Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies
-
Upload
danube-university-krems-centre-for-e-governance -
Category
Technology
-
view
627 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies
![Page 1: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies
Bojan Cestnik 1, 2 Alenka Kern 3
1 Temida d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
3 The Housing Fund of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
![Page 2: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Talk outline � Motivation and introduction � Case studies ◦ CeDEM 2011 papers topic ontology ◦ Temporal focus shift of topics ◦ Outlier documents detection – search for innovative leap of
ideas � Conclusions and further work
![Page 3: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Motivation I � Hypothesis: tools like
� text exploration, � document clustering, and � literature mining ◦ have a potential to support the process of innovative problem
solving � in e-government domain ◦ by bridging information from different disciplines
� Source: E-Government Reference Library (EGRL) ◦ 4.674 peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade
![Page 4: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Motivation II � Creativity is a universal virtue � Two kinds of creativity (G.A. Wiggins, 2012) ◦ Spontaneous creativity (ideas appear spontaneous in
consciousness) � e.g. Mozart: „When I am, as it were, completely myself, entirely
alone, and of good cheer – say traveling in a carriage, or walking after a good meal, or during the night when I cannot sleep; it is on such occasions that my ideas flow best and most abundantly.“ (Holmes, 2009, p. 315)
◦ Creative reasoning � The composer working to build a new version of a TV theme, on
schedule and with constraints on „acceptable style“
� The computer software is the tool, the user is the creator � Computational Creativity as an emerging field
![Page 5: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Motivation III � Increasing number of documents within all areas of human
expertize � Difficult to follow the progress even in a single specific area � Innovative behavior is related to the comprehension of a particular
field
![Page 6: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Literature mining � Technologies: ◦ Associative retrieval based on simple keywords ◦ Inductive pattern search ◦ Novelty: cross-context search incorporating scientific theories
and models � Knowledge discovery process involves: ◦ Mining dynamic data streams ◦ Incrementally updating existing models and theories
� Observation: vast majority of the mappings between scientific models and theories has been carried out exclusively by the human scientists
![Page 7: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Case studies � First study: CeDEM 2011 topic ontology � Source: E-Government library (Scholl, 2012) � Second study: explore temporal focus shift, compare focus shifts of
titles and abstracts � Third study: outlier documents detection – rare and worthwhile
for additional exploration since they might contribute to creative leap of ideas
![Page 8: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CeDEM 2011 papers
![Page 9: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
E-Government library (Scholl, 2012)
Titles Abstracts Publication year Number % Number % 2002 and before 515 11,0 281 10,3 2003-2004 706 15,1 479 17,5 2005-2006 813 17,4 331 12,1 2007-2008 938 20,1 500 18,3 2009 679 14,5 427 15,6 2010 637 13,6 420 15,3 2011 386 8,3 301 11,0 Total 4.674 100,0 2.739 100,0
![Page 10: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Focus shift through time – titles
![Page 11: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Motivation IV � Help experts in cross-domain discovery of new previously unknown
relations by supporting bisociative discovery � Bisociation: ◦ Term coined by Arthur Koestler, The act of creation, 1964 ◦ Bisociation is "any mental occurrence simultaneously associated
with two habitually incomparable contexts“ - Koestler considered it the essential mechanism of the creative process ◦ The goal of FP7 EU Project BISON (Bisociation Networks for
Creative Information Discovery): explore the concept of bisociative discovery using graph-based data mining
� When we all think alike, no one thinks very much (A. Einstein)
![Page 12: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Outlier documents detection innovative, technology, service, adopted, creativity, local, citizens, applications, diffusion, challenges
management, studies, discuss, relationship, effectiveness, presented, proposes, security, offer, framework
E-Goverment library
documents
sim
ilarit
y
![Page 13: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Document clustering � Outliers: good candidates to search for relations between concepts
![Page 14: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
An example of bisociation
Dr. Lawrence J. Fogel
![Page 15: Bojan Cestnik, Alenka Kern, Refining public sector services by applying innovative technologies](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051411/547ca63cb479597f508b4714/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conclusions � Presented case studies explore technological possibilities for
supporting creative processes in public sector � Ontologies can be used for studying temporal focus shift within a
given domain � Experts can use document clustering and similarity measures to
support cross-domain discovery of new previously unknown relations (bisociative discovery)