BOLE Activity Booklet
-
Upload
benedict-lee -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.335 -
download
2
Transcript of BOLE Activity Booklet
@ MacRitchie
Name: Class:
Contents
IntroductionHistory of MacRitchieNavigate MacRitchieFeatures of MacRitchieWater WatchBiodiversity – PlantsBiodiversity – MammalsBiodiversity – ReptilesBiodiversity – InsectsBiodiversity – BirdsBiodiversity - OthersRate the ImpactImportance of MacRitchieReflectionsMy Notes
123579101112131415171819
© Project BOLE 2011
IntroductionWhat comes to your mind when you think of Biodiversity? Giraffes and elephants on the African Plains? Penguins and seals of the Antarctic Ocean? Do you know that there are also some amazing animals and plants in Singapore beyond the zoo? Today, you would be experiencing Singapore’s natural heritage firsthand at our first reservoir, MacRitchie Reservoir.
What you would learn about today?
BOLE
History and Features of MacRitchie
Quality and Importance of
Water
Biodiversity and
ConservationHuman Impact on MacRitchie
1
History of MacRitchie
Before 1867
• J. T. Thomson proposed the construction of a reservoir
• Funds were brought in
1867
• Reservoir was completed• Called Impounding Reservoir• Renamed Thomson Road Reservoir
later
1877• Supporting pumps and distributing network
completed
Early 1890s
• Reservoir expanded• Project supervised by Municipal Engineer
James MacRitchie• Reservoir later renamed MacRitchie
Reservoir to recognize his contributions
Why do you think the reservoir had to be expanded in the early 1890s? (Hint: As the years past, what happened to the number of people in Singapore?)
2
Navigate MacRitchie
Which one is MacRitchie?
N
What does the shape of MacRitchie look like to you?
3
Navigate MacRitchie
4
This would be where we would be trekking for the nature trail later on. We would start at Prunus Trail, going on to Petai, then we would turn back after a rest at Petai Hut.
Features of MacRitchie
Forest ReserveThe reserve is home to more than 500 fauna species and countless flora species and covers an area of about 3043 hectares.
The ReservoirConstructed in 1867, it contributed to Singapore’s water supply with its water’s cleanliness maintained through biofiltration, where the forest cleanses the water.
Dam and Draw-off Tower Impound and retain water within its structure, and collect water.
5
Features of MacRitchie
BoardwalkServes as a non-destructive footpath to the forest reserve, and brings visitors closer to nature.
Amenities CentreServes as an information to house information about MacRitchie, also contains a café for visitors to meet up with one another and catch up over a meal of coffee
Public Recreation FacilitiesIncludes fishing areas, kayak lanes, fitness stations and more for the public to promote public recreation there.
6
Water WatchWhat is the water quality like in MacRitchie Reservoir? Let’s use some
water monitoring methods to find out.
SMELLSince pure potable (drinkable) water has no smell, the smell of the collected water will tell you if it’s polluted. For example, if you smell oil, there might have been an oil spill.
What do you smell? What can you see? CONCLUSION
COLOURSince pure potable water is colourless, the colour of the water can tell us if there are bacteria, pollutants or algae in the water. Note that coloured water does not necessarily mean pollution.
What is the colour?Murky Brown Clear and Brown
CONCLUSION Clear and GreenMurky Black/Grey
CLARITY OF WATER
Clarity is the level of murkiness in the water, how clear is the water, which affects the amount of sunlight passing through it, which would affect the growth of aquatic plants.
Which is the faintest number you can on the turbidity disc?1 2 3 4 5
CONCLUSION
7
TEMPERATURETemperature changes with the weather and depth. Different temperature support different types of organisms.
What is the temperature of the water?
CONCLUSION
OTHER INDICATORS
Additional Information
Other indicators of water quality include
pH The level of acidity of the water. If water is too acidic (like lemons or vinegar) or too alkaline (like soap or bleach), fishes will die.
Dissolved oxygenThe amount of oxygen in the water. If the amount of oxygen is too low, fishes will die. 4 milligrams per liter (4mg/l) is the minimum amount of oxygen needed to support fish life.
________ oc
CONCLUSION: Overall Water Quality is
Generally Good Poor Cannot conclude
8
PlantsSilent but nonetheless amazing
Characteristics:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did you know:Our native rattan has the longest stem of all plants.
Fan Palm
Hydrilla
Singapore Rhododendron
Golden Hairy Fig
TembusuTree
Rattan
9
Sunda Pangolin
Slender Squirrel
Colugo Plantain Squirrel
MammalsConquerors of the land, sea
and sky
Characteristics:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did you know:Two mammalian species called monotremes lay
eggs. Can you name them?Common Palm Civet
Long-tailed Macaque
10
ReptilesRulers of the Dry
Characteristics:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did you know:Reptiles evolved from
amphibians, and the first reptile was Hylonomus.
Common Sun Skink
Malayan Water Monitor Red-eared Slider
Oriental Whip Snake Clouded
Monitor
Changeable Lizard
Green Crested Lizard
Common Flying Dragon
11
InsectsSmall in size,
gigantic in variety
Characteristics:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did you know:Beetles are the most
diverse organisms of all, with over 350000 species
identified so far.
Common Blue Sprite Damselfly
Carpenter Bee
Red Darter Dragonfly
Micropezid Fly
Common Forest Cricket
Common Posy Butterfly
Malayan Eggfly
12
BirdsMasters of the Skies
Characteristics:________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did you know:Singapore’s national bird is the Crimson
Sunbird, not the hummingbird.
Magpie Robin
White-breasted Waterhen Little Heron
Collared Kingfisher
White-throated Kingfisher
Common Striped Tit Babbler
Greater Racket-tailed Drongo
White-bellied Sea Eagle
13
OthersStill more …
Did you know:While there are estimated to be over 1.5
million species of fungi, we only know about 0.075 million up to 2010. There’s still so much more to learn and discover
about Biodiversity.
Field Frog
Javanese RicefishPond Wolf Spider
Fungi Common Striped Scorpion
Common Tree Frog
14
Red Millipede
Rate the ImpactHuman Activities in the Reserve impact the environment in one way or
another. Observe the human activities at MacRitchie Reservoir and determine their impacts, and whether they are good or bad to the
environment.
Visitors Impacts Why?
Canoeists Positive Negative Depends
Joggers Positive Negative Depends
Fishermen Positive Negative Depends
15
Rate the Impact
Others Impacts Why?
Overall Rating of Human impact on MacRitchie Reservoir
High Low Cannot Conclude
___________________________________________________
How does human activity affect the water and Biodiversity?
16
Importance of MacRitchie Reservoir
Why is this beautiful nature sanctuary so important to us?
People (Community)
Water (Hydrology)
Environment(Ecology)
What can you do to ensure that MacRitchie remains healthy?
17
What can you do to conserve Biodiversity?
What can you and your family do at home to conserve water?
ReflectionsWhat have you learnt through this programme?
What can you do to conserve Biodiversity and water?
How can you and your friends do to help keep our nature reserves clean?
18
MY NOTES
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
19
Bibliography
Microsoft ClipArtPage 3 MacRitchie Map - Running Alck http://www.alck.org/blog/?p=907Page 6 Amenities Centre – Urban Forest http://uforest.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.htmlPage 6 Boardwalk – Panoramio http://www.panoramio.com/photo/31371421Page 6 Kayaking – A Walk across the Giant http://hikethegiant.blogspot.com/2011/02/macritchie-
reservoir-park-singapore.htmlPage 10 Colugo – National Parks http://www.nparks.gov.sg/cms/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=1908Page 10 Common Palm Civet – Blue Planet Biomes
http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/common_palm_civet.htmPage 10 Plantain Squirrel - Into the Wild http://intothewildsingapore.blogspot.com/2010/08/plantain-
squirrel.htmlPage 10 Slender Squirrel, Page 14 Javanese Ricefish - Ecology Asia http://www.ecologyasia.com/Page 10 Sunda Pangolin – Mongabay http://news.mongabay.com/2008/1015-hance_pangolin.htmlPage 11 Oriental Whip Snake – flickriver http://www.flickriver.com/photos/indulgences/3230745151/Page 11 Green Crested Lizard - The Tide Chaser http://tidechaser.blogspot.com/2010/03/another-great-
trip-at-sungei-buloh-14.htmlPage 11 Common Flying Dragon, Page 14 Field Frog – Wildlife Singapore http://www.wildsingapore.per.sg/Page 12 Carpenter Bee – Narragansett Pest Control http://narragansettpestcontrol.com/?page_id=100Page 12 Common Blue Sprite Dragonfly – Nature Photography
http://sayhitoant.blogspot.com/2009_02_01_archive.htmlPage 12 Malayan Eggfly – Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/limwy/4869531680/Page 13 White-throated Kingfisher – Oriental Bird Images
http://orientalbirdimages.org/photographers.php?p=127&action=birderimages&Bird_Image_ID=23252&Birder_ID=511
Page 13 Collared Kingfisher – Dig Deep http://digdeep1962.blogspot.com/2009/04/27th-march-2009-kapar-power-station.html
Page 13 White-breasted Waterhen – Birds of India http://www.kolkatabirds.com/cranes.htmPage 13 Little Heron – Journey into the World of Birding
http://yadz76.blogspot.com/2009_04_01_archive.htmlPage 13 Common Striped-tit Babbler – Nature Pixels http://www.naturepixels.org/blog/Page 13 Greater Racket-tailed Drongo – Animal Photo Album
http://www.animalpicturesarchive.com/view.php?tid=3&did=27456Page 13 White-bellied Sea Eagle – The Birds of Singapore http://singaporebirds.net/npassers_04/white-
bellied_sea_eagle.htmlPage 14 Common Tree Frog – Creatures of the Wild http://praying-mantis101.blogspot.com/2009/04/four-
lined-tree-frog.htmlPage 14 Red Millipede – Sg Wild Animals http://sgwildanimals.fortunecity.com/arthropods/millipedes.htmlPage 14 Common Striped Scorpion – Scorpions in Singapore
http://members.tripod.com/c_kianwee/local.htmPage 14 Pond Wolf Spider – Filickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/allanlee/2770221546/Background – Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:River_in_the_Amazon_rainforest.jpg
Acknowledgements
National Parks Board
Hwa Chong Institution
Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters for All Learning Trail @MacRitchie Lower Secondary Activity Booklet
Public Utilities Board – the national water agency
All External Sources of Photographs and Information These pictures are only used for education and not commercial purposes. All the other pictures
belong to Project BOLE.
Project BOLEBiodiversity Outdoor Learning Experience
http://www.wix.com/projectbole/projectbole
About BOLE
The literal meaning of the word ‘Bole’ in the dictionary would be the trunk of a tree. However, in the context of our programme, it stands for “Biodiversity Outdoor Learning Experience”.
Why BOLE?
Biodiversity is about all life under the Sun, as well as a crucial topic in the current Primary 3 Science curriculum. However, students are taught this topic mostly through the traditional textbook-style of learning within the limitations and restrictions of the school compound, and very few interaction chances with any sort of biodiversity. Also, many students are unaware of the rich biodiversity we have here in Singapore. With rapid urbanization and technological advancements of this small and concentrated business centre, many assume that the only “Biodiversity” we own is in the zoos. Through BOLE, students can learn about Biodiversity through experiential learning and activities with relevance to their curriculum, and at the same time be informed of Singapore’s natural heritage and spread the word of conservation.
Project BOLEHwa Chong Institution