Boeing 737 Next Generation

The Boeing 737 Next Generation, commonly abbreviated as Boeing 737NG, is the name given to the -600/-700/-800/-900 series of the Boeing 737 after the introduction of the -300/-400/-500 Classic series. They are short- to medium-range, narrow-body jet airliners. Produced since 1996 by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, 3,528 737NG aircraft have been delivered as of January 2011.

Design and developmentBackgroundPrompted by the modern Airbus A320, which incorporates ground-breaking technologies such as fly-by-wire and side-stick controls, Boeing in 1991 initiated development of an updated series of aircraft.After working with potential customers, the 737 Next Generation (NG) program was announced on November 17, 1993.The 737NG encompasses the -600, -700, -800 and -900, and is to date the most significant upgrade of the airframe. The performance of the 737NG is essentially that of a new airplane, but important commonality is retained from previous 737. The wing was modified, increasing its area by 25% and span by 16 ft (4.88 m), which increased the total fuel capacity by 30%. New quieter more fuel-efficient CFM56-7B engines were used.These improvements combine to increase the 737's range by 900 nmi, permitting transcontinental service. A flight test program was operated by 10 aircraft; 3 -600s, 4 -700s, and 3 -800s.

Design effortIn terms of the passenger cabin, the new style interior on the 737 Next Generation improved on the previous style interior used on the Boeing 757-200 and the Boeing 737 Classic by incorporating select features of the 777-style interior, most noticeably larger, more rounded overhead bins and curved ceiling panels. The interior of the 737 Next Generation also became the standard interior on the Boeing 757-300.

Production and testingThe first NG to roll out was a -700, on December 8, 1996. This aircraft, the 2,843rd 737 built, first flew on February 9, 1997 with pilots Mike Hewett and Ken Higgins. The prototype -800 rolled out on June 30, 1997 and first flew on July 31, 1997, piloted by Jim McRoberts and again by Hewett. The smallest of the new variants, the -600 series, is identical in size to the -500 and was the last 737NG, launching in December 1997 with an initial flight occurring January 22, 1998; it was granted FAA certification on August 18, 1998

Entry into serviceIn 2004, Boeing offered a Short Field Performance package in response to the needs of Gol Transportes Areos, who frequently operate from restricted airports. The enhancements improve takeoff and landing performance. The optional package is available for the 737NG models and standard equipment for the 737-900ER. In July 2008, Boeing offered Messier-Bugatti's new carbon brakes for the Next-Gen 737s, which are intended to replace steel brakes and will reduce the weight of the brake package by 550700 pounds (250320 kg) depending on whether standard or high-capacity steel brakes were fitted. A weight reduction of 700 pounds (320 kg) on a Boeing 737-800 results in 0.5% reduction in fuel burn.Delta Air Lines received the first Next-Gen 737 model with this brake package, a 737-700, at the end of July 2008. On August 21, 2006, Sky News alleged that Boeing's Next Generation 737s built from 1994 to 2002 contained defective parts. The report stated that various parts of the airframe produced by Ducommun were found to be defective by Boeing employees but that Boeing refused to take action. Boeing said that the allegations were "without merit".However, a one year investigation by Al Jazeera's People & Power series in 2010 questions the safety of some structural parts in 737s. Boeing has already hinted that a "clean sheet" replacement for the 737 (internally dubbed "Boeing Y1") could follow the Boeing 787.Boeing is also considering putting new engines on the 737, to make the model stay competitive. Boeing is planning to increase monthly 737 production from 31.5 to 35 per month in 2012, and 38 per month in 2013.

737-600The 737-600 is the direct replacement of the 737-500 and competes with the A318. This is the only Boeing 737 still in production that does not include winglets as an option.[13] WestJet was to be the Boeing launch customer for the 737-600 winglets, but announced in their Q2 2006 results that they were not going to move ahead with those plans. The 737600 was launched by Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) in 1995 with the first aircraft delivered on September 18, 1998. A total of 69 -600s have been delivered.

737-700The 737-700 was the first of Next Generation series when launch customer Southwest Airlines ordered the variant in November 1993. The variant was based on the 737-300 and entered service in 1998.It replaced the 737-300 in Boeing's lineup, and its direct competitor is the A319. It typically seats 137 passengers in a two-class cabin or 149 in all-economy configuration. The 737-700C is a convertible version where the seats can be removed from the plane to carry cargo. There is a large door on the left side of the aircraft. The United States Navy was the launch customer for the 737-700C under the military designation C-40 Clipper.

A Scandinavian Airlines System 737600

A Astraeus Airlines 737700

737-700ER Boeing launched the 737-700ER on January 31, 2006.All Nippon Airways is the launch customer, with the first one of five 737-700ERs delivered on February 16, 2007. The 737700ER is a mainline passenger version of the BBJ1 and 737-700IGW. It combines the 737700 fuselage with the wings and landing gear of a 737-800. It will offer a range of 5,510 nautical miles (10,200 km), with seating for 126 passengers in a traditional two-class configuration.A competitor to this model would be the A319LR. The 737-700ER has the second longest range for a 737 after the BBJ2. The 737-700ER is inspired by the Boeing Business Jet and is designed for long-range commercial applications. All Nippon Airways, Japans second biggest carrier, is to pioneer the model in Asia with a daily service between Tokyo and Mumbai. ANAs service, believed to be the first allbusiness class route connecting to a developing country, was to start in September 2007 and use a Boeing 737-700ERs outfitted with 38 (38 Club ANA) and 48 (24 Club ANA/24 Economy) in four-across seats configuration and an extra fuel tank.[18] A total of 1,048 -700, 106 -700 BBJ, and 14 -700C aircraft have been delivered as of January 2011.[1]

737-800The 737-800 is a stretched version of the 737-700, and replaces the 737-400. It also filled the gap left by the decision to discontinue the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 following Boeing's merger with McDonnell Douglas. The -800 was launched by HapagLloyd Flug (now TUIfly) in 1994 and entered service in 1998. The 737-800 seats 162 passengers in a two-class layout, or 189 in one class, and competes with the A320. For many airlines in the U.S., the 737-800 replaced aging Boeing 727-200 trijets. An Air Berlin 737-800 The 737-800 is also among the models replacing the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD90 series aircraft in airline service; it burns 850 US gallons (3,200 L) of jet fuel per hour, or about 80% of the fuel needed by an MD-80 on a comparable flight, even while carrying more passengers than the latter.According to the Airline Monitor, an industry publication, a 737-800 burns 4.88 US gallons (18.5 L) of fuel per seat per hour.Alaska Airlines replaced the MD-80 with the 737-800, saving $2,000 per flight, assuming jet fuel prices of $4 per gallon. The fuel cost of each such flight (2008 prices) on a 737-800 is about $8,500.00. On 14 August 2008, American Airlines announced 26 orders for the 737-800 (20 are exercised options from previously signed contracts and six are new incremental orders) as well as accelerated deliveries.A total of 2,135 -800, and 16 -800 BBJ aircraft have been delivered with 1,521 unfilled orders as of January 2011.[1] Ryanair, a European low-cost airline is one of the largest operators of the Boeing 737-800, with a fleet of over 250 aircraft serving more than 1,000 routes across Europe and North Africa.

A Malaysia Airlines Boeing 737800

An Air Berlin 737800

A Ryanair 737800

737-900Boeing later introduced the 737-900, the longest variant to date. Because the -900 retains the same exit configuration of the -800, seating capacity is limited to 177 seats in two classes, or 189 in a single-class layout. Alaska Airlines launched the 737-900 in 1997 and accepted delivery on May 15, 2001. The 737-900 also retains the MTOW and fuel capacity of the -800, trading range for payload. These shortcomings until recently prevented the 737900 from effectively competing with the Airbus A321.

A Boeing prototype 737-900

737-900ERThe 737-900ER, which was called the 737-900X prior to launch, is the newest addition and the largest variant of the Boeing 737 line and was introduced to meet the range and passenger capacity of the discontinued 757-200 and to directly compete with the Airbus A321. An additional pair of exit doors and a flat rear pressure bulkhead increase seating capacity to 180 passengers in a 2-class configuration or 215 passengers in a single-class layout. Additional fuel capacity and standard winglets improve range to that of other 737NG variants. The first 737-900ER was rolled out of the Renton, Washington factory on August 8, 2006 for its launch customer, Lion Air. Lion Air received this aircraft on April 27, 2007 in a special dual paint scheme combining the Lion Air lion on the vertical stabilizer and the Boeing livery colors on the fuselage. As of November 2009, Lion Air has orders for 156 B737-900ERs. A total of 52 -900s, 82 -900ERs, and 6 -900 BBJs have been delivered with 183 unfilled orders as of January 2011.

A Lion Air 737900ER

A Continental Airlines Boeing 737-900ER

A Sky Airlines Boeing 737-900ER

Military models Boeing 737 AEW&CThe Boeing 737 AEW&C is a 737-700IGW roughly similar to the 737-700ER. This is an Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) version of the 737NG. Australia is the first customer (as Project Wedgetail), followed by Turkey and South Korea.

C-40 ClipperThe C-40A Clipper is a 737-700C used by the U.S. Navy as a replacement for the C-9B Skytrain II. The C-40B and C-40C are used by the US Air Force for transport of Generals and other senior leaders.

P-8 Poseidon. The P-8 Poseidon is a 737-800ERX ("Extended Range") that, on June 14, 2004, was selected to replace the Lockheed P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft.[23] The P-8 is unique in that it has 767-400ER-style raked wingtips, instead of the blended winglets available on 737NG variants.

Boeing Business JetPlans for a business jet version of the 737 are not new. In the late 1980s, Boeing marketed the Boeing 77-33 jet, a business jet version of the 737-300.[24] The name was short-lived. After the introduction of the next generation series, Boeing introduced the Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) series. The BBJ1 was similar in dimensions to the 737-700 but had additional features, including stronger wings and landing gear from the 737-800, and has increased range (through the use of extra fuel tanks) over the other 737 models. The first BBJ rolled out on August 11, 1998 and flew for the first time on September 4.[25] On October 11, 1999 Boeing launched the BBJ2. Based on the 737-800, it is 5.84 m (19 ft 2 in) longer than the BBJ, with 25% more cabin space and twice the baggage space, but has slightly reduced range. It is also fitted with auxiliary belly fuel tanks and winglets. The first BBJ2 was delivered on February 28, 2001.[25]

OperatorsAs of July 2010, 3,119 Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft were in commercial service. This includes 62 -600s, 1,019 -700s, 1,915 -800s and 123 -900s

Orders and deliveries

Notable accidents and incidents* December 8, 2005, Southwest Airlines Flight 1248, a 737-700, skidded off a runway upon landing at Chicago Midway International Airport in heavy snow conditions. A six-year old boy died in a car struck by the airliner after it skidded into a street. Passengers on board the aircraft and on the ground reported several minor injuries. The aircraft involved, N471WN, became N286WN after repairs. * On September 29, 2006, Gol Transportes Areos Flight 1907, a 737-800 Brazilian airliner with 154 people on board crashed following a midair collision with an Embraer Legacy 600. All on board the 737-800 were killed. The Legacy landed safely at a Brazilian Air Force Base. * On May 5, 2007, Kenya Airways Flight 507, a 737-800 carrying 105 passengers and nine crew lost contact and crashed into a swamp on a flight to Nairobi, Kenya from Abidjan, Ivory Coast, after making a scheduled stop at Douala, Cameroon. There were no survivors. * On August 20, 2007, China Airlines Flight 120, a Boeing 737-800 inbound from Taipei, caught fire shortly after landing at Naha Airport in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. There were no fatalities. Following this incident, the FAA issued an Emergency Airworthiness Directive (EAD) on August 25 ordering inspection of all Boeing 737NG series aircraft for loose components in the wing leading edge slats within 24 days. On 28 August, after initial reports from these inspections, the FAA issued a further EAD requiring a detailed or borescope inspection within 10 days, and an explicit tightening of a nut-and-bolt assembly within 24 days.

* On November 10, 2008, Ryanair Flight 4102, a Boeing 737-800 from FrankfurtHahn suffered substantial damage in an emergency landing at Ciampino Airport, Rome. The cause of the accident was stated to be birdstrikes affecting both engines. The port undercarriage of the 737 collapsed.The aircraft involved was Boeing 737-8AS EI-DYG (c/n33639, msn 2557). There were six crew and 166 passengers on board. Two crew and eight passengers were taken to hospital with minor injuries.As well as damage to the engines and undercarriage, the rear fuselage was also damaged by contact with the runway. * On February 25, 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800 coming from Istanbul, crashed during a landing and impacted into a field near the Polderbaan at Schiphol airport, Amsterdam. The fuselage broke into three pieces after the crash and the engine pylons separated. Of the 135 passengers and crew, there were nine fatalities: five passengers and four crew members (including both pilots and a pilot-intraining), and 84 people suffered injuries. Preliminary crash investigations focused on a malfunctioning left radio altimeter, which may have resulted in false altitude information causing the autothrottle to reduce power. * On December 22, 2009 an American Airlines Flight 331, a Boeing 737-823, from Miami International Airport overran the runway at Norman Manley International Airport, Kingston, Jamaica. All on board survived. * On January 25, 2010, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409, a 737-800, crashed into the Mediterranean Sea shortly after take-off from Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport. The flight had 90 passengers and 8 crew, 50 passengers of which were Lebanese, and was bound for the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa. There were no survivors.

* On August 16, 2010, AIRES Flight 8250, a 737-700, crashed and split into three pieces on the Colombian island of San Andres. There was no fire and two fatalities reported. * On 5 January 2011, an attempt was made to hijack Turkish Airlines Flight 1754 from Gardermoen Airport, Oslo to Ataturk International Airport, Istanbul. The hijacker was overpowered by other passengers on the flight and was arrested when the aircraft landed.The flight was being operated by Boeing 737-800 TC-JGZ. *On February 14, 2011, Lion Air Flight 392 overran the runway at Sultan Syarif Qasim II International Airport in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. No one was injured.The 737 had tried to land for three times, unsuccesfully

Southwest Airlines Flight 1248

China Airlines Flight 120

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