BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY

HISTORY• Bluetooth wireless technology (BWT) was developed in 1994 at

Ericsson in Sweden. • The original purpose of BWT was to eliminate the need for

proprietary cable connections between devices such as PDAs and notebook PCs.

• Although infrared communication existed at the time, it required line-of-sight contact.

• Therefore, Ericsson chose to use an inexpensive, low-power radio built into each device, making it possible to wirelessly connect devices through walls and other nonmetallic materials.

• After Ericsson began work on BWT, the concept blossomed into a radio technology that simultaneously connects several devices in a wireless personal area network (WPAN).

•Because of the unlimited potential of BWT, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was formed in 1998 to develop the Bluetooth Specification IEEE 802.15. •The specification standardized the development of BWT-enabled devices so that devices from different manufacturers can work together.

The symbol of Bluetooth

• As famous as the name is the Bluetooth symbol.

• Bluetooth's logo combines the representation of the Nordic runes Hagalaz (transcribed by 'H') and

• Berkana (transcribed by 'B') in the same symbol.

• This is, HB like Harald Blåtand the king

WHAT IS BLUETOOTH Bluetooth is a standard used in links of radio of short scope,

destined to replace wired connections between electronic devices like

cellular telephones Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), computers, and many other devices. • Bluetooth technology can be used at home, in the office, in the car, etc. • This technology allows to the users instantaneous connections of

voice and information between several devices in real time. • It assures protection against

interferences and safety in the sending of information.

What Is Bluetooth? • Bluetooth is a WPAN technology. • Accordingly, its radio characteristics include:

low power Short range and medium transmission speed.

• These characteristics influence: what devices will incorporate Bluetooth how users will experience it and what it will be used for.

•First its low power consumption makes Bluetooth ideal for small, battery-powered devices like mobile phones and Pocket PCs that have little energy to spare.

•Second, Bluetooth’s short range (10 meters) is ideal for the concept of “personal operating space” and integrates the notion of using devices carried or worn on the body or otherwise located within immediate reach. Bluetooth’s transmission speed of 800 Kbps works well for transferring small to medium-sized files.•A Bluetooth WPAN involves up to eight devices located within this 10-meter personal operating space that unite to exchange information or share services. •Because it can be done spontaneously according to immediate need, it is known as “ad hoc networking.” •And because a WPAN involves directly networking between different points, without the use of network infrastructure, it is also referred to as a “point-to-point network.”

Who will use Bluetooth? four categories of users:

professional and field workers Technology-savvy electronics consumers Industrial and retail office workers.

Where will Bluetooth be used?• It can be used absolutely anywhere that at least two Bluetooth-

devices share a 10-meter range. • This is possible because Bluetooth is designed for direct point-to-

point networking between devices and does not require proximity to infrastructure stations like signal towers or access points.

• So for someone who possesses at least two Bluetooth devices, that person can use Bluetooth wherever he/she chooses to bring those devices.

• This freedom to roam will especially be important for traveling workers who need access to data communications and corporate data wherever they happen to be; locations will vary from a client’s office or airport gate to a remote field site or restaurant.

How will Bluetooth be used?

A car rental employee could use a Pocket PC to scan a VIN.•at a car rental facility, an employee could use a Bluetooth-enabled Pocket PC equipped with a bar code scanner to scan a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), enter mileage and fuel data, then instantly transmit a receipt to a Bluetooth-enabled portable Printer worn on the hip. •Additionally, Bluetooth is an ideal solution for connecting mobile audio devices.

•Predominantly a WPAN technology, Bluetooth will primarily be used for cable replacement.•Bluetooth eliminates the need to carry or handle bulky cables, frees up your ability to move around while using devices together, and lets you easily connect devices separated by physical impediments like walls.•Bluetooth is an ideal solution for connecting the increasing number of devices designed to be held in the hand or worn on the body.

What types of devices will incorporate Bluetooth?

• The largest Bluetooth market will be mobile phones, with over 70% of mobile phones expected to be Bluetooth-enabled by 2006.

• Backed(support) by manufacturers like Ericsson, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia, and Toshiba, Bluetooth will also appear in consumer gadgets like PDAs, notebook computers, computer games, headsets, alarms, smart home control units, TVs, VCRs, and auto PCs.

• For retail, industrial, and office applications, Bluetooth will surface in mobile computers, bar code laser scanners, cash registers, ending machines, GPS receivers, slide projectors, printers, digital cameras, digital camcorders, test and measurement equipment, and LAN access points.

•Originally developed by Ericsson to eliminate the cable between a headset and mobile phone, Bluetooth features audio channel capability.•In Europe, Asia, and Africa, mobile phones based on GSM technology are popular.•For example, you could use your Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone at a Bluetooth-enabled vending machine to charge your account and buy a drink.

USAGE MODEL EXAMPLES • Wireless headset: The leading adoption of Bluetooth will initially be

in the area of mobile phones. • Nearly every major mobile phone manufacturer has already

released Bluetooth-enabled models of their popular phones. • The driver for this adoption is the ability to use a wireless headset

with the phone. • The radio frequency energy emitted by a Bluetooth wireless

headset is a fraction of that emitted by a mobile phone. • Additionally, the convenience of being cordless means the phone

can be used even if it is in a briefcase or the trunk.

•INTERNET BRIDGE: Bluetooth wireless technology can be used to allow a mobile phone or cordless modem to provide Dial-Up Networking (DUN) capabilities for a PC, allowing it to connect to the Internet without a physical phone line. •This enables a laptop to automatically utilize the user’s nearby cell phone to dial and connect to a dial-up service. •The user doesn’t need to touch the phone, which might be in a briefcase or coat pocket.

•FILE EXCHANGE: The ability to perform peer-to-peer file exchange without the presence of a network infrastructure has many advantages. •For example, a salesperson may choose to share the contents of an electronic slide presentation with the audience. •Bluetooth enables the automatic detection of any Bluetooth devices in the room, enabling the transfer of all selected files.

Synchronization: Bluetooth allows for data synchronization between devices. For example, a desktop computer that is Bluetooth enabled can wirelessly synchronize its contact list, task information, calendar, etc., to a user’s phone, PDA, or notebook. Several Bluetooth- based synchronization models already exist for both Pocket PC and Palm-based PDAs.

Printing: HP is making printers and notebooks with embedded Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth-enabled devices can automatically detect Bluetooth-enabled printers in their area and wirelessly send documents to the printer without going through lengthy network and printing setup processes. Mobile users who frequently visit remote offices will find Bluetooth printing a significant improvement in convenience to their current experience.

What does it mean to be Bluetooth-enabled?

• A Bluetooth-enabled device has a radio that operates at Bluetooth frequency (2.4 GHz) and

• software that manages the connection data flow and security to adhere to the Bluetooth Specification.

• Bluetooth products need certification from the Bluetooth SIG, which ensures interoperability with other Bluetooth products.

• Between the principal characteristics, must be named the hardiness, low complexity, low consume and low cost.

• The Bluetooth is a small microchip that operates in a band of available frequency throughout the world.

• Communications can realize point to point and point multipoint.

The First Ten Years—1998-2008

•Bluetooth is officially adopted and The Bluetooth Special Interest Group

(SIG) is formed.

•The SIG welcomes its 400th member by the end of 1998

•The SIG grows from 400 members to more than 10,000

•The Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is released in 1999 & 1.2 in 2003 and

•Core Specification Version 2.0 Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) in 2004

•Nearly 2 billion Bluetooth enabled products shipped in 10 years

•IEEE approves the 802.15.1 specification to conform with Bluetooth

wireless technology

•The first mobile phone first chip to integrate radio frequencyBaseband microprocessor functions and Bluetooth wireless software first headset first printer first laptop first hands-free car kit with speech recognition first digital camerafirst MP3 playerfirst FDA-approved Bluetooth medical system first stereo headphones first sunglassesfirst watch first picture frame first alarm-clock radio and first television

The Last Five Years—2008-2013

•Cumulative Bluetooth product shipments surpass 2.5 billion•In 2012, 1,472 Qualified Design Listings (QDLs) were created by Bluetooth SIG members•SIG membership surpasses 20,000 companies•The first Bluetooth Smart Ready tablets and music players hit the market.•Core Specification Version 3.0 HS is adopted, making Bluetooth high speed technology a reality in 2009.•The Bluetooth SIG announces the formal adoption of its game changing Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.0 with low energy technology in 2010.•The SIG announces expansion into sports & fitness markets with new working group and new profiles for real-time running and cycling data monitoring•The SIG adopts the first new profile for Bluetooth v4.0 in 2011•The SIG unveils the Bluetooth Smart and Bluetooth Smart Ready brand extensions•Microsoft and Apple announce support for Bluetooth v4.0 in Windows 8 and new iPhone 4S respectively. The iPhone 4S became the first Bluetooth Smart Ready phone on the market.

2011BLUETOOTH MERGENCE WITH ULTRA WIDEBAND

•Ultra Wideband (UWB):- A short-range radio technology spreading communication information over a large spectrum with low energy requirements.

•Has been proposed to fulfill this need, and in 2007 the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) announced its intensions to incorporate Ultra Wideband as ad-on high-speed radio technology in the Bluetooth 4 release due 2010/11.

•As a relatively new player, UWB needs to align itself with established technologies in order to gain momentum, prompting the WiMedia Alliance in March 2009 to announce its intention to disband and transfer all current and future specifications to the Bluetooth SIG, Wireless UWB Promoter Group and USB Implementers Forum.

•The Bluetooth 3.0 specification released in April 2009 incorporates an Alternative MAC Feature.

•Which enables the use of an alternative high-speed radio for transporting Bluetooth profile data.

•Whilst the Bluetooth radio is still used for device discovery and connection setup.

•Currently only supporting 802.11 (Wi-Fi), providing Bluetooth with increased transfer rates of 24 Mbps over longer distances, this new AMP feature paves the way for incorporation of the low-power high-bandwidth UWB radio technology.

2013

Bluetooth Technology: The Network Effect

• Bluetooth Q2 2013 • Today, Bluetooth is the most widely adopted wireless connectivity

technology, gaining universal use in applications such as laptops and game consoles. Its future market growth will be led by adoption of Bluetooth v4.0 with low energy capabilities – Bluetooth Smart – in the growing ecosystem of connected devices.

• Total Wireless Connectivity IC • The Bluetooth IC market is developing at a rapid pace as new

technologies such as Bluetooth Smart emerge and IC vendors continue to bring smaller, more advanced, and more integrated product innovations. The ultra-low power wireless connectivity IC market is forecasted to grow more than $2 billion in annual revenues by 2016, with Bluetooth Smart and 802.15.4 as the two main markets.

Short-Range Wireless Technology IC Market •Short-range wireless (SRW) technologies, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, NFC, and GPS, are due for a momentous year in 2013. •Cumulative Bluetooth enabled device shipments will reach 10 billion and Wi-Fi enabled device shipments will reach seven billion, with total wireless connectivity IC shipments to break through five billion per annum and grow to nearly eight billion by 2018. •Mobile phones, laptops, media tablets, and games consoles are the major consumer devices embracing these technologies. •Newer applications, such as those in automotive, home automation, smart energy, retail, and others, will catalyze their growth over the next 10 years. •SRW technologies enable simple, low-cost connections between devices, allowing the Internet of Everything (IoE) to become a reality.

Bluetooth Smart Technology: Powering the Internet of Things

• Bluetooth Smart is the intelligent, power-friendly version of Bluetooth wireless technology.

• While the power-efficiency of Bluetooth Smart makes it perfect for devices needing to run off a tiny battery for long periods,

• the magic of Bluetooth Smart is its ability to work with an application on the smartphone or tablet you already own.

• Bluetooth Smart makes it easy for developers and OEMs(Original eqipment manufacturer) to create solutions that will work with the billions of Bluetooth enabled products already in the market today

Connecting the Internet of Things• First talked about more than 15 years ago, the Internet of Things

(IoT) theorized objects and people would connect wirelessly. • Classic Bluetooth provided the means for device communication

and manufacturers built hub devices like PCs, smartphones, cars and tablets to take advantage of these connections.

• Now, because of Bluetooth Smart, the world is exploding with an incredible array of devices connecting to these hubs. A projected 30 billion devices will enter into the IoT ecosystem by 2020 according to ABI Research

• Analyst firms all over the world recognize Bluetooth Smart as a key enabler in the Internet of Things.

What it Means to You• For consumers, it comes down to the Internet of Your Things. You

wake up and go for a run with a heart rate monitor that speaks directly to your smart watch.

• You brush your teeth with a sensor toothbrush while listening to music through your showerhead.

• You keep your back straight and protect your computer with sensors at your desk.

• You watch your kids play basketball with a "smart" ball and shoes. You unlock your doors, turn on the lights and run your TV with your smartphone.

• These wirelessly connected devices are making your life better and less hectic while allowing you to benefit from the convenience, empowerment and freedom of Bluetooth Smart technology.

Powering New Verticals• Bluetooth technology gained an early foothold in several industries

like consumer electronics, PC peripherals and automotive. • With the advent of Bluetooth Smart, many sports and fitness

companies rushed to integrate the new technology because of its power efficiency and ability to connect to smartphone apps.

• It was the perfect fit for a wide range of devices from heart-rate monitors to cycling computers.

• Now Bluetooth Smart technology is powering many verticals from wireless medical devices and home automation to retail and wearable.

• ABI Research projects Bluetooth technology will experience the highest growth in these markets in the next five years.

Developing with Bluetooth Smart• Bluetooth Smart is an application-friendly technology supported by

every major operating system. • The technology costs less and offers flexible development

architecture for creating applications to bring everyday objects like heart-rate monitors toothbrushes and shoes

• into the connected world and have them communicate with applications that reside on the Bluetooth Smart compatible smartphones, tablets, or similar devices those consumers already own.

• This means Bluetooth Smart developers are limited only by their imagination.

Bluetooth Smart Ready Products

– Garmin GPS Hiking Watch Adds Bluetooth Technology It has a lot of GPS watches over the years for running, cycling, swimming and even golf.

– Now it's released a new GPS watch with navigation and tracking features to help hikers find their way through the wilderness.

– The Garmin fenix adds Bluetooth technology to let hikers wirelessly share tracks, waypoints, routes and geocaches with their smartphone.

– The Bluetooth Smart watch includes a new Garmin BaseCamp app for Windows or Mac that lets you view maps, plan routes, and mark waypoints and tracks from your computer and then transfer them to the fenix.

The watch also includes built-in sensors to provide information on heading, elevation and weather changes (barometric pressure and temperature), in addition to GPS for recording distance, pace and routes.

Nike Creates World's First Bluetooth Smart Shoes

•Nike+ basketball and training shoes, which feature an embedded Bluetooth Smart sensor in the sole.•The athletic shoe giant is promoting its new Nike Hyperdunk+ basketball shoe,LunarTR1+ men's training shoe and Lunar Hyperworkout+ women's training shoe, which went on sale June 29.•Each shoe has four pressure sensors that gather information from different parts of the foot and send it via Bluetooth wireless technology to an Apple iPhone or iPod Touch. •A Nike+ Training app on the device displays vertical jump, quickness, calories, "NikeFuel" points and other performance data.

Wahoo Fitness Heart-rate Monitor for the iPhone 4S

•Wahoo Blue HR Heart-rate Monitor This Bluetooth Smart heart-rate monitor from Wahoo Fitness is designed to connect quickly and easily to the iPhone 4S or any other Bluetooth Smart Ready device, such as a tablet or smartphone. The device connects wirelessly without the need for any adapters, delivering real-time heart rate data through the free Wahoo Fitness App.•Wahoo offers an open API that allows developers to make their apps work with the Wahoo Blue. •Eventually, Bluetooth Smart heart-rate monitors like this could be used for more than just exercise.•Doctors that can remotely monitor the pulse of their patients after a procedure or upon starting a new medication.

Polar Releasing First Bluetooth Smart Heart-rate Monitor

•Polar H7 Heart Strap•This Bluetooth Smart device allows you to quickly connect to any Bluetooth Smart Ready device, such as a tablet or smartphone, to store and display heart rate data and other workout statistics.•Polar makes a wide variety of heart rate sensors and fitness watches with sophisticated training features. •The Polar H7 is the company's first Bluetooth Smart device, and its second Bluetooth enabled heart-rate monitor.

Dayton and Nordic Create First Bluetooth Smart Device Heart Strap

•Dayton Heart-rate Strap•Dayton Industrial Co. Ltd created the world's first production-ready heart-rate chest strap that is a Bluetooth Smart device. •The strap uses a new Bluetooth v4.0 low energy chip from Nordic Semiconductor.•Users won't need a special matching watch like most heart-rate monitors use today. •According to Nordic , the strap can be paired with a phone or other Bluetooth Smart Ready device in seconds, allowing people to display their heart rate on their phone while they work out and analyze it later.

BLUETOOTH VERSIONS

Bluetooth v1.2 Bluetooth v2.0 Bluetooth v2.1 Bluetooth v3.0 Bluetooth v4.0

Backward compatible with v1.1

Backward compatible with the previous v1.2

Backward compatible with v1.2.

Backward compatible with v2.1

Backward compatible with v3.0.

faster connection and discovery

Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer.

Uses secure simple pairing (SSP) to improve a better pairing experience for Bluetooth devices.

Bluetooth 3.0 provides theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 24 Mbit / s.

Provides faster speed in data transmission than the earlier version.

Data transmission speed up to 721 kbit / s

The nominal rate of EDR is about 3 Mbit / s

Uses sniff sub rating, which reduces the power consumption in low-power mode.

For high data rate traffic this version uses the adjacent 802.11 link.

It comes with greatly reduced power consuming, as if it does not require any power at all to function.

It provides more security in data transmission than the earlier version.

FUTURE

• Within the next five years, the Internet of Things (IoT) will emerge with billions of smart, Internet-connected wireless objects in use. According to ON World, the key technology trends driving IoT markets include the following:

• 1. IP Addressable Smart Objects • 2. Wireless Mesh Networking • 3. Integration & Adaptability • 4. Ultra Low Power Consumption • 5. Energy Harvesting • 6. Mobile Sensing • For integration and adaptability, dual mode Bluetooth 4.0 chips –

supports both Classic Bluetooth and Bluetooth Smart • epitomize the highly integrated low-power wireless chipsets needed

to advance IoT markets by lowering costs and simplifying product development.

•Driven by Bluetooth Smart technology, mobile sensing solutions – mobile sensors combined with smartphone apps •will be the fastest growing IoT market over the next few years. •The number of Bluetooth Smart products already increased by five times to 460 percent, from last fall. •Bluetooth Smart device shipments expected to grow to more than one billion units per annum in the next five years, as it thrives in point-to-point applications and with device manufactures that make remote controls, home automation sensors, and PC accessories .•The low power feature of Bluetooth Smart technology is gaining widespread adoption in sports and fitness monitors, with more than 50 million of these devices shipping with Bluetooth connectivity by end of 2017