BONDING
description
Transcript of BONDING
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Chemical bonds: an attempt to fill electron shells
1. Ionic bonds –
2. Covalent bonds –
3. Metallic bonds
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LET’SFIRSTREVIEWIONICBONDING
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In an IONIC bond,electrons are lost or gained,resulting in the formation of IONS
in ionic compounds.
FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK+ _
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FK+ _
The compound potassium fluorideconsists of potassium (K+) ions
and fluoride (F-) ions
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FK+ _
The ionic bond is the attractionbetween the positive K+ ion
and the negative F- ion
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Ionic Bonds: One Big Greedy Thief Dog!
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Sowhatarecovalentbonds?
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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
The shared electron pairis called a bonding pair
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Covalent =Sharing
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Cl2
Chlorineforms
acovalent
bondwithitself
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ClClHowwilltwochlorineatomsreact?
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ClClEach chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet
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ClClNeither atom will give up an electron –chlorine is highly electronegative.
What’s the solution – what can theydo to achieve an octet?
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ClCl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cloctet
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
octet
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the bonding pair
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is a single bonding pair
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is called a SINGLE BOND
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
Single bonds are abbreviatedwith a dash
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the chlorine molecule,
Cl2
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O2
Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules
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How will two oxygen atoms bond?
OO
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OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
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Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OOBoth electron pairs are shared.
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6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
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6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
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two bonding pairs,
OOmaking a double bond
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OO=For convenience, the double bond
can be shown as two dashes.
OO
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OO=This is the oxygen molecule,
O2
this is so
cool!!
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Bonds in all the polyatomic ions and diatomics are all
covalent bonds
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POLAR COVALENT BONDS
• when electrons are shared but shared unequally
H2O
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Polar Covalent Bonds: Unevenly matched, but willing to share.
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- water is a polar molecule because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, and therefore electrons are
pulled closer to oxygen.
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METALLIC BONDbond found in metals; holds metal atoms together very strongly
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Metallic Bond
• Formed between atoms of metallic elements• Electron cloud around atoms • Good conductors at all states, lustrous, very
high melting points• Examples; Na, Fe, Al, Au, Co
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Metallic Bonds: Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around.
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Ionic Bond, A Sea of Electrons
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Metals Form Alloys
• Metals do not combine with metals. They form • Alloys which is a solution of a metal in a metal.• Examples are steel, brass, bronze and pewter.
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