separating men July 12: Mladic began separating men from women and childrenfrom women and children SEPARATIONSEPARATION

SrebrenicaSrebrenica

July 12: Women July 12: Women and children were and children were forced onto trucks forced onto trucks and busesand buses EVACUATIONEVACUATION

The deportation of The deportation of Srebrenica took 4 Srebrenica took 4 daysdays

Yahoonews.com

Srebrenica deathsSrebrenica deaths

Up to 7,500 men and boys over 13 Up to 7,500 men and boys over 13 years old, were killedyears old, were killed 3,000, many in the act of escaping were 3,000, many in the act of escaping were

shot or decapitated in the fieldsshot or decapitated in the fields 1,500 were locked in a warehouse and 1,500 were locked in a warehouse and

sprayed with machine gun fire and sprayed with machine gun fire and grenadesgrenades

Others died by the thousands on farms, Others died by the thousands on farms, football fields, and school playgroundsfootball fields, and school playgrounds

Srebrenica deathsSrebrenica deaths

Thousands of Thousands of bodies were bodies were buried in buried in mass gravesmass graves US reconnaissance US reconnaissance

planes filmed the planes filmed the Serbs covering up Serbs covering up the graves using the graves using massive earth-massive earth-moving equipmentmoving equipment

globalsecurity.org

polishforums.com

Wikipedia.org

Wikipedia.orgWikipedia.org

Burial of 465 bosnians in 2007

The end of the WarThe end of the War

The leaders met in The leaders met in November 1995 in November 1995 in Dayton, OHDayton, OH

Bosnia-Bosnia-Herzegovina Herzegovina formally preserved formally preserved as an independent as an independent countrycountryStanding from left: Felipe

Gonzalez, Bill Clinton, Jacques Chirac, Helmut Kohl, John Major, Viktor Chernomyrdin. Sitting from left: Slobodan Milošević, Franjo Tuđman, Alija Izetbegovic wikipedia.org

The end of the WarThe end of the War

Areas were set Areas were set aside for Serbs, aside for Serbs, Muslims, and Muslims, and CroatsCroats

This treaty was This treaty was enforced by 60,000 enforced by 60,000 NATO NATO peacekeeperspeacekeepers

Wikipedia.org

KosovoKosovo

A problem in Kosovo went largely A problem in Kosovo went largely unnoticed during the signing of the unnoticed during the signing of the treatytreaty

Serbian and Yugoslavic soldiers Serbian and Yugoslavic soldiers remained in Kosovoremained in Kosovo

Albanian guerillas sided with the Albanian guerillas sided with the Kosovo Liberation Army and provided Kosovo Liberation Army and provided armed resistance against soldiers in armed resistance against soldiers in the countrythe country

KosovoKosovo

The Racak massacre in January 1999 The Racak massacre in January 1999 brought international attention to the brought international attention to the areaarea

NATO became involved and was able NATO became involved and was able to set up a stable but uneasy peaceto set up a stable but uneasy peace

On February 17, 2008 passed a On February 17, 2008 passed a declaration of independence and declaration of independence and officially became and independent officially became and independent nationnation

bosnian militarycasualties

bosnian civiliancasualties

croation militarycasualties

croation civiliancasualties

serbian militarycasualties

serbian civiliancasualties