Bond TypesBond Types

Bond Types:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:

1. Identify 5 different bond types2. Explain each bond type3. List 3 differences between a polar

covalent and non-polar covalent bond

What is a bond?What is a bond?

Electrical attraction between Electrical attraction between nucleus of one atom and valence nucleus of one atom and valence electrons of a different atomelectrons of a different atom

Ionic BondsIonic Bonds

TransferTransfer of electrons from of electrons from the the metalmetal (cation) to the (cation) to the nonmetalnonmetal (anion). (anion).

Electrical attraction Electrical attraction between large numbers of between large numbers of cations and anionscations and anions

Ion =Ion = a charged particle a charged particle

CationCation

Cation = + charged particleCation = + charged particle–Loves to give electrons Loves to give electrons awayaway

–Low Ionization Energy, Low Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity & Electron Affinity & ElectronegativityElectronegativity

–Typically are metalsTypically are metals

Ionic Bonds (cont.)Ionic Bonds (cont.)

Anion = - charged particleAnion = - charged particle–Loves to accept electronsLoves to accept electrons–High Ionization Energy, High Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity & Electron Affinity & ElectronegativityElectronegativity

–Typically are nonmetalsTypically are nonmetals

Ionic Bonds (cont.)Ionic Bonds (cont.)

Ionic Compounds are polar Ionic bonds fall apart (dissociate) fall apart (dissociate)

in water in water – Fall apart into cations and anionsFall apart into cations and anions – Will conduct electricityWill conduct electricity

Electronegativity difference 1.8-4Electronegativity difference 1.8-4

Max value is 4 (Fluorine)Max value is 4 (Fluorine)

Ionic Bonds (cont.)Ionic Bonds (cont.)

Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds

Formed when 2 Formed when 2 nonmetalnonmetal atoms atoms shareshare electronselectrons

PolarPolar Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds

UnequalUnequal sharing of electronssharing of electrons

Polar Covalent BondsPolar Covalent Bonds

Electrons attracted more to the atom with the higher electronegativityEN difference range >0.3 – 1.7 Polar Covalent Bonds

dissolve in waterDon’t fall apart into ionsNo conductivity

Non-polarNon-polar Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds

Equal sharing of electrons

EN difference is (0 – 0.3)

Non-polar Covalent BondsNon-polar Covalent Bonds

Usually found between diatomic molecules – two of the same atoms

Non-polar covalent bonds don’t dissolve in water and no conductivity.

Can be a solid, liquid or gas

Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds

Bond formed between Bond formed between metalmetal atoms. atoms. Larger outer electron shells-which Larger outer electron shells-which

overlapoverlap Electrons are free to move within Electrons are free to move within

electron clouds of all metal ions = electron clouds of all metal ions =

Sea of ElectronsSea of Electrons Electrons are Electrons are delocalizeddelocalized – they don – they don’’t t

belong to any one atom anymore. belong to any one atom anymore.

Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds

Bond Types:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:

1. Identify 2 intermolecular bond types2. Explain each bond type

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds

IntermolecularIntermolecular bond bond – attraction – attraction between 2 different moleculesbetween 2 different molecules

The The hydrogen atom hydrogen atom that is bonded to that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is a highly electronegative atom is attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another electronegative atom in a different molecule

H is usually bonded to F, O, or N in a molecule and attracted to F, O, or N in a different molecule

This is a weak bond

Hydrogen Bond Example:Hydrogen Bond Example:

Van der Waals BondsVan der Waals Bonds

These bonds can contain These bonds can contain Noble Noble GasesGases

Very Very weakweak bonds bonds Electrons of Electrons of largelarge Noble Gases get Noble Gases get

shifted to one side because of the shifted to one side because of the constant movement of electronsconstant movement of electrons

This causes it to attract a slightly This causes it to attract a slightly positive atom that is nearby.positive atom that is nearby.

Van der Waals Bond Example:Van der Waals Bond Example:

What type of bond contains an active metal (far left) and a

nonmetal?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. metallicmetallic

2.2. covalentcovalent

3.3. ionicionic

4.4. hydrogenhydrogen

What type of bond contains a nonmetal bonded with a nonmetal?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1. metallic2. covalent3. ionic4. hydrogen

What type of bond would form the alloy, pewter, with tin and lead?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

1.1. metallicmetallic

2.2. covalentcovalent

3.3. ionicionic

4.4. hydrogenhydrogen

5.5. Vander der WallsVander der Walls

What type of bond would form when What type of bond would form when a hydrogen atom in the molecule is a hydrogen atom in the molecule is

attracted to the unshared pair of attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another molecule?electrons on another molecule?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

1.1. metallicmetallic

2.2. covalentcovalent

3.3. ionicionic

4.4. hydrogenhydrogen

5.5. Vander der WaalsVander der Waals

N2 is an example of a(n) ___ bond?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. metallicmetallic

2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent

3.3. ionicionic

4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent

N3- is a(n)?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1. anion2. cation3. diatomic molecule4. polyatomic ion

Na+ is a(n)?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1. anion2. cation3. diatomic molecule4. polyatomic ion

CsCl is an example of a(n) ___ bond?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. metallicmetallic

2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent

3.3. ionicionic

4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent

Fe with Cr is an example of a(n) ___ bond?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. metallicmetallic

2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent

3.3. ionicionic

4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent

H2O is an example of a(n) ___ bond?

1. 2. 3. 4.

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. metallicmetallic

2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent

3.3. ionicionic

4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent