Bone and Cartilage prsentation

8/12/2019 Bone and Cartilage prsentation

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BY: DR. JULIA B. BELTRAN, FPOGS, FPSA


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1. Under what type of fundamental tissue are the bones

and cartilages classified?

2. Give some characteristics of the bones and cartilages

3. Enumerate functions of the bones and cartilages


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OBJECTIVES

GENERAL: To know why the bones and cartilages are connective

tissue organs

SPECIFIC: 1. To identify the parenchyma of the bones and cartilages,

and their corresponding histological characteristics

2. To differentiate the bones and cartilages into their

subtypes

3. To understand the inter-relation of the bones and

cartilages in their growth and development4. To enumerate the functions of the bones and cartilages


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Connective tissue

1.CT cells

2.CT fibers3.Ground substance


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CARTILAGE

Semi-rigid

Ground substance (proteoglycansGAGs,

hyaluronic acid

central backbone) Collagen and elastic fibers > types of

cartilages

Chondroblasts / chondrocytes

Ground substance / matrix

Perichondrium


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Cartilage

Avascularlimits thickness

Cartilage canalsconvey blood

Growthinterstitial and appositional Distributionlimited; template for the bones

Functionssupport, gliding surface, bone

development


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HYALINE CARTILAGE

Most common and more distributions

Nose, larynx, trachea, articulations, ribs

Precursor of bones

Suspended growthinterstitial / appositional

Chondroblasts / chondrocytessingle/isogenous

grouping, lacuna

Matrixterritorial / inter-territorialType II collagen

Perichondrium


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Why is the hyaline cartilage

amorphous?

Same refractive index

Fine collagen fibrils

Abundant ground substance


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HYALINE CARTILAGE


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Elastic cartilage

Almost similar to hyaline cartilage

Elastic fibers > collagen fibers

Seen in: external ear, external auditory canal,epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages,

Eustachian tube


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Elastic cartilage


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FIBROCARTILAGE

Fibrous cartilagealternating layers of

collagen fibers and matrix

Chondrocytesrows, flat

Found: IV disc, symphysis pubis, articular

cartilages


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Intervertebral

Joints

Intervertebral Disc


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FIBROCARTILAGE


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BONES

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, (osteoprogenitor

cells), osteoclasts (macrophage-monocyte

line)

Osteoid - Type I collagen, Ca and PO4

Functions: mobility, Ca reservoir, support,

protection (internal organs/ blood

organ)


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Osteoblasts

Osteoid formation

Basophilic cytoplasm

Large nuclei

Large Golgi apparatus


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Osteoclasts

* Howships lacuna

Ruffled borders

Bone remodelling

Ca hemostasis

Parathormone (+)

Calcitonin ()


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BONES

TYPES: Compact and cancellous

FORMS: Woven and lamellar


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COMPACT BONE:

Haversian system:

1. Haversian canal

2. Osteocyte

3. Lacuna

4. Canaliculi

5. Concentric

lamellae6.Volkmans canal


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COMPACT BONES:


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CORTICAL

(COMPACT)BONE


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BONECortex and Trabecular


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Cancellous bone

Spongy bone

Medullary location

Bony trabeculae /spicules

Osteocytes,

endosteum

Bone marrow

cavity


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BONE MARROW:


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Woven & lamellar bones

Wovenrandom fibers;

immature

Lamellarparallel bands

of fibers


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Mineralisation

Of

Bone


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Bone matrix and mineralisation

Matrix - 70% inorganic (Ca, PO4, Mg, Na, K) 30%

organic (90% collagen, proteoglycans)

Hole zonesinitial site of deposition

Proteoglycanschondroitin SO4, hyaluronic

Non-collagenOsteocalcin (gla prt)Ca binding;

Osteonectin- collagen and mineral (sialoproteins)

bridge;

Matrix vesiclesfrom osteoblasts; pyrophosphatase

(-) & alkaline phosphatase (+)


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Bone development and growth

Endochondral ossificationlong bones,

vertebrae, pelvis and base of the skull -

cartilage bones

Intramembranous ossificationvault of the

skull,maxilla, mandiblemembrane bones

*** growth, thyroid and sex hormones


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IntramembranousOssification


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Endochondral

ossification:

-Permits functional

stresses

-Primary ossification center

(shaft)

-Secondary O.C.(epiphysis)


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EndochondralOssification


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Bone Remodelling & Repair:


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SynovialJoint


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TENON


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LONG BONE:


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BONY LAMELLA

Concentric

Interstitial

Inner circumferential / Endosteal Outer circumferential / periosteal

- Sharpeys fibers

- None: articular surfaces, insertions,subcapsular femoral neck


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PERIOSTEUM:


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PERIOSTEUM:


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EPIPHYSIS:


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EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATEZONES:

< Reserve cartilage

- hyaline cart, small clusters of

cells, moderately-stained matrix

< Proliferation

- mitosis,columns of cells,

strongly-stained matrix, proteoglycans

< Maturation

- no mitosis, hypertrophy

< Hypertrophy, Calcification- Htrophy, calcification, vacuolation

< Cartilage degeneration

- degeneration, invasion of lacuna

< Osteogenic

osteoblasts-

metaphysis


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Bone remodelling and repair

Blood clot > granulation tissue >

(mesenchymal cells to chondroblasts) >

hyaline cartilage (provisional callus) > (Ca

salts, osteoprogenitor cellswoven bone) >

bony callus > lamellar bone

Bony union

complete bridge


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Intramembranous ossification

Mesenchymal cells > osteoblasts (osteoid) >

centers of ossification > mineralisation >

Trapped osteoblasts (osteocytes) > surface

osteoprogenitor cells (mitosis) > fusion ofossification centers (bone) > woven >

lamellar


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Get sheet of paper


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1. Immature form of bonewoven

2. Initial site of bone depositionhole zone

3. Structural unit of compact boneHaversian

system4. Most common cartilagehyaline

5. Arrangement of chondrocytesisogenous

6. Osteogenic tissue of the bonesendosteum /

periosteum7. Type of collagen in collagenType II

8. Function of the cartilagesupport, protection,

gliding surface

9. Shape of the bone cellstellate

10. gives the hardness of the bones - hydoxyapatite


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1. Immature form of bone


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2. Initial site of bone deposition


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3. Structural unit of compact bone


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4. Most common cartilage


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5. Arrangement of chondrocytes


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6. Osteogenic tissue of the bones


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7. Type of collagen in collagen


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8. Function of the cartilage


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10. Gives the hardness of the bones


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Bone and Cartilage prsentation

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