Borivali ppt

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INTRODUCTION:

Blessed with a natural richness that makes her one of the leading touristdestinations in the world, the entirety of the country of India, is a wildlife lover's paradise. Varied in her topography as well as in her geography,India has much to offer the tourists to her land. The geographical as wellas topographical conditions of India offer a safe haven to a number of

flora and fauna, many of which are almost on the verge of becomingextinct today. It is for the preservation of these rare species of floraand fauna, as well as for providing safe habitation facilities to the morecommonly found flora and fauna, that a number of National parks havebeen established all around India. The National Parks in India also providea safe haven to various migratory birds, who, arrive in the land to wardoff severe climatic conditions of their native countries.

The first National Park in India was established in 1935, by Jim Corbettas the Hailey National Park, which aimed at the preservation of tigers andother animals and birds. Today, the efforts of the government havetranslated themselves into the formation of almost 80 National Parks inIndia, in addition to 441 sanctuaries and 23 tiger reserves in India.


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HISTORY

The Sanjay Gandhi National Park area has a long writtenhistory dating back to the 4th century BC. In ancient India,Sopoara and Kalyan were two ports in the vicinity that tradedwith ancient civilizations such as Greece and Mesopotamia.The 45 km (28 mi) land route between these two ports waspartially through this forest.

The Kanheri Caves in the centre of the park were an importantBuddhist learning centre and pilgrimage site sculpted byBuddhist monks between pradyut sakhseria 9th and the 1stcenturies BCE.They were chiseled out of a massive basalticrock outcropping.


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GEOGRAPHY The park is nestled in the hill ranges to the east of the

suburb of Borivali. It occupies most of the northernsuburbs. To the west lie the townships of Goregaon, Malad,Kandivali, Borivali and Dahisar. To the east lie thetownships of Bhandup and Mulund. To the south lies theAarey Milk Colony. The northern reaches of this forest liein Thane city. The park and these areas surrounding it areall part of the Mumbai metropolitan area.

The region is hilly with elevations between 30 m (98 ft) and

480 m (1,570 ft). The Park encompasses two lakes, ViharLake and Tulsi Lake, which meet part of the city's waterrequirements. The park is said to be the lungs of the cityas it purifies much of the air pollution of the city.


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Wildlife Flora and fauna

The park is home to a number of endangered species of flora andfauna. The forest area of the Park houses over 1000 plant species,251 species of migratory, land and water birds, 50,000 species ofinsects, 40 species of mammals. In addition, the Park also

provides shelter to 38 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibiansand also 150 species of butterflies and a large variety of fish.

Flora: Kadamba, teak, karanj, shisam, and species of acacia,ziziphus, euphorbia, flame of the forest, red silk cotton and a

number of other varieties of flowers. Karvi or Karvy, a floweringplant that flowers once in seven years, can be found in the Park.


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FAUNA The forest cover in the park helps provide the ideal habitat for many wild

animals. Chital (or spotted deer), Rhesus Macaque and Bonnet Macaqueare some of the wild mammals that can easily be spotted roaming insidethe park. Other large mammals found in the park are: Black Naped orIndian Hare, Muntjac (Barking Deer), Porcupine, Asian Palm Civet,Chevrotain (Mouse Deer), Hanuman or Gray Langur, Indian Flying-fox,

Sambar Deer and Leopard. One can also spot hyena or four-hornedantelope.

Reptiles living here include:crocodiles in the Tulsi Lake, pythons,cobras, monitor lizards, Russell's Vipers, Bamboo Pit Viper andCeylonese Cat Snakes.

Butterflies Total 172 species of butterflies has been reported here, ofwhich the spectacular ones are Blue Mormon, the phenomenal artist ofcamouflage the Blue Oak leaf, the bright jezebels and Large Yellow andWhite Orange tips, Tigers, Eggflies and Sailers.


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CHITAL DEER


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WILD TIGER In 2003, pug marks and

droppings of a Bengal tiger werefound in the park. Although thetiger was never widely seen, itdid bring some excitement to city

folks as records of tiger beingfound here are quite old andforgotten now with the last tiger

being shot down 80 years earlierin the region. Conservation wasalso proposed for the interlinking

habitat corridors and nearbywilderness areas in the state andupgrade their status as Tigerhabitat.


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MASS FLOWERING OF

KARVIThe Karvi shrub, as it is locally calledin the Marathi language, sometimesalso spelled as Karvy in English, only

blooms once in eight years in a massflowering covering the forest floor ina lavender blush. It grows inabundance in the Western ghats hillsnear Mumbai including throughout theSanjay Gandhi National Park as in

other parts of its natural range. InSanjay Gandhi National Park its latestbloomings took place in 2008, and it isscheduled to bloom here again in 2016.


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THREATS

The park has faced a number of problems similarto those faced by national parks elsewhere in theworld, involving conflicts between natural andhuman interests.

In the early 2000s a road, as proposed, wouldhave cut through the park. Animal Activist Tarun

Nayar went to court to halt this project.

The lack of space in Mumbai has pushedresidential colonies right up to the park boundary.This boundary is poorly fenced and has often

allowed wild animals into human habitations.Slums have mushroomed around the park as well.Corruption among local politicians and Mumbai'sinfluential builder lobby are commonly seen asresponsible for a perceived shrinking of the park.


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PO CHINGSanjay Gandhi national park has

played home to many poachers in

the recent years. Usually, leopardsare being attacked. In many cases

these animals had been poisoned,

and claws or other valuable body

parts were cut off and sold.Poaching could soon wipe out

Mumbai's leopard population.


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FIRE

During the summer and anytime before the monsoon,fires burn in the park, at leastone every two weeks. Thishas resulted in the loss of raretrees and loss of habitat forwild animals. The locals areoften suspected of burning the

trees on some of the outskirtsof the forest to build theirhomes there.


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ain temple

In the forest there is a famous Jain templecalled Trimurti. This temple is widely visitedby Digambar sect of Jain community. It hasthree huge idols of lord Adinathh and histwo sons, lord Bahubali and lord Bharat.Many Muni maharaj (Jain Saints) do stayhere to preach the followers before moving

ahead to other city or town.

The Kanheri Caves are a protectedarchaeological site at 191230N725423E. The caves were sculpted byBuddhist residents starting in the 1st centuryBCE. The area was actually a settlement andonce served as inns for travellers. The wordKanheri comes from the Sanskrit wordKrishnagiri which means Black Mountain.


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Lion SafariSleeping Lion at SGNP Lion Safari

Main attractions of the park are a LionSafari and a Tiger Safari for encouraging

Eco-tourism. The Lion safari is a 20 minuteride through a 12 ha (29.65 acres) fenced

forest area in one of the park's greenbuses.The Park is said to have a total ofabout 25 lions and lionesses. There are

hardly 2 lions which visitors can safely seeup close from inside the caged buses. Theremaining 23 have been relocated or placed

in fenced areas far away from the roadsused by the green buses.


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SUBMITTED BY :-YASH SONI

SYJC COMMERCEROLL No :- 270

Borivali ppt

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