BOOK ON ANIMAL SPECIES OF

ROYAL BELUM

MALAYSIA

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Aves

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at bill-casque junction, and has white eyes.

Habitat : It is found in lowland and montane,

tropical and subtropical and in the mountain

rain forests up to 1,400 metres altitude in Bor-

neo, Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula, Sin-

gapore and southern Thailand . It also can be

found at broadleaved evergreen forest.

Feeding: Eat mainly nuts, seeds, and fruit

(especially figs). They eat small mammals and

reptiles too.

The Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) is

one of the largest hornbills, adults being ap-

proximately the size of a swan. The male species

are very large with bright red and yellow up-

ward-curved casque with black base. The female

species are smaller, lacks black on lasque and

Did you know?? Hornbill are the birds in which the first two neck vertebrae

(the axis and atlas) are fused together and this special feature

probably provides a more stable platform for carrying the bill.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Buceros

Species Buceros rhinoceros

Common Name Rhinoceros Hornbill

Source: http://www.hornbills.org/rhinocero

s.htm

6 6

Male are bigger with huge, mostly yellowish bill

and casque, blackish plumage with white nape

and neck. Male also have white vent and white

tail with black central band. Female are smaller

and they lack black on casque and at bill-casque

junction with whitish eyes.

Reproduction: Monogamous. Pairs will per-

form ritual that may include preening, feeding,

wing, tail displays and also beating bills on the

ground.

Feeding: Predominantly frugivores that feed

on both lipid-rich and sugar-rich fruits and also

small mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and

insects.

Habitat: South-east Asia. Located in vast tropi-

cal rainforest with massive trees, broadleaved

evergreen forest, mixed deciduous, forest on

some islands, up to 1525m.

Adaptive characteristics:The feature that

distinguishes B. bicornis from other species is its

greatly curved bill and prominent casque.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Buceros

Species Buceros bicornis

Common

Names

Enggang Papan

Did you know?? Buceros bicornis is considered "near

threatened" on the IUCN Red List. The

biggest threat to this species is habitat de-

struction, and particularly the removal of

the old-growth trees that these birds re-

quire for nesting.

Source: Buceros bicornis (Lim Kim Chye, MNS,

2009)

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The species is a heavily- built, stout bird. The

pale yellow-bill has a reddish-brown base and is

topped with a wrinkled, bony ridge known as a

casque, striped yellowish-white with red-brown.

Bare skin around the eyes, whereas the larger

male has a dark brown head and nape, a white

breast, and yellow throat skin, female almost all-

black with a blue throat sac.

Habitat: They are typically found in evergreen

and mixed deciduous forest, mainly in the low-

lands, but also up to an altitude of around 1,000

meters. E.g. South-east Myanmar, south-west and

southern Thailand, and northern Peninsular Ma-

laysia.

Feeding: Feed mainly on fruits but also prey on

other animals like insects, reptiles, and the eggs

and chicks of other birds.

Reproduction: Nesting generally takes place be-

tween January and June, with one to three eggs

being laid in cavities in tall, broad trees.

Source : http://www.hornbills.org/plain_pouc hed.htm

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Rhyticeros

Species Aceros subruficollis

Common

name

Plain-pouched Horn-

bill

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Reproduction: They generally form mo-

nogamous pairs, although some species engage

in cooperative breeding. The female lays up to

six white eggs in existing holes or crevices, ei-

ther in trees or rocks.

The male species are relatively small size, black

plumage with broadly white-tipped outertail and

unmarked yellowish-white bill and casque. The

facial skin is blackish. The female species has bill

and casque smaller and blackish, orbital skin

and submoustachial patch pinkish.

Habitat: Largely dependent on lowland ever-

green forest up to 215 m. It is also found in selec-

tively logged, gallery and swamp forest and tall

secondary forest.

Feeding: Omnivorous birds, eating fruit, insects

and small animals. Female black hornbill feed

on wild figs while male black hornbill feed on

other fruit.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Anthracoceros

Species Anthracoceros ma-

layanus

Common

Name Black Hornbill

Source : http://www.arkive.org/black-hornbill/

anthracoceros-malayanus/

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The male species are relatively small size and

mostly black, with white facial markings.

Their belly vent and pale yellowish bill and

casque with dark markings. The female spe-

cies have bill and casque small and more ex-

tensively dark.

Habitat: They live in a broadleaved ever-

green forest, mixed deciduous forest, island

forest, secondary growth, sometimes coastal

scrub, plantations and gardens, up to 1,400m.

Feeding: The Oriental Pied Hornbill's diet

includes wild fruit and other fruit such as

rambutan, the oil palm fruit along with small

reptiles such as lizards and frogs, and larger

insects .

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Anthracoceros

Species Antharacoceros albi-

rostris

Common

Name Oriental Pied Hornbill

Source : http://www.hornbills.org/oriental_p

ied.htm

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Male have very large with elongated central

tail feathers and bare dark red skin on sides of

head, throat and neck. The female are smaller,

bill speckled black at tip, skin of face and neck

tinged pale lilac. The length can be ranged up

to 1.7 meters, with a leathery, wrinkled face

and supporting a bony casque on top of its

beak.

Feeding: Omnivorous, feeding mainly on

fruiting rainforest figs, insects, small mammals

and birds.

Habitat: Broadleaved evergreen forest, up to

1,400m. Rhinoplax vigil is confined to the Sun-

daic lowlands, where it is known from south

Tenasserim, Myanmar, peninsular Thailand,

Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia,

S i n g a p o r e , K a l i m a n t a n , S u m a -

tra, Indonesia and Brunei. It is generally

scarce and occurs at low densities even in opti-

mal habitat.

Did you know?? The Helmeted Hornbill is evaluated

as Near Threatened on the IUCN

Red List of Threatened Species as it

is hunted and losing habitat. Unlike

other hornbills, the Helmeted Horn-

bill's casque is solid, and the skull

including the casque and bill may

constitute 10 percent of the bird's

weight.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Rhinoplax

Species Rhinoplax vigil

Common

Names

Burung Tebang Mentua/Burung

Torak

Source : http://www.hornbills.org/orien

tal_pied.htm

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This species found in forests of Thai-Malay Penin-

sula, Sumatra, Borneo and Africa. Females are

smaller than males. The plumage is black and white.

The head, neck, breast and tail are white, while the

rest are black. White crown feathers erected in a

crest. Bare dark blue skin between the eye, bill and

throat. Bill mainly black with a yellowish base. Also

have blackish casque on the top if its bill. Female

have black neck and underparts.

Habitat: This bird is territorial and inhabits rain-

forests of low and medium altitudes, usually at an

elevation below 900 meters. It may also be found in

fruit, oil-palm and rubber plantations.

Feeding: This bird feed on various fruits, lizard,

arthropods and larvae.

Reproduction: Female lays two white eggs in a

tree hole and seal herself by obstructing the en-

trance with droppings, debris and mud. The male

and other adults and young belonging to a coopera-

tive group feed the breeding female and later the

chicks through a narrow hole.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Coraciiformes

Genus Berenicornis

Species Berenicornis comatus

Common

Name

White-crowned hornbill

Source: http://www.hornbills.org/white_

crowned.htm

Female leaves the nest breaking the "wall"

when the chicks are able to fly.

Adaptive Characteristics: Can survive

at higher elevations where the destruction

of forests is not so severe and thus it is not

yet considered to be globally threatened.

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The male and female are alike. The different is

only the mouth of which the male is black and

the female is paler. Feathers covering body are

black, except at the tail edge which is white, and

the wing tip is black. There is hair on its head

which looks like the crest. Mouth and all the

mouth edge are black.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Anorrhinus

Species Anorrhinus galeritus

Common

Name

Bushy-crested hornbill

Habitat: Native to Southern Thailand, Ma-

laysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Lives in the

tropical rainforest and normally clings on the

high branches. It is quite swiftly and difficult

to get close. It stays in a troop, builds the nest

in hole on the tree, and builds the same nest

at the same place but will frequently repair.

Feeding: This bird eats fruit and other in-

sect, including small animals, for example;

chameleon, ground lizard, snakes.

Reproduction: Female shed feathers while

incubating and feeding the chick. This bird

lays 2 to 3 eggs at a time.

Source: http://belumoutdoor.files.wordpr

ess.com/2012/08hornbill_bushy_crested_f

emale_dscn7765.jpg

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The Aceros corrugates has mainly black

plumage, a blue eye-ring, and a broadly

white or rufous-tipped tail. Males have

bright yellow feathers on the auriculars,

cheeks, throat, neck-sides and chest, but

these areas are black in the female, except

for the blue throat. The bill of the male is

yellow with a red base and casque and a

brownish basal half of the lower mandible.

The bill and casque of the female is almost

entirely yellow.

Habitat: This species inhabits lowland as

well as coastal swamp forests up to an alti-

tude of 1,000 metres. It can be found in

south Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Su-

matra, the Batu islands, Borneo and

southwest Cambodia.

Feeding: This species eats mainly fruit,

such as figs, small animals such as frogs

and insects.

Reproduction: Breeding occurs usually

during the rainy season of December and

January. After a pre-laying period of four

to six days, the female will lay an average

of two eggs. After a month of incubation,

the chicks will hatch. The male feeds both

the female and chicks by regurgitation.

They are monogamous, forming lifelong

relationships and similar to marriage.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Aceros

Species Aceros corrugatus

Common

Name

Wrinkle Hornbill Source: http://www.hornbills.org/images/

wkh.gif

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Males are larger than females. Birds are black

with a white tail stained yellow with preen gland

oil. Females have a black head and neck. Males

have a rufous crown and white face and neck.

The iris and bare skin around the eye are cherry

-red. The extensive inflatable bare throat skin

has an interrupted blue-black band across its

center and is bright yellow in the male and blue

in the female. Bill is dull white with a casque of

low wreaths across the base of the upper mandi-

ble.

Habitat: Forested hill ranges of India, Myan-

mar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Suma-

tra, Java, Bali, and Borneo.

Feeding: Eating mostly fruit. However, male

feeds animal prey such as bats, reptiles, frogs,

crabs, and insects to brooding female and devel-

oping chicks.

Reproduction: These species form life-long mo-

nogamous pairs. After laying up to three white

eggs, the female seals herself into the nest cham-

ber. She is completely dependent on him for food

during the 4 1/2 months that she

incubates the eggs and brood the young.

During this time, she also molts and re

grows her feathers. She emerges with

usually only one purple-skinned chick,

any other chicks died of starvation.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Bucerotidae

Genus Aceros

Species Aceros undulatus

Common

Name

Wreathed Hornbill,

Bar-Pouched Hornbill

Source: http://www.hornbills.org/wreathe

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Blyth‟s Hawk Eagles are all black from above.

The belly and underparts are white barred

with black, and the legs are long and feath-

ered. They have a black head, crest, and beak,

and bright yellow eyes. There are thick white

bands on the undertail and the uppertail.

Feeding: Blyth‟s Hawk Eagles eat small

mammals, birds, lizards, and bats. They hunt

in the air, foraging by circling over the tree

canopy, but have also been recorded taking

poultry from the ground.

Habitat: They live in tropical areas where

there is montane and hilly forest, from 200-

1700 meters above sea level. Island-dwelling

birds prefer denser forest. They are found

found throughout the Malay Peninsula, Suma-

tra, and Sabah.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Accipitriformes

Family Acciptridae

Genus Nisaetus

Species alboniger

Common

Names

Spizaetus alboniger

Source: Blyth’s Hawk Eagle Spizaetus alboniger, Malaysia,June

2008.

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Male has dark blackish upper parts with silvery-

azure streak from mantle to rump. It has long,

white neck-flash with rufous tip, white throat, rest

of under parts mostly pale rufous-buff with bold

blue band across chest. Female has rich rufous un-

der parts and lacking breast-band.

Habitat: It is generally sedentary on rocky or slow-

flowing streams and larger rivers running through

forest (usually humid evergreen and back-

mangroves), most commonly in the lowlands.

Feeding: It is predominantly piscivorous (fish-

eating) and also consuming crustaceans, insects and

small reptiles.

Reproductive: During the breeding season, king-

fisher pairs perform a display flight whilst calling.

Source:https://www.flickr.com/photos/wokoti/336

3571867/in/photostream/

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Alcedinidae

Genus Alcedo

Species Alcedo euryzona

Common

Name

Blue-banded King-

fisher

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Stachyris erythroptera has bluish eyering, thin

dark bill. It has face, throat, breast, and flanks

dirty grey. The upperparts, wings and tail are

chestmut brown. The legs are pale grey to grey-

green.

Habitat: Primary evergreen forest and older sec-

ondary evergreen forest. Also in selectively logged

forest, bamboo brakes, upland heath, peatswamp-

forest or tree plantations.

Feeding: Feeds on insects and also small fruits.

Reproduction: Breeding season from December to

September in Southeast Asia, March to July and

October to November in Borneo, maybe multi-

brooded and partly a social breeder. The nest is a

dome with side entrance made of dead bamboo

and other leaves and dry grasses. Lays 2 - 3 eggs.

Interesting facts: Found at extreme south-

ern Burma and Thailand to peninsu-

lar Malaysia, Sumantra, and Borneo.

Source: http://www.birdforum.net/opus/Chestnut-

winged_Babbler

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Passeriformes

Family Timaliidae

Genus Stachyris

Species Stachyris erythrop-

tera

Common

name

Chestnut-winged

babbler

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Blackish, dull olive brown above with elongate

chestnut rump plume, dense black markings be-

low, blue or purple orbital skin and rictal area.

Habitat: Found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,

Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is

subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Feeding: Invertebrates, including beetles

(Coleoptera) and spiders (Araneae).

Reproduction: Breeding season from March to

September in mainland Asia, March to April in

Sumatra and February and May to September in

Borneo. The nest is a loose cup or globe made of

dry leaves. It's placed near to the ground in the

centre of a small palm or in tangle of creepers and

dead leaves. Lay 3 eggs. It is a resident species.

Interesting facts: Active and noisy foliage

gleaning insectivore. Babblers are shy little forest

birds, never flying further than necessary and pre-

ferring to slip about through the undergrowth

near the ground.

Source: http://orientalbirdimages.org/birdi

mages.php?action=birdspecies& Bird_ID= 1513

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Passeriformes

Family Timaliidae

Genus Stachyris

Species Stachyris maculata

Common name Chestnut-rumped

Babbler

21

There is not much study have been

done regarding this species. But, physi-

cally this bird have red spot on top of it

head and blue skin surrounded the eyes

with brown feather around the body.

The name came from the behavior of

this species where it can fluff the

feather on its back.

Habitat: The Fluffy-backed Tit -

Babbler (Macronus ptilosus) is a species of-

bird in the Timaliidae family. Its natu-

ral habitats are subtropical or tropical moist

lowland forests and subtropical or tropical

swamps.

Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Passeriformes

Family Timaliidae

Genus Macronus

Species Macronus ptilosus

Common

name

Fluffy-backed Tit-

Babbler

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This bird has slaty grey face, side of breast and

flank washing onto the belly is pale tawny or-

ange, crown slighter darker on upper-parts dark

olive-brown and slightly darker grey under eye

which blends into black moustachial stripe.

Habitat: Found in Peninsular Malaysia, Singa-

pore, and Thailand as well as the islands

of Sumatra and Borneo. The species has been

recorded in a number of different habitat types,

including primary broadleaf evergreen forest,

mature secondary forest, drier parts of peat

swamp forests, stream edges, scrubs, thickets

and overgrown plantations.

Feeding: Their diet includes a variety of insects

including beetles, small grasshoppers and ants.

They often use their feet to grasp prey items and

forage on or just above the ground, usually in

pairs.

Reproduction: Breeding reported from Febru-

ary to September across range. This species has

several batches of young in one breeding season.

Source: http://www.birdforum.net/opus/images/

thumb/4/42/Short-tailed_ Babbler.jpg/550px-

Short-tailed_Babbler.jpg

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Passeriformes

Family Pellorneidae

Genus Malacocincla

Species Malacocincla ma-

laccensis

Common

name

Short-tailed bab-

bler

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Habitat: Barbet (Megalaima henricii) is a

species of bird in the Ramphastidae family. It

is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and

Singapore, and Thailand. Its natu-

ral habitats are subtropical or tropical moist

low land forests and subtropical or tropical

swamps.

Feeding: They primarily feed on fruits, but

will also eat a wide range of insects, such as

ants, cicadas, dragonflies, crickets, locusts,

beetles, moths and mantids.

Breeding: They nest in tree holes and

hens usually lay 2 to 4 eggs, which are in-

cubated for 13 to 15 days.

Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Piciformes

Family Ramphastidae

Genus Megalaima

Species Megalaima henricii

Common

name

Yellow- crowned Bar-

bet

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The head and body are predominantly greyish-

green, the wings are blackish-grey with yellow

fringes, the under tail is dark chestnut and the legs

are yellow. Chest patch; in the male this is a dark

golden colour, while in the female it is a lighter

yellow.

Habitat: Found throughout the Sundaland re-

gion, that includes the Thai-Malay Peninsula and

the Greater Sunda Islands. It can usually be found

in small flocks, high in the canopy of tall trees.

Reproduction: Copulating, collecting nest mate-

rial and apparently perched on nests, which ap-

pear to be little more than a platform of twigs,

have been recorded in January, April, July, Au-

gust and November, while sightings of birds with

eggs is in January and March.

Behaviour: Believed to spend most of its life in

trees, visiting the ground for short periods only to

swallow grit, which helps its gizzard to grind up

food that it has ingested. It does not appear to be

migratory, although on one occasion a bird was

witnessed making a long distance night-time

Did you know?? The large green pigeon produces a vari-ety of vocalisations including deep, rich growling notes and a kak-kak or kwok-kwok call.

movement, and flocks have been known to

relocate according to fig tree fruiting cycles.

Eating Habit: It is a fig-eating specialist, fa-

vouring fig tree that produce larger fruits,

over ten centimetres.

Source: http:// orientalbirdimages .org/ birdi-

mages.php? action = birdspecies &Bird _

ID=750

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Columbiformes

Family Columbidae

Genus Treron

Species Treron capellei

Common

Name

Large-green pigeon

25

The Red-bearded Bee-eater (Nyctyornis amictus) is

a large species of bee-eater found in the Indo-

Malayan subregion of South-east Asia. Like other

bee-eaters, they are colourful birds with long tails,

long decurved beaks and pointed wings. They pre-

dominantly green, with a red coloration to face

that extends on to the slightly hanging throat

feathers to form the “beard”.

Habitat: deep forest, usually in the hilly areas of

the lowland forest.

Feeding: Insects, especially bees, wasps and hor-

nets, which are caught in flight from perches con-

cealed in foliage. They hunt alone or in pairs,

rather than in flocks, and sit motionless for long

periods before pursuing their prey.

Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Coraciiformes

Family Meropidae

Genus Nyctyornis

Species Nyctyornis amictus

Common

name

Red-bearded Bee-

eater

26

(trogon is Greek for "nibbling"). The tro-

gons, which are tropical species, have a

worldwide distribution.

Habitat: Its natural habitats are sub-

tropical or tropical moist lowland forests,

subtropical or tropical swamps, and sub-

tropical or tropical moist forests.

Feeding: Primarily insects like bugs, bet-

tles and caterpillars.

The Scarlet-rumped Trogon (Harpactes du-

vaucelii) is a species of bird in the Trogonidae

family. Trogons are named in honor of their

habit of gnawing holes in trees to make nests

Did you know?? Trogons are unique among birds because of

their toe arrangement; they've got two toes

pointing forward and two toes pointing

backward.

Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Trogoniformes

Family Trogonidae

Genus Harpactes

Species Harpactes duvaucelii

Common

name

Scarlet-rumped Tro-

gon

27

The adult male is glossy black above, with a white

forehead streak that arcs around black cheeks. In

flight the male has white wings underneath with

black barring on the primaries and secondary

flight feathers, and light streaking on

the underwing coverts. There are three white bars

underneath on the otherwise plain black tail. The

adult female is similar to the adult male, except

the tail is longer.

Feeding: This falconet mainly feeds on insects,

including moths , butterflies, dragonflies,

late termites and cicadas, occasional small birds,

and lizards.

Habitat: The typical habitat is forest, forest edge

and wooded open area. It can also frequently be

found around human cultivation, villages, and

and near active slash-and-burn forest clearance;

often by rivers, streams, and paddy fields.

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Falconiformes

Family Falconidae

Genus Microhierax

Species fringillarius

Common

Names

Microhierax fringil-larius

Source: Black-thighed Falconets Microhierax frin-

gillarius, Malaysia, March 2002.

28

Plain head without lateral crownstripes, greyish

mid-brown forehead, crown and nape, paler and

greyer head side, warm-tinged mid-brown upper-

parts, slightly more rufous-chestnut on rump and

uppertail coverts, upper wing blackish-brown on

inner webs and outer fringes much paler rufescent

brown.

Habitat: Primary evergreen forest, older secon-

dary forest, lightly logged forest and Found from

south Thailand through the Malay Peninsula, lo-

cally on Sumatra, Borneo and Natunas Islands.

Generally uncommon to fairly common in range.

Feeding: Feeds on insects and berries.

Reproduction: Sexes similar, juveniles like

adults. Breeding season April to May in Thailand,

May to July on Borneo. The nest is undescribed.

Source: http://orientalbirdimages.org/images/

data/brown_fulvetta.jpg

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Passeriformes

Family Pellorneidae

Genus Alcippe

Species Alcippe brunnei-

cauda

Common

name Brown fulvetta

29

Owing to the adult female in this species being

streaked, the young resemble her closely, but

the wing-coverts of the latter are always edged

with ferruginous. The young male in passing to

the adult stage undergoes the same changes as

the young of the other Yellow Orioles. Occa-

sionally an apparently adult male is found with

black spots on the back and black margins to

the rump-feathers. The legs and feet are plum-

beous blue or very dark plumbeous, the bill

very dark fleshy or pale fleshy brown; the iri-

des crimson.

Source: http://orientalbirdimages.org/images/

data/darkthroated_oriole_070530_cwk.jpg

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Passeriformes

Family Oriolidae

Genus Oriolus

Species Oriolus xantho-

notus

Common

name

Dark-throated

Oriole

Habitat: Lowland evergreen and swamp

forest and forest edges to 1,220m. Found

in Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia,

Malay Peninsula, Brunei, Philip-

pines, Borneo, Indonesia, Greater Sundas,

Sumatra and Java.

Feeding: The diet includes fruit and in-

sects.

Reproduction: Nesting recorded in May in

extreme Thailand (Narathiwat), February

(Perak) and June (Johor) in Peninsular Ma-

laysia.

30

31

G. gallus plumage is gold, red, brown, dark ma-

roon, orange, with a bit of metallic green and

gray. There are also some white and olive feathers.

Two white patches, shaped like an ear, appear on

either side of the head. G. gallus can be distinguish

from other chickens not only by these white

patches, but also by the grayish feet. The red jun-

glefowl can measure up to 70 centimeters in

length. They have a total of fourteen tail feath-

ers. G. gallus rooster tails can be almost 28 centi-

meter in length.

Breeding: In the spring, at the onset of the breed-

ing season, each of the stronger cocks maintains a

territory with three to five hens . Young cocks live

isolated in twos and threes. Experiments shown

that females have the ability to retain or eject

sperm, and that they consistently retain the sperm

of the one or two dominant roosters in the group

and eject others. Hens produce typically four to

six, eggs per clutch, which are incubated for 18 to

20 days.

Feeding: G. gallus is an herbivore and insectivore.

Red jungle fowls eat corn, soybean, worms, grass,

and different kinds of grains found on the

ground.

Habitat: The wild species G. gallus lives in

thick secondary forest. In the morning or eve-

ning, the bird can be found in an open area by

wide earthen tracts or clearing, where the red

jungle fowl finds food. Sometimes G. gallus can

be seen in oil-palm estates.

Source:http://www.arkive.org/red-junglef owl/

gallus-gallus/image-G20688.html

Phylum Chordata

Class Aves

Order Galliformes

Family Phasianidae

Genus Gallus

Species Gallus gallus

C o m m o n

Names

Red Junglefowl

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Mammals

35

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37

38

39

v

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41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

The hairless bat is mostly hairless, but does have

short, bristly hairs around its neck, on its front

toes, and around the throat sac, along with fine

hairs on the head and tail membrane.

Habitat: Naked bats roost in hollow trees, caves,

buildings, rock crevices, and holes in the earth.

Feeding: C. torquatus is insectivorous. The diet

primarily consists of termites and other insects,

hunted either over clearings and fields or above

the forest canopy.

Reproduction: C. torquatus usually has two off-

spring. The mammal are positioned near the open-

ing of the pouch, which is present in both sexes

and runs along the sides of the body.

Source:ht tp:/ / lkcnhm.nus .edu .sg /nis /

bulletin2009/2009nis215-230.pdf

Interesting facts: A few others also appreciated

this bat as a “most remarkable species” and

“one of the most interesting of the Cheirop-

tera”. From a gastronomic perspective, these

bats have also been a source of food for certain

natives, including the Dayaks of Borneo and

the Jakun of Peninsular Malaysia.

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Chiroptera

Family Molossidae

Genus Cheiromeles

Species Cheiromeles tor-

quatus

Common name Hairless bat or

naked bat

52

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54

55

56

This macaque is characterized by its short,

„pig-like‟ tail, smaller in size and has compara-

tively short limbs and face. It possesses a rela-

tively long, uniformly agouti golden-brown

coat, with markings confined only to the

brown crown, buff-coloured cheek whiskers

and the red streak extending from the outer

corner of each eye. A distinct tuft of hair also

exists at the end of the tail.

Reproduction : Mating is initiated by the male,

whose courtship approach involves retracting

the ears and pushing the lips forward. Since

mates are usually familiar with each other

within a group, cercopithecines (guenons, ma-

caques and baboons) typically display only

minimal courtship behaviour, confined to sig-

nals that indicate an immediate readiness to

mate. The young offspring are nursed for 8 to

12 months. Juveniles reach sexual maturity at

around four years.

Feeding: diet mainly on fruits, seeds, young

leaves, buds, shoots, fungus and small animal.

This macaque also has a tendency to raid

crops such as corn, papaya, oil palm and grain,

earning it a reputation as a serious pest over

much of its range.

Habitat : This is a terrestrial animal. It is

diurnal and frugivorous. It occupies lowland

primary and secondary forest, as well as

coastal, swamp and mountainous forest. It

prefers dense rainforest at all elevations.

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Primates

Family Cercopithecidae

Genus Macaca

Species Macaca nemestrina

Common

Names

Southern pig-tailed macaque

Source: http://tkogut.zenfolio.com/p3464058

73/h29EE2636#h29ee2636

57

M. rajah is medium in size where the upperparts

are brown, darker in the midline, with numerous

stiff gray-brown spines. The underparts are white

with many short, white spines. The white color of

the underparts extend down in a narrow line to

the feet. Above the tail is brown, pale below and

thinly haired.

Habitat: This species is found in primary and dis-

turbed lowland evergreen tropical forest. It is not

present outside of forest areas. This species ranges

from Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and

Singapore to the islands of Sumatra, Borneo and

Java.

Source: http://www.arkive.org/rajah-spiny-rat/maxomys-rajah/

image-G89365.html

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Rodentia

Family Muridae

Genus Maxomys

Species Maxomys rajah

Common name Rajah spiny rat

Feeding: The species are omnivorous, feeding on

fallen fruits and other plants matter, as well as

insects and other invertebrates.

Reproduction: It is monogamous, with each

breeding pair occupying a home range that is

defended against other spiny rats.

58

It is a medium- sized rat. The fur is red-brown

and white-cream. It has spiny fur. The tail slightly

longer but nearly equal to the head and body

length; bicolored: dark above and white beneath.

The hind foot is long and narrow.

Habitat: Maxomys surifer occurs mostly in bushy

areas and sometimes in crops and old cassava

fields.

Feeding: The species are omnivorous, feeding on

fallen fruits and other plants matter, as well as in-

sects and other invertebrates.

Reproduction: Males and females have separate

territories. Males defend their burrows against

other males but females are less aggressive and

their territories frequently overlap.

Source: Ecology Asia from http://www.ecology

asia.com/verts/mammals/red-spiny-rat.htm Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Rodentia

Family Muridae

Genus Maxomys

Species Maxomys surifer

Common name Red spiny rat

Did you know?? Spiny rats play a critical role in the

health of the rainforest of Central and

South America by dispersing the seeds

from a wide variety of trees and other

forest plants through their excretion.

59

This species is large with short, velvety fur,

hence its name. On the head and back, the fur

is darkest, blackish brown in L. perspicillata.

The throat is pale, shading to a paler shade of

the dorsal colour on the belly. No spotting or

streaking is shown in this species. The final

half of the tail is markedly flattened, and the

feet are large, webbed to the last knuckle, with

short, sharp, strong claws. The skull is

rounded, with massive teeth and a short muz-

zle.

Reproduction: They are most likely to breed

between August and December. The gestation

period is 61-65 days. Smooth-coated otters give

birth to and raise their young in a burrow near

water, which they excavate, or tan abandoned

one. The cubs disperse at about 1 year of age.

Sexual maturity is reached at two years.

Feeding : Smooth-coated otters are omnivo-

rous and will eat insects, earthworms, crusta-

ceans, frogs, water rats, turtles, large birds,

and fish. Fish make up 75 to 100% of the diet.

A group of otters has a feeding territory of 7

to 12 square kilometers. A single adult con-

sumes about 1 kg of food per day in captiv-

ity. Habitat: In south-east Asia, rice fields appear to be

one of the most suitable habitats in supporting its viable

populations. But,, they were more abundant in the man-

groves of Kuala Gula, Malaysia.

Source: http:/ /www.belfastzoo.co.uk/web/

Mult imediaFiles/SMOOTH -COATE DOT-

TER4385_893.JPG

Phylum Chordata

Class Mammalia

Order Carnivora

Family Mustelidae

Genus Lutrogale

Species Lutrogale per-

spicillata

Common

Names

Smooth-Coated

Otter

60

Reptiles

61

62

63

64

65

66

Insect

67

The head of some species is produced into a hollow

process, resembling a snout, which is sometimes in-

flated and nearly as large as the body of the insect,

sometimes elongated, narrow and apically up-

turned. They are mostly of moderate to large size,

many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera

due to their brilliant and varied coloration. The

family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran

insects, usually abundant and diverse in the tropics,

containing over 125 genera worldwide.

Feeding: The lantern bugs feed on fruits and nectar.

It also feeds on plant sap.

Habitat: Rainforests of the world. In Malaysia, most

common areas where Lantern Bug can be found is

surrounding Sungai Enam areas in southern part of

Belum Valley.

Did you know?? Lantern bugs have a variety of

strange markings and extensions

to their snouts. Despite their

name, lantern flies do not emit

light!!

Phylum Arthropoda

Class Insecta

Order Carnivora

Family Fulgoridae

Genus Pyrops

Species Pyrops candelaria

68

Source: http://www.thefeaturedcreature.com/2

011/12/rudolph-red-nosed-lantern-bug.html

No. Taxa Order Species Common name

1 Aves Accipitriformes Nisaetus alboniger Spizaetus

alboniger

2 Aves Accipitriformes Nisaetus nanus Wallace's Hawk-

eagle

3 Aves Columbiformes Treron capellei Large-green

pigeon

4 Aves Coraciiformes Aceros corrugatus Wrinkle Hornbill

5 Aves Coraciiformes Aceros

subruficollis

Plain-pouched

Hornbill

6 Aves Coraciiformes Aceros undulatus Wreathed Hornbill

7

Aves Coraciiformes Alcedo euryzona Blue-banded

Kingfisher

8 Aves Coraciiformes Anorrhinus

galeritus

Bushy-crested

hornbill

9 Aves Coraciiformes Antharacoceros

albirostris

Oriental Pied

Hornbill

10 Aves Coraciiformes Anthracoceros

malayanus

Black Hornbill

11 Aves Coraciiformes Berenicornis

comatus

White-crowned

hornbill

12 Aves Coraciiformes Buceros bicornis Enggang Papan

13 Aves Coraciiformes Buceros rhinoceros Rhinoceros

Hornbill

14 Aves Coraciiformes Nyctyornis amictus Red-bearded Bee-

eater

15 Aves Coraciiformes Rhinoplax vigil Burung Tebang

Mentua/Burung

Torak

16 Aves Cuculiformes Centropus

rectunguis

Short-toed Coucal

17 Aves Falconiformes Microhierax

fringillarius

Black-thighed

falconets

18 Aves Galliformes Argusianus argus Great argus

APPENDIX 69

19 Aves Galliformes Gallus gallus Red Junglefowl

20 Aves Gruiformes Heliopais

personatus

Masked Finfoot

21 Aves Passeriformes Alcippe

brunneicauda

Brown fulvetta

22 Aves Passeriformes Macronus ptilosus Fluffy-backed Tit-

Babbler

23 Aves Passeriformes Malacocincla

malaccensis

Short-tailed

Babbler

24 Aves Passeriformes Oriolus

xanthonotus

Dark-throated

Oriole

25 Aves Passeriformes Pycnonotus

zeylanicus

Straw headed

Bulbul 26 Aves Passeriformes Stachyris

erythroptera

Chestnut-winged

babbler

27 Aves Passeriformes Stachyris maculata Chestnut-rumped

Babbler

28 Aves Piciformes Megalaima

henricii

Yellow- crowned

Barbet

29 Aves Trogoniformes Harpactes

duvaucelii

Scarlet-rumped

Trogon

30 Mammali

a

Artiodactyla Bos gaurus Gaur / Seladang

31 Mammali

a

Artiodactyla Rusa unicolor Sambar deer

32 Mammali

a

Carnivora Catopuma

temminckii

Asian Golden Cat

33 Mammali

a

Carnivora Cuon alpinus Dhole

34 Mammali

a

Carnivora Helarctos

malayanus

Malayan Sun

Bear

35 Mammali

a

Carnivora Lutrogale

perspicillata

Smooth-Coated

Otter

36 Mammali

a

Carnivora Panthera tigris

jacksoni

Malayan tiger

37 Mammali

a

Chiroptera Balionycteris

maculata

Spotted-winged

Fruit Bat

38 Mammali

a

Chiroptera Cheiromeles

torquatus

Hairless bat or

naked bat

70

39 Mammalia Chiroptera Dyacopterus

spadiceus

Dayak fruitbat

40 Mammalia Chiroptera Hipposideros

bicolor

Bicolored

Roundleaf Bat

41 Mammalia Chiroptera Kerivoula minuta Leaf forest bat

42 Mammalia Chiroptera Miniopterus

schreibersii

Schreiber‟s Bat

43 Mammalia Chiroptera Murina aenea Bronzed Tube-

Nose Bat

44 Mammalia Chiroptera Pteropus vampyrus Large flying fox

45 Mammalia Perissodactyl

a

Dicerorhinus

sumatrensis

Sumatran

rhinoceros

46 Mammalia Perissodactyl

a

Tapirus indicus Malayan Tapir

47 Mammalia Primates Hylobates agilis Sumatran Agile

Gibbon

48 Mammalia Primates Hylobates lar White-handed

Gibbon

49 Mammalia Primates Hylobates

syndactylus

Malayan Siamang

50 Mammalia Primates Macaca nemestrina Southern pig-tailed

macaque

51 Mammalia Primates Presbytis

melalophos

Mitred Leaf

Monkey

52 Mammalia Proboscidea Elephas maximus Asiatic elephant

53 Mammalia Rodentia Maxomys rajah Rajah spiny rat

54 Mammalia Rodentia Maxomys surifer Red spiny rat

55 Reptiles Testudines Amyda cartilaginea Southeast Asian

soft terrapin

56 Reptiles Testudines Cuora amboinensis Asian box turtle

57 Reptiles Testudines Heosemys spinosa Spiny turtle

58 Reptiles Testudines Manouria emys Asian tortoise

59 Reptiles Testudines Notochelys

platynota

Malayan flat-

shelled turtle

60 Insecta Carnivora Pyrops candelaria Lantern bug

71

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