BOOKLET Visita di Studio FRANCIA

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5th to 10th

November 2012

Study visit #5

Marseille

France

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Index

About the hosting organizations 3

About the EUGO program 6

Participants’ profiles 8

Local context: Marseille and its area 22

Local Context: Urban gardens in France 24

Program 34

Day by day details 36

Useful numbers 44

Welc me in Marseille for the 5th Study visit

of the EUGO program!!

We are really glad to have you here! We hope this booklet will help you to

understand fully the aims of the EUGO program, of the study visit, and will

provide you with all the information you need for your stay in France.

The EUGO French team

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the

views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be

made of the information contained therein.

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Created in 2002, Pistes-Solidaires is a non-profit association (in accordance

with the French Association Law 1901). Its objectives include the development of

exchanges in the social, cultural, educational and economic realms, which promote

personal, social and environmental respect.

Pistes Solidaires practises and promotes popular education, supports the

knowledge competences and behaviours which promote justice and equality in an

intercultural society and an interdependent world. It intends to increase public

awareness of global problems and to demonstrate the potential for change. Fur-

thermore, one of its challenges is to make it possible for people to understand the

connections between their lives and those of the entire world.

Pistes-Solidaires is working in the field of mobility in order to allow people,

at any age, to meet, learn and share their practices, passions, ideas and come back

changed. Pistes-Solidaires is a hosting, sending and coordinating organization of

European volunteers through the Youth in Action Program. Since 2008, the organi-

zation launched a large thinking/acting process about responsible consumption

with the Otesha project, a process, which allowed the organization to initiate strong

local and international partnerships and to go further on this subject today, through

urban community gardens. The organization has, since 2007, developed many pro-

jects in the frame of the LLP program, such as Learning Partnerships on immigration

and intercultural, and last year worked on intergenerational dialogue in community

gardens. The organization supervises also Leonardo trainees and coordinates the

sending and hosting of senior volunteers on the subject of youth, immigration and

responsible consumption since 2010.

Pistes Solidaires

67 La Canebière,

13001 Marseille

Tel: 09 52 86 00 44

mail: [email protected]

Web: www.pistes-solidaire.fr

Hosting organizations

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The Réseau des Jardins Solidaires Méditerranéens, hereafter “RJSM” , a

non-profit association (in accordance with the French Association Law 1901). It is a

network which gathers a variety of associative gardens and organizations related to

collective gardens in the South East of France. It was initiated after the national

conference on community gardens of Nantes, in 1999, to offer to the community

gardens of the Mediterranean area a possibility to combine and leverage their ex-

perience, their practices and knowledge.

The objectives of the RJSM, are:

• To lead the network of Mediterranean community gardens;

• To develop exchanges and the continuous training of its stakeholders;

• To promote the existence of community gardens;

• To help elaborate on the projects of new gardens;

• To support the existing gardens.

The RJSM organization defines its values in accordance with the “Charte du

jardin dans tous ses états” (Charter of the Garden in all its forms) which is a charter

adopted by the workgroup “Jardin dans Tous Ses Etats”, a national group of re-

gional organizations/networks of community gardens.

Each garden is unique but all the gardens of our network recognize them-

selves in it because they share the same values, based on the respect of human

beings, environment and solidarity. Almost 100 gardens are flourishing on the

Mediterranean coast of Southern France, 35 were actual active members of the

organization in 2011.

To this end, the RJSM organizes various activities:

- non formal training: “exchanges-meetings”, garden tours, training trips... The

participants exchange knowledge and experiences, discover new gardens together.

These activities, conducted in a friendly atmosphere and contribute to the develop-

ment of each of its gardens.

RJSM

Hosting organisation

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- formal training sessions :mainly 2 or 3 days sessions, accessible as part of the con-

tinuous professional training and also for volunteers, they aim to allow trainees to

complete their projects e.g. "Creating and managing a shared Garden," "Discovery

of Therapeutic Horticulture"

-support to projects: the network can assist stakeholders (e.g. inhabitant communi-

ties, social centers, city councils, and other organizations) in creating their garden

project.

Réseau des Jardins Solidaires Méditerranéens

4, cours de la République 13350 CHARLEVAL

T: (0033) (0) 9 63 24 55 57

mail : [email protected]

web : www.reseaujsm.org

The Charter

“Jardin dans Tous ses Etats » :

• Strengthening social links, where living conditions have contrib-

uted to people being driven apart, with no social life, mutual aid or

dialogue;

• Allowing citizens, without cultural, ethnic or social discrimination,

to take over and enrich their daily environment;

• Establishing generous links, as well as being respectful towards

our Earth and nature, and acting in a responsible way;

• Enjoying the pleasures of creating, tasting, sharing, as new forms

of freedom and autonomy;

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About the EUGO program

EU’GO “European Gardens Otesha” is an European project on urban commu-

nity gardens. These gardens, «European Urban Gardens Otesha » are seen as inno-

vative tools to work on different themes :

• the social cohesion thanks to a better intercultural and intergenera-

tional dialogue

• the social and professional (re)inclusion through training

• the education to sustainable development and the promotion of

healthy lifestyle

This two-years project (January 2012-December 2013) was developed by 6

organizations in five big European cities :

• Inwole, Potsdam, Germany -

• KC English, Plymouth, United Kingdom

• Cemea del Mezzogiorno, Rome, Italy

• Nexes, Barcelone, Spain -

• Pistes-Solidaires et le Réseau des Jardins Solidaires Méditerranéens,

Marseille, France

EU'GO has been founded with the support from LLP Programme, Grundtvig

Multilateral. It promotes the education for all, at all ages of life. The general idea of

EUGO is to create an educational innovation to: -

• facilitate the integration or reintegration into society,

• transfer skills,

• promote basic learning,

• create bonds between people

• exchange knowledge between the project partners and the benefi-

ciaries.

EUGO’s final output will be an internet website with a part dedicated to

learning about practices in the European urban gardens. The program is con-

structed in different steps:

1 to write a state of the art of the urban gardens in the 5 participating areas. This

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state of the art includes a global review of urban gardening in the country and the

area, related with historical and social background

2 as part of the state of the art to produce descriptive info sheets on the urban

gardens of the areas

3 to collect “Good practices”: all the garden that wanted have fill in “Practice

sheet” to describe some of their practices related to: management, organization,

activities etc.

4 to test the practices by transferring them between garden

As part of this transfer process we organised 5 study visits, one in each country, to

give the opportunity to participants of the project to meet and learn from each

other

Next to come: the participating garden will have to try and implement practices

from other country, and give a report on the experiment. We will need a minimum

of 2 practices tested in each country (not 2 in each garden!)

5 with all the material collected produce around 25 activity/ practice sheets with

the requirement and methodology to implement the practices (minimum require-

ment is 5 fully detailed sheets per country )

6 construct the website

We are currently (fall 2012) in the middle of the transfer phase.

We collected more than 46 practices from the different gardens, but it has not be

easy for the gardens to find out what were their “good practices" and we would

need your help, participant of the last of the study visits, to complete the existing

practices sheets, or to write some new ones with what you see in this visit that you

want to bring back to your garden.

The EUGO staff will hold at your disposal for you to read :

the state of the art (the French part is enclosed in this booklet)

The gardens’ information sheets

The list of all the practices collected so far

The detailed sheet for each practice (when it exists, they’re not all finished)

And we will have some blank practices sheets for you to complete during this SV.

After the SV with these sheets you will be able either to implement a new practice

in your garden, either to help someone implementing in his garden a practice of

yours that you described.

We hope this visit in France will be fruitful for all of us!

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Alix Bonneau

France

ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S):

Pistes Solidaires

ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION/GARDEN(S):

International Projects Coordinator

KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GAR-

DENING:

Very basic , but for me urban gardens represent the

future! A interesting opportunity to come back to

“nature” in the cities, to come back to biorhythm. A

concrete way to interconnect people in the cities,

whatever their backgrounds

WHAT DO YOU EXPECT FROM THIS VISIT?

I hope that all of you will enjoy their stay in Marseil-

le, I wish to learn more about european urban garde-

ning, and relationships with institutions and shared

gardens in Europe.

Participants’ profiles: EUGO staff

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Viviane Cronier

France


RJSM and Jardins de l’Espérance


In RJSM I’m the European projects manager, I’m also

part of the training team

In my garden I’m a staff member, I’m dealing mainly

with environmental education for children, adults,

and disabled persons, I’m also responsible for plan-

ning the work in the vegetable garden.

KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GARDENING:

Gardening, training, environment and sustainable

development , workshops with children and adults,

funding and management of urban gardens in France


To share the French experiences with the visitors, to

enrich my knowledge of the other European realities

To set up practical exchanges

Ilenia Zuccaro

Italy


Cemea del Mezzogiorno ONLUS


Staff member in EUGO project


I do gardening with plants on my balcony. Not very

high knowledge in gardening, but willing to discover

the urban garden topic


To discover the French reality and understand it. Be

able to compare the italian system in order to find

out solutions and bring innovation from France.

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Marlène Benzler

France


Pistes Solidaires


Assistant program manager


DENING:

Not much but lots of interests.


To meet other people and share our experiences.

Participants’ profiles: EUGO staff

Amandine Mathivel

France


Pistes Solidaires


volunteer


DENING:

Very basic


Meet gardeners and stakeholders involved in urban

and shared gardening. Improve my knowledge in

this topic.

Speak many languages

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Angelique Walter

Germany


Projecthaus Potsdam


Gardener, teacher, student, improviser...


DENING:

I know some things about gardening with the moon,

edible and healing plants and herbs for cosmetic and

body care, how to reactivate the soil with effective

microorganisms and I’m learning more each day...


Exchange with the other participants.

Isabel Ricardo

France/Portugal


Pistes Solidaires


volunteer


DENING:

The basic skills (for example: how to plant a tree)


Learn in orther to apply this knowledge, in the best

way, in this project.

I want to bring:

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Orti Urbani Garbatella


Gardener, Expert of Permaculture


Permaculture and synergic vegetable garden


Knowledge about urban permaculture

I want to see: 1/ Synergic garden: need to deepen

2/ Biodynamic garden: need to know

3/ Urban gardens : Applying urban garden in the so-


Horticultural Therapy Trust


Company Secretary


38 years experience in horticulture


To gain ideas and knowledge from others. Meet new

people

I want to see: 1/adapt for disabled guests a shared

garden.

2/self financing by garden care services for individual.

3/teaching in a garden school

I’m bringing: my experience.

Carmelo Leotta

Italy

Dennis Trewin

UK

Participants’ profile: European visitors

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Mount Edgecumbe Country Park


Volunteer Gardener


Requirements of Plant Health. Soil management. Bed

Making. Shrub Pruning/Trimming. Lawn Care. Sea-

sonal task planning. Vegetable types and their soil

requirements. Watering and irrigation systems


Opportunity to understand the ‘Urban Garden’ is-

sues and approaches of a different culture, climate

and country.

I want to see: 6. “Arts in The Garden” – to under-

stand the synergy of theatre and the garden

21. “Seed Bank” - to understand which seeds are

gathered and how they are stored.

41. “Permaculture Course” » - to improve my under-

standing of the principles of Permaculture and their

applicability to my gardening activities.

9. “Let’s open the gardens!” – to assess the methods

and success of this approach to social inclusion

I’m bringing: A good understanding of the varying

political dimensions that shape the nature of Urban

Gardening across community members. Extensive

experience of vegetable growing and general garden

maintenance.

Lawrence Watkins

UK

Participants’ profiles: European visitors

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Ton Steine Gärten


Gardener, with my kids


Gardening with many different people, different

social backgrounds, different countries, different

ages. Especially with children


I ‘m really looking forward to meet urban gardeners

anf garden project all over Europe. To exchange in-

formation and skills. Networking and learning from

each other. To talk about food politics, to talk about

the benefits of local food production.

I want to see: Cosmos Kolej and Jardin de Gibraltar. I

would like to visit these gardens, because I´m inter-

ested how ´s the work with people, who are living

with a few money . And I´m interested more to learn

about gardening with children of the streets. Be-

cause it´s very important for kids to see how some-

thing is growing. With plants they have the possibil-

ity to take responsibility for their plants and they can

learn how to take care of their plants and their lives.

Jutta Leite

Germany

15


Roma Capitale (Rome City Council)


Responsible of the Urban Garden Department


Ecologist. In my daily work I meet the urban gardens of

Rome that are not legalized and I'm making contact

with them. Knowledge about shared urban garden.


To gain new knowledge, in particular about manage-

ment and assignment of a public space for creating

urban garden and gain new ideas from the bureaucratic

procedure adopted by others European cities. Cultural

growth on the topic. Exchange of ideas and projects

with others realities.

I want to see: practices related to Biodiversity and

natural agriculture, relations between urban gardens

and Public Institutions

I’m bringing: My willingness to learn

Paola Marzi

Italy


Hort Mas Guinardó


Volunteer


Knowledge About Agriculture. I give classes of horticul-

ture for the people from the neighborhood.


To see experience of other countries, to acquire knowl-

edge about other ways to cultivate in other countries

and to discover new techniques that we don’t use in

Spain

I’m bringing: My knowledge

Antonio León García

Spain

16


LAVANGAQUADRA-Orto didattico


Gardener and school teacher


How to cultivate the soil. I have a little garden in the

backyard of my school that I cultivate in organic and

traditional way. Food education, Gardening and thea-

tre.


I would like to know new reality to enlarge my practical

and theoretical skills and tools for implementing my

good practices in the school and in my garden associa-

tion.

I want to see: educational gardens

I’m bringing: Exchange of experience about educational

workshops for youngsters, disabled and not disabled

children children, to go deeper in and understand per-

maculture principles, Exchange of ideas on how to man-

age an urban garden association

Paola Turroni

Italy


Horticultural Therapy Trust


Volunteer


I’ve been volunteering for two years, at a local park,

And at the horticulture healing therapy garden

I have an nvq 2 in horticulture


To find out practices of other volunteering projects

I want to see: the Pedagogical tools: I would like to find

out what this means

I’m bringing: Hopefully some new Ideas or an insite

into other practices

Sheila Taylor

UK

17


Orti Urbani Garbatella


Gardener, part of the team who started the project


Some knowledge of permaculture. Pacciamatura

(covering the soil with straw). Association of plants

(plants that are happy together). Use of plants as

repellant against unwanted bugs.


See different realities and learn from the experi-

ences of other people (both on the etchnical and

human side). Discover different ways of functioning

within a group of community garden. To learn about

the importance and role of the insects in a garden.

I want to see: the practices related to biodiversity

inside the urban garden and impact on the world

around it. I found it fascinating to learn on better

practices and to debate the different techniques, the

traditional ones and the most recent ones. The es-

sential role of the insects and inhabitants of the soil.

Equally important is the impact that this has in the

garden and the world around it

I’m bringing: My enthusiasm and curiosity in sharing

this experience. I hope to bring in the experiences of

my friends gardeners of Orti Garbatella in Roma

Sylviane Borghesi

Italy

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Organization : Fédération des Foyers Ruraux 13

Garden: Croq’Jardin


Garden manager

Member of the board of the RJSM

My function is to to lead and to manage a team

(gardeners and teacher). To stimulate the volun-

teers, to welcome the public (2000 children and

1000 adults). I develop the project and look for the

financing with the administrations and the sponsors.


I have created my garden, so I know a bit about

every aspects of setting a collective garden, and do-

ing the actual gardening, here in my region

This year, I’ve done a prison garden above-ground. It

can be also developed in cities or schools without

ground.

Jean André

Participants’ profiles: French gardeners


RJSM


Administrative assistant

I’m working with the RJSM since september

Marie-Line Dune

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RJSM


Coordinator

Working since one year as paid staff for RSJM, I’m

dealing with the administrative things, and making

link between the gardens and members of RJSM


Urban gardens was not my field before I started this

job, but I learn every days


To meet other people from different realities and

learn from their experiences

Alexandrine Fillion


Formavert


president of the board of RJSM

Manager of Formavert, a training society

trainer.


“Formavert” - training center :

specialized training in landscape and green spaces

work

training for health and social sector, on all topics

activity of horticultural therapy

Sébastien Gueret

20


Organization: Accueil et rencontres

Garden: Jardin des Aures : collective, family and

educational garden


Manager of Jardin des Aures

I’m working on environmental education workshops

for groups visiting the garden, and working for the

cohesion of the group of gardeners with plots on the

garden

I’m supporting the creation of new urban gardens

Member of the board of RJSM


I work in the field of urban gardens since 1999. I ac-

tively contributed to the creation of RJSM. I’m work-

ing to develop urban shared gardens since more

than 10 years. I have a master degree in environ-

mental sciences and landscaping for public spaces,

parks and gardens. I’m also working with the public

institutions that want to develop collective shared

gardens.


I wish that the European visitors will be happy with

what we can bring to them, I’m looking forward for

exchanges rich in learning for everybody, and that

these first contacts will go further.

Julien Nadreau

21


Organization: Cosmos Kolej

Gardens: Les Jardins de Foresta, le Mail


Garden coordinator

I’m working directly with the new gardeners to start

the gardening, and going on with the elderly on di-

versifying cultures, seeds, discovering others gar-

dens, meeting artists in “residence” in our theatre

company or in different places near Marseille


Personal experience of urban garden (I have a plot in

a family garden) and professional experience in con-

ducting projects, and scientific mediation

Dominique Reinosa


Organization: Accueil et rencontres

Garden: Jardin des Aures


staff


to introduce people to discover natural and garden

ecosystem's through adapted (for different ages)

ludic, scientific, artistic, practical, etc. activities

to organize events to make people meet in the gar-

den


To discover other urban gardening functioning : to

exchange about practices, tools, activities in garden

Aline Grosjean

[email protected]

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Organization: L’artichaut

Garden: jardin de Gibraltar


Volunteer, founder member


I founded this organisation and garden with the ex-

ample of the intercultural gardens in Germany. We

started with youth exchanges with Germany. We

work a lot with youngsters out of formal structures

Steffie Blasius


Organization: AMIEU

Gardens:

le Jardin des Néréïdes

Le jardin de Pont de Vivaux

le jardin des tuileries,

le jardin de l'école du Plan d'Aou,

le jardin des Escourtines,

le jardin de la Rouguière,

le jardin du centre social Kalliste - la Granière,

le jardin de la placette (cité de Michelis),


Garden Coordinator

Member of the board of RJSM


fieldwork skills through three years leading of five

collective and educational gardens


To make a meeting between inhabitants and foreign

peoples and share different points of view about the

garden

Alexis Jan

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Organization: à fleur de pierre

Gardens:

le Jardin des Cerises

Le jardin des phacélies

Le jardin des grelinettes


Chief gardener, organizer of the compost station

process KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ABOUT URBAN GAR-

DENING:

Organization of the space, preparation of the soil,

care of the plants (including vegetables), etc…


For me urban gardens are a chance for the city peo-

ple : to be in a natural environment, take action

about what they can grow then eat, realize what

needs to be done to meet their objectives, accept

nature’s constraints, discover and marvel at nature’s

ways and beauty, appreciate fully the results of their

work by eating them ! share their experience with

fellow gardeners , I want to share this

Françoise

Eymard-Duvernay


Organization: L’artichaut

Garden: jardin de Gibraltar


gardener


Gardening of my plot, participating in the garden

activities

Ali and Louisa

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Marseille and its area:

The EU’GO project takes place within the PACA region in France : Provence-

Alpes-Côte-d’Azur. It’s a Mediterranean region with a mild climate. The region is

divided into six « départements » (French territorial NUTS-3 division). The three

coastal ones are the « Bouches-du-Rhône », the « Var » and the « Alpes Mari-

times ». The two alpine ones are the « Hautes Alpes » and the « Alpes de Haute

Provence ». The « Vaucluse » is a continental département. PACA is very densely

populated with 4,882,913 inhabitants in total and 155 inhabitants per square me-

ter.

The PACA region is, on one side, a very urbanized area, with 94,3% of its in-

habitants living in the major cities, like Marseille, Nice, Toulon or Avignon. On the

other side, the alpine and continental areas are more rural, and don’t face a big

density of population. The main activities of this region are :

- tourism (1st hosting place for French tourists, and 2nd in terms of foreign tourists)

with a large offer of services: nautical activities, mountain sports, Natural protected

areas, cultural activities;

- agriculture (wine, olive-trees, flowers, market gardening);

Local context: Marseille and its area

25

- industry (petrochemical industry, nuclear, naval shipyards, metallurgy, oil refine-

ment).

This region in not homogeneous in terms of density of population, and

therefore in terms of job opportunities, integration, life quality, health, education,

etc. For example, the unemployment rate reaches 9.1 % at the end of 2011, which

is higher than the national rate (7.2%) and the “Bouches-du-Rhône” has a 10.2 %

unemployment rate, the higher of the PACA region.

Marseille, capital of this département, is a multicultural city with a lot of

people coming from Maghreb, Western Africa, Comores, etc. which give a very spe-

cial cultural frame to Marseille. Marseille has a peculiar spatial organisation, con-

strained between the Mediterranean on the west, and the hills that are surround-

ing the city.

The city itself is divided between richer neighbourhoods in the south of the

city, with smaller buildings, and individual houses, and poorer areas in the North,

with high density of inhabitants. Marseille was composed of scattered neighbour-

hoods, usually around a parish church and the urbanisation of the last century re-

sulted in big blocks of housing being constructed between those neighbourhoods.

26

In the Northern part of the city you can find areas called “cites”: large high-rise

housing estates build from the 50’s to 70’s of HLM (low rents housing). These cites

are physically quite closed around themselves, with few entrances leading to the

center. In them live people with low social level, with a high percentage of people

from immigration background.

Collective gardening is has a rich history in France, and can be traced back

to at least the middle ages where communal lands are owned by an entire village

for example. In the past two centuries collective gardening has mean mainly worker

gardens, “Jardins ouvriers” that where developed by employers’ philanthropy and

charity, mainly in the North. The fact to “offer” a garden to a worker contributed to

provide food for the often miserable workers, but was also be a way to pay less the

workers and make them even more dependant of the factory, like was often the

fact of providing housing.

At the end of the XIXth century there was a new dimension of morality in

the development of those gardens: for the social Catholicism of that period the

world of factories corrupts both minds and bodies and attributing a garden to the

chiefs of families is as much a charitable help for food as an intent to occupy them

with healthy practices, far away from pubs and syndicalist meetings. The abbot

Lemire (Member of the parliament for the city of Hazebrouck, North) created in

1896 the “Ligue du coin de terre et du Foyer”, “League of the patch of land and

Dwelling » to promote and federate the worker collective gardens, and promote

the idea of each worker family installed in a house with a garden.

It also valorises the “free” work of the gardener, master of its time and pro-

duction process against the industrial work and the “slave” work of the peasant. In

1921 that ligue create the first attempt at a national network: the “Fédération Na-

tionale des Jardins Ouvriers de France”.

Local context: the urban gardens in France and RJSM

27

The worker gardens developed in the first half of the XXth century, and

through the second World War. They are re-Christianized “Jardins Familliaux” ie

“Family gardens” in 1952 but lot of them disappeared in the reconstruction after

the war, where land is taken to build/rebuild houses. Their federation becomes the

“Fédération Nationale des Jardins Familliaux”, “National federation of family gar-

dens”. In the 70’s they become more protected by the law (a municipality wanting

to take the land for construction must provide the same surface elsewhere) they

are re-legitimated by the discovery of the hard poverty that strikes a growing part

of the French population. In 2006 the federation becomes the “Fédération Nation-

ale des Jardins Familiaux et Collectifs”, “National federation of family and collective

gardens”. Those gardens are generally located on the peripheries of cities, with

plots of average surface 50 to 150 m2, typically fenced and with a small shed. They

have internal regulation that can refers to among others the type of plants to be

cultivated (eg: only vegetables, vegetables at least 80%-flowers, one fruit tree per

plot...), the shape of the shed, the percentage of soil to be cultivated on the plot

(eg: no lawn, least than 20% not cultivated …). Their main objective is to produce

food, although they tend to open to new activities like environmental education.

Another form of collective gardens is the gardens related to the national

railways company SNCF: The worker gardens attributed to SNCF staff are grouped in

the organization “Jardinot, Jardin du cheminot”. Those gardens located close to the

railways or stations were originally restricted to SNCF staff but are now opening to

anyone although most of the plots seem to be still cultivated by SNCF staff or their

families. Those gardens do not exist in all the parts of France, but the organization is

Garden of the Cité St Pierre district, Lens 1906 Gardens of Wazier, minig city next to Douai

28

active on all the national territory offering field trip, meetings and exchanges be-

tween members, as well as gardening advices.

In the end of the 70’s a new current branches from the “classical” collective

gardening: the Second World War and its deprivations has encouraged urban in-

habitants to invest public space to grow what was missing in stores. In the mid 70s,

in New York and in cities across North America, popular initiatives invest vacant

places turning them into garden area. Over 750 community gardens are created in

New York City! Those are not only about producing food, but also about meeting on

common ground and collective projects. Soil and ideas are shared.

In the mid-80s, in France, some social workers, grassroots activists and other gar-

deners were interested in these practices of collective ownership. The “Fondation

de France” , (a national foundation that administrate many funds and foundations

in France) saw this as an opportunity to develop social ties, while taking into ac-

count, even partially, the concerns of self-sufficiency. The Fondation de France

helped funding several trips overseas to study the conditions for the emergence of

such initiatives in France.

Small groups worked on these issues and adapted, among other practices,

North American practices to our urban and sociological data, in different parts of

France. They met during two conferences in Lille (1997) and Nantes (1999) several

hundred people involved in similar initiatives or wishing to develop them and that

was the start of the national network of shared gardens, called JTSE “Le Jardin dans

Tous Ses Etats” (“The Garden in all its Forms”).

Numerous different terms are used to describe those gardens: Jardins com-

munautaires (Community gardens), jardins de proximité (proximity gardens), jar-

dins collectifs d’habitants (collective gardens for inhabitants), jardins de voisinages

(neighbourhood gardens), jardins de pied d’immeuble( foot housebuilding gar-

dens), Jardins solidaires (solidarity gardens) are used in differents parts of France or

in differents contexts, but the national group choose to use the term of shared gar-

dens, Jardins Partagés.

The RJSM, our local organisation, was created as part of this “JTSE” dynamic but in

its case the reference term is more “Jardin solidaire” “Solidarity gardens” because it

was chosen prior to the national term, and kept.

29

The 90’s correspond in France with a renewal of the garden and the garden-

ing: gardens and gardeners are visible in medias, gardening is a trendy leisure, gar-

den shops are developping fast, gardening is no longer limited to specialised ma-

gasines.The gardening world has its yearly events, from the very chicexhibition to

the local plants and cuttings barter. The ministry of culture created th national days

of gardens “Rendez-vous au jardin” which take place every first week end of june

since 2001.The 90’s were also a period with economical facilities for the non profit

associations, with special contracts, the “emplois jeunes” for young people easily

available to create a new activity. In this context numerous initiatives of collective

gardening flourishing around the country took the form of association with one or

few employeers assuring the quality and perennity of the project. However the

situation has been changing dramatically recently for the associations, with the end

of the “emploi jeunes” in 2005, the global diminution in subventions in all sectors,

and the harsh reduction of financial help to employement in the last 2 years. Conse-

quently numerous structure have desappeared or been in difficulties. This has

forced the gardens and the association to devise new ways of doing the things to

survive and be creative to adapt.

In 1998 the French government created two integration special devices:

-Insertion par activité économique: Integration by economical activity to employ

unemployed persons with social or particular professional difficulties called

“chantier d’insertion”. In that system the employee has a real work contract for a 6

month to 1 year period, and the employer receive finacial support from the govern-

ment.

-social integration actions: to socially integrate people that can not, at a time, inte-

grate the economical activity. The activity is supported finacially by the government

and the participating persons are helped by social services.

Some gardens developped in those two systems. Two main networks exist in

France: Reseau Cocagne is constituted by vegetable farms, Chantier ecole can

group organisation creating and maintening gardens and green spaces among other

activities developped in those integration systems. As integration is often one of the

diverse activities of a non profit organisation that manages a garden many collec-

tive gardens can be part of those networks.

References and sources

1 Census 2008, INSEE

Pluvinage and Weber, Les Jardins Familiaux, histoire d’une esthétique ouvrière, in Le cahier des Jardins

Rhône Alpes n°2, CAUE du Rhône, Mai 1999

30

Baudelet, Basset, Le Roy, Jardins Partagés Utopies, écologies, conseils pratiques, Terre Vivante 2008

Larbey V., personal communication

www.jardin-partage.org

www.jardinot.fr

www.jardins-familiaux.asso.fr

www.reseaucocagne.asso.fr

www.fnars.org

www.chantierecole.org

Urban gardens networks:

We have identified four main networks of collective gardens in France:

- The “Fédération Nationale des Jardins Familiaux et Collectifs”, “National federa-

tion of family and collective gardens”

- “Jardinot, Jardin du cheminot”

- Network of integration organisations: “Jardins de Cocagne” “Chantier Ecole”

- The JTSE “Jardin dans tous ses Etats” of which the RJSM is member.

As the RJSM is part of the JTSE network we will be working mainly with shared gar-

dens although the EUGO project is also an occasion to work with the other forms of

urban gardens.

The National Network JTSE:

United by common values, formalized in a Charter, the members of the na-

tional network represent most regions of France, where they act to promote the

implementation, by the people, of shared gardens. Managed by a group of regional

structures, associations and cooperatives, the JTSE is a recognized interlocutor by

the various official bodies, proposal force behind many publications, training or

meetings about the issue of shared garden. Nowadays the national network of

shared gardens can no longer rely on financial support of the beginning (“Fondation

de France”), but is running more on a volunteering system. The JTSE holds generally

4 annual 2 days meetings a year, each regional network hosting in turn. The JTSE is

now a recognized interlocutor for various official organizations and is still working

on different themes related to the shared garden. It is organizing again this year,

31

2012, a major national conference on the theme of urban gardens and the citizen

initiatives to feed the cities, to be held in Strasbourg in October.

Regionally, there is a wide variety of situations: In some region a clear public policy

supports the emergence of shared gardens and local administration organize a net-

work or strongly help financially the organization in charge of the local networks,

but in other parts of the territory the networks do not have such opportunities.

In some areas the organization in charge of the network develops and cre-

ates new gardens which become part of the network. In our area (the south of

France, Mediterranean region) the network was constituted by grouping together

pre-existing gardens/structures. The RJSM organization relies on a group of active

volunteering structures which lead the network; some structure or garden can as-

sume an important role in the life of the network for a moment then become less

implicated and then become again more implicated, depending on for example ca-

pacity or interest of the staff members. The regional council of the Région PACA

supports the network.

The RJSM is the representing JTSE in Provence Alpes- Côte d'Azur and has

members in the Gard and Herault. The RJSM headquarters is located in Charleval, a

small village in the Bouches-du-Rhone (48 km from Marseille). The RJSM is repre-

sented by local correspondents

The different kinds of gardens:

There is a wide variety of urban gardens are in the territory of RJSM. Most of

those gardens are related to a non-profit organisation (French Loi de 1901system)

which gives a legal status to any group of person registered with the local prefec-

ture. A few other garden are related to a social/educational structure like a school,

a hospital or a centre for special needs people and very few have no special status

but are only the fact of some people being together to garden. Each garden is

unique, distinguished by his example by location or by the type of activities that are

practiced there but we can try to categorize them by their kind of activities or the

public they aim to.

32

Educational gardens:

Devised for environmental education, they usually have employees receiving

the school/groups in the garden or going inside the schools and centers to do some

activities related to the garden or the environment or sometimes to install gardens

inside the structures. They often include vegetables and flowers gardens, some-

times orchard, and often “wild” flora areas.

Jardin des Aures, Marseille Jardins de l’Espérance, La Ciotat

Inclusion gardens:

The garden is a resourceful place, conducive to the resumption of confi-

dence in oneself and others, and a springboard to employment. These gardens can

be for social inclusion, in that case the coordinator is employee, but the beneficiar-

ies are volunteers; or for job inclusion, in that case the beneficiaries are employees

as well, with special contacts with funding by the government.

Jardins de l’Espérance Jardilien Coté Jardins Solidaires

La Ciotat Aubagne Nîmes

33

Inhabitant gardens

This is a shared space (usually public), hosted and managed by a group of

residents in a dynamic development of neighbourhood life .

Jardin de Gibraltar, Marseille

Shared gardens

These gardens often mix individual and collective plots, most of them have a

professional coordinator, at least part time, that helps organising the life of the gar-

den, there is a social objective which is supported by the owner of the land, usually

a public institution, or a social landlord.

Jardins du Vieux Moulin Jardin des cerises Jardin des Aures

Salon de Provence Digne les Bains Marseille

34

Family gardens

These gardens include individual plots for cultivation and collective facilities.

They usually don’t have paid staff and are run by volunteers in a non profit organi-

zation, or sometimes directly by a city council.

Comm’un Jardin de Mey Les Jardins de la coudoulouse

Meyrargues Pertuis

Thematic gardens

A garden may also specialize to be therapeutic, culinary, artistic, experimen-

tal, conservatory of rare plants or useful, heritage, etc. These kind of garden can be

part of our network if there are managed and cultivated with collective participa-

tion, in the form of non profit organization.

36

Monday 5th Tuesday 6th Wednesday

Breakfast in the rooms

Meeting time:

8:45: program presentation

Meeting time

8:30

Mo

rnin

g

9:00 -10:00 travelling to garden

#1 Croq’Jardin

10:30-11:30: participants’ in-

terviews

-

-

-

11:30 – 12h:15: Visit of the gar-

den

8:30-9:30: travel to

Garden #2 Cosmos Kolej

9:30-10:30: participants’ inter-

views

-

-

10:30-11:30:

discussion group “dialogue be-

tween shared gardens & institu-

tions”

11:30-13:00: Visit & presenta-

tion of the garden & of informal

transmission of gardening

knowledge

Lun

ch

In the garden or in the restau-

rant « Grain de sel »

In the garden

(catering )

afte

rno

on

14h30 – 15h30:

4 thematic workshops:

See detailed progr. p36-37

15:30 – 16:00: coffee break

16h00 – 17h00

4 thematic workshops:

See detailed progr. P36-37

Leaving 17:30

14h30: train to La Busserine

Garden #3 Jardin d’Adam

Mobilisation of gardeners

through art

Optional possibility

Garden #4 FONT OBSCURE

Handicap and dialogue with

institutions

ev

en

ing

18:30

back to hotel

Writing daily diary/ free time

Around 18:00

Social center Merlan


Din

er

20:30 restaurant Jo & Elsa

Back in metro or tram

Buffet in Social center

Back in bus/metro or tram

Arrival times:

Train/bus station

Around 14:30

Lawrence

Dennis

Sheila

Carmelo

Paola

Angelike

Antonio 21:45

Jutta: 23:00

Around 23:30

Ilenia

Paola

Sylviane

Diner in restau-

rant or in the

rooms

37

Tuesday 8th Friday 9th Saturday 10th

Breakfast in the rooms

Meeting time

8:30

Meeting time

8:30 - 9h30 travel to

Garden #5 Néréides

10:00 Practice #11: meeting of

gardeners

11:30 Visit of the garden

To be defined together

Lunch In the garden

or social center

(catering )

Free lunch

go were you want, have

touristic time if wished

14:30—16:30

Participant interviews

-

-

-

-

-

-

16:30 travelling back to city centre

16:30 meeting in Pistes

Solidaires

Deciding on implementa-

tion of GP in your countries

Evaluation

Perspectives for the follow-

ing of the project

17:30


19:00 meeting in Pistes Solidaires

19:00

Writing daily diary

Exchanging photos

Public Forum; meeting with

French gardeners, Buffet

Back walking or tram

20:00 Farewell party

Restaurant Jo & Elsa

Train 21:30 Antonio

Departure time:

Airport

Angelike

10:55

Jutta

16:40

Lawrence

Dennis

Sheila

19:25

Ilenia

Paola

Sylviane

Carmelo

Paola

Tourist visit &

lunch possible

with Viviane

38

We are starting the visit with one day out of Marseille to visit Croq Jardin, in

La Roque d’Anthéron, the garden of Jean (participant in SV3, Roma) and Gonzague

(participant in SV2, Kingsand)

We will spend the morning with presentation from some of the European

visitors, but keep some for the next days, and the visit of the garden. It will made

like a kind of “interview”, by asking 3 of you about their gardens and practices. Un-

fortunately we will not have a projector for computer, but we’ll print some picture

if needed.

Lunch should be provided by the garden, except if the weather is too bad

For the afternoon we propose different workshop, you will be able to choose

2 from:

A) gardening with disabled people: what is the interest of hotitherapy,

what are the characteristics of a garden for hortitherapy

B) having a workhop in your garden: “to build an insect house”

C) having a workshop in your garden about composting

D) the practices of Croq Jardin related to work with teenagers

E) having some educational activities with children in the garden

We would like to offer to you to exchange with some of the French gardeners about

their practices, but also about yours, the aim of each of these workshop being to

write together an “activity sheet” to be use by you if you want to implement this

practice in your garden, and to be the basis of the activity sheets that will be put on

the EUGO learning website next year.

Tuesday 6th

39

Croq’Jardin

Croq’jardin was born in 2000. Today, in 2012 the gar-

den is composed of :

around 20 plots forl families or groups (close to

UK allotment system)

A botanical walk about the history of plants and

vegetables

An educational pond

A garden of herbs and medicinal plants

A pathways about water and irrigation devices

An orchard

Greenhouses

A small conference room

A Composting area for professionals

A solar kitchen, a pizza oven, and spaces for pique-nique

Dry toilets

These installations allows us to receive school groups of every ages for workshops

about composting, insects, biodiversity, colours and dyeing plants, etc. We propose

a free information session on compost every first Saturday of the month.

We hold an annual festival each first week end of May calle “tous au jardin” ie eve-

rybody to the garden, with workshops, conferences, exchanges of seeds…

Croq Jardin

Quartier les Bouygons

13640 La Roque d’Anthéron

FRANCE

http://

www.foyersrurauxpaca.org/-

Croq-jardin

40

A day in the northern districts of Marseille:

We would like to spend this day on the following topics:

How to rally gardeners to a project of urban garden,

how to transmit knowledge (about gardening but also other topics) in these gar-

dens

We’ll go first to the district of Saint Antoine, to Cosmos Kolej, a garden set

up by a theatre company in one of the difficult northern « cités » of Marseille and

meet there Mrs Mireille Gouiran, who is the responsible of the Service for urban

gardens of the City, and then go to the districts of Le Merlan, La Busserine, to meet

the people from SAFI, and discuss with them the use of art to bring people inside

the gardens

In Cosmos Kolej, like on Monday, we will take a time to “interview” two of

you about your gardens and projects. We may have a projector for computer.

In the evening we will stay in this area and have a buffet diner there, this

should provide you some time to exchange about your practices, and experiences,

and to write on our “practice sheets” for the website. We won’t go back to the ho-

tel before sleeping time, so make sure to take all you need with you!

Wednesday 7th

41

Cosmos Kolej : Cosmos kolej is a kind of Cultural center in the

Northern neighbourhood of Marseille, set up by a theatre

company. It is an artists residency: theatre, circus, arts, musi-

cians, film makers. Staff: 9 cultural workers (1 specific for

gardens).

garden is one of the activity of the organisation: 3 gardens,

plots for 62 families + 4 childcare classes. Main activi-

ties:

-Workshop “Du jardin à l’assiette”: 4 groups of 24 pupils come 4 times during the year and

discover the links between what is growing and what we eat.

-Gardening initiation week for youngsters with their educators + presentation to the

neighbours.

-Seasonal meetings with gardeners: share information, wishes, collective tasks: clean the

paths, small repair activities.

SAFI: SAFI stands for « du Sens, de l’Audace, de la Fantaisie

et de l’Imagination », you know (or you will learn this week)

that French people do love acronyms. This translate as

« some meaning, nerve, imaginativeness, imagination ». It is

a non profit organisation of artists, people creating art exhibitions, art experiences, and

scenography. They aim to bring into scene and lignt the relation between men and their

territories.

Dalila Ladjal and Stéphane Brisset

Jardin d’Adam: The shared garden began in 2008 on the remains of

the gymnasium of the school district, burned in 2005. This

is a group of women called "Women in Action" which saw

the abandoned gymnasium as an opportunity to realize the

garden of which they all desired. The garden is born of this

desire and of the desire to transform the gymnasium become a dangerous playground for

children. The women's group broke the concrete using a jackhammer and cleared the rubble

to reach the ground. They made compost with SAFI and used it to make the land fertile.

many people became involved in the construction and to sustain the garden.

This garden allows users to share friendly moments: “Garden sale” (like a car boot

sale but for gardens!) are held each year at the initiative of the "District Committee". All gar-

deners of the district are invited to exchange and / or sell their seeds and plants

Cosmos Kolej

La Gare Franche

7 chemin des Tuileries

13015 Marseille

+33(0)4.91.65.17.77

[email protected]

www.cosmoskolej.org

SAFI

80 Rue Léon Bourgeois

13001 Marseille

[email protected]

Groupe “Femmes en action”

au centre social Agora

34 Rue de la Busserine

13014 Marseille

42

In the eastern district of Marseille

Today we’ll go to meet the organisation AMIEU, which supports the creation

of garden at the foot of the big housing blocks. They want to share their practices of

managing these kind of garden with you. We’ll join their monthly gardener meeting

at the garden « Jardin des Néréides » (Néréides being the name of the housing es-

tate). You’ll meet with Alexis, one of the staff of AMIEU, and the gardeners.

We’ll have lunch there, and take the afternoon to go on with our interviews

of all your projects and gardens, and share more practices withe AMIEU. We ‘ll be

able to have some computer projector there.

You’ll have a bit or free time in the afternoon (except for thos writing the

daily diary) but you’ll have to be at 19:00 in Pistes Solidaires, 67 La Canebière for a

public forum where we invited gardeners and garden staff from Marseille and the

other parts of RJSM to meet you. The aim is for you and them to exchange about

your activities. We plan session of photo and film projection, discusion groups, a

buffet of course and much more. This would also be the right time to go on reading

all the « good practices » already collected in the program… and why not complete

them with more information.

Thursday 7th

43

AMIEU:

Amieu stands for “L'ATELIER MARSEILLAIS d'INI-

TIATIVES en ECOLOGIE URBAINE” (more o less: work-

shop of urban ecology in Marseille). It is a non profit

organisation created in 1992. 80 members, among them

15 active volunteers, 4 paid staff. The idea is that if

somebody is not interested in the place where he/she

lived it may only be because she/he doesn’t now it. Amieu try to enrich the link between

inhabitants and their street/district/city. To learn about the history, geography and nature of

the place is the first step toward being active in its own environment and life.

Our projects thus lead us into using urban garden as a wonderful tool to involve people in

the life of their district, to better their close environment, and thus to better their life.

Jardin des Néréides:

Background: Requested by the city Council

Amieu began to work on awareness of forest fires (the

forest on the hills is quite close) with the school "école

des Néréïdes" and with the neighbourhood (district called "Bosquet et Néréïdes"). After

three years, the community garden was created in an attempt to involve the families in the

project. The Amieu also convinced Habitat 13, the social landlord, to accept social inclusion

projects on its territory. Today the forest fires have decreased significantly.

This garden opened February 15, 2009

Management of the garden:

Work with the group of gardeners: monthly meetings with the gardeners, organisation of

collective tasks (cleaning, planting, size of olives and olive gathering, festive events in the

gardens: meals, ...).

educational garden: every week our garden hostess welcomes several classes in the educa-

tional garden.

3 people of Amieu work about 2 days each week in that territory.

Cité des Néréïdes – Bosquet

Chemin de la Granière

13011 Marseille

FRANCE

AMIEU

66 rue d’Aubagne

13001 Marseille

+33 (0)4 91 31 54 93

[email protected]

http://

jardinspourtous.amieu.over-

blog.com/

44

To define together :

Friday 9th

46

notes:

48

notes:

51

Location map:

Small location map for the main places you’ll be in the city centre.

52

Metro 1: Colbert

Adagio Marseille République

http://www.accorhotels.com/fr/hotel-7525-adagio-marseille-republique/

index.shtml

30 rue Jean Trinquet

13002 MARSEILLE

Tel: +33 (0)4 96 11 67 00

Public transports:

Metro 2: Jules Guesde

Tram line 2, République Dame

Accomodation

BOOKLET Visita di Studio FRANCIA

Documents

Transcript of BOOKLET Visita di Studio FRANCIA