Body Systems
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Transcript of Body Systems
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Body Systems
The Digestive System
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The Basics
• We all need energy to live • We get it from different sources
– Carbohydrates (sugars/starches)– Lipids (fats/oils)– Proteins (meat/lentils/beans)
• The Digestive system takes these sources and makes them useable to the body
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Types of Digestion• Two Types…• Mechanical: physical breakdown of food
– Chewing/mixing– Teeth/jaw & tongue
• Chemical: breaking down large particles into smaller particles using enzymes
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Teeth – Cool Photo
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• Food enters our body through our mouth• We chew and grind it down • It also mixes with saliva which comes from
3 different saliva glands • They release the
enzyme amylase• Starch molecules
into sugarmolecules
Step 1: Mouth & Esophagus
Why is saliva important?
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Aside - Carbohydrates• Why are they important? What do they do?
– They are the main fuel source for our body– The energy that gets used first – Recommended that 45-60% is
carbohydrates
• Where do they come from?– Vegetables, grains, low-fat dairy, fruits
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Step 1: Mouth & Esophagus• When ready to swallow food tongue pushes
the food back • Flap of skin called epiglottis moves across
your windpipe • Into the esophagus it goes• It is pushed down your throat by the
muscles that line the esophagus … this is peristalsis – Chewed food is known as bolus – Swallowing is known as delutition
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Step 2: The Stomach• A little history …
• Alexis St. Martin & Dr. William Beaumont• Alexis had big wound in his left side• Could not be repaired entirely • What did they do?• Dr. Beaumont put food on a string and
dangled it into the stomach to see what happened – lol science history!
As if you are
letting me do
this! Lol!
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Step 2: The Stomach• Food enters the stomach through a
sphincter (esophageal) • Muscular wall of the stomach mixes it around
with the gastric juices• What is that?
– Water– Mucus– Hydrochloric Acid– Digestive Enzymes
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Step 2: The Stomach• The acid, enzymes and water liquefy the
food and break it down chemically • It passes into the small intestine through
another sphincter (pyloric)• Why do we need mucus in the stomach?
– So acid does not burn a hole thru the stomach!– The acid in the stomach is hydrochloric acid
Acid Video
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Step 2: The Stomach
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Step 3: Gastrointestinal Tract• The pancreas, a large gland in the back of the
stomach, helps break down food, sends digestive enzymes into the small intestine
• Enzymes complete the breakdown of starches and proteins into small particles which are more easily absorbed by the body
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Step 3: Gastrointestinal Tract
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Step 3: Gastrointestinal Tract• The liver produces a substance called bile
(which is stored in the gall bladder)• The gall bladder sends bile into the small
intestine, where it breaks up large amounts of lipids into small drops
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Step 3: Gastrointestinal Tract• When food is broken down into smaller particles,
the small intestine absorbs these particles. • The inner surface of the small intestine contains
villi (small, finger like objects)– Villi increases the
surface area of the intestine to help absorb nutrients.
– Villi is covered with epithelial tissue & food molecules get absorbed by this tissue.
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Bacteria … Can Be Good?
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Step 4 – The End of the Road• Food then passes from the small
intestine to the large intestine • Key part here is that water is absorbed in
the large intestine • When it hits the end of the road …
washroom break!
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Summary Video
Digestive System