Project ReportON

ROBOT CONTROLLED BY ANDROID APPLICAION (BLUETOOTH)

Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering By

Mr. Pankaj RaiMr. Brian D’souza

Mr. Yadav Sandeep Mr. Zamil Shaikh Mr. Dhiraj Singh

Under the guidance of Mr. Aniket Sonawane

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ARMIET

AlamuriRatnamala Institute of Engineering and Technology

(Run by KotiVidya Charitable Trust)

A.S. Rao Nagar, Sapgaon, Tal Shahapur, Dist Thane-421601

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AlamuriRatnamala Institute of Engineering and Technology

(Run by KotiVidya Charitable Trust)

A.S. Rao Nagar, Sapgaon, Tal Shahapur, Dist Thane-421601

Project Report Submitted ByName: Mr. Pankaj Rai. Mr. Brian D’souza.

Mr. Yadav Sandeep. Mr. Zamil Shaikh. Mr. Dhiraj Singh.

Title of project: Robot Controlled By Android Application (Bluetooth).

Guide Name: Ms. Meenal Vatsaraj

Ms. Meenal Vatsaraj Mr. C. Nagababu Mr. C. Nagababu

(Project Guide) (H.O.D.) (Principal)

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CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that Mr.Pankaj Shivchander Rai , Mr.Brian Baptist

D’souza , Mr. Dhiraj Ram Singh , Mr. Zamil Muzammil Shaikh, Mr. Yadav Sandeep Haushila Prasad has delivered a project report for the Project Topic “Robot Controlled By Android Application

(Bluetooth) and submitted report in the “AlamuriRatnamala Institute of Engineering and Technology”, Sapgaon, Tal Shahapur, Dist,

Thane, in the partial fulfillment of the “Electronics and telecommunication Engineering” from Mumbai University for the

year 2015-16

Guide H.O.D. Principal

Ms. Meenal Vatsaraj NagababuChekuri NagababuChekuri

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AcknowledgementI would like to acknowledge and extend our heartfelt gratitude to all those people who have been

associated with this project and have helped us with it thus making it a worthwhile experience.

Firstly I extend our thanks to various people which include my project Guide Mr. Aniket Sonawane, my

H.O.D. Nagababu Chekuri, who have shared their opinions and experiences through which I received

the required information for my report. I am also thankful to all the staff members of EXTC Dept. for

their highly cooperative and encouraging attitudes, which have always boosted me.

I also take this opportunity with great pleasure to thank our Honorable Founder Trustee A.V. Gupta,

Honorable Alternate Chairman Dr. L.S. Bothra and Principal Prof. NagababuChekuri whose timely

support and encouragement has helped us succeeds in our venture.

Mr. Pankaj Rai. Mr. Brian D’souza.

Mr. Yadav Sandeep. Mr. Zamil Shaikh. Mr. Dhiraj Singh.

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INDEX

Sr. No. Topic Name Page No.1 Abstract 8

2 Introduction 9

3 Overview of the project 9

4 Background 10

5 Andoid platform 10

6 Connectivity and communication 11

7 Purpose 12

8 Block diagram 13

9 System explanation 14

10 Bluetooth module 15

11 HC serial bluetooth 16

12 HC-05 17

13 Motor driver circuit 18

14 Dc motor 19

15 UART 19

16 Explanation 1917 Design 24

18 System architecture 26

19 Mobile application 26

20 Usage 28

21 Embedded code 30

22 Future scope 36

23 Conclusion 37

24 Reference 38

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Table Description

Sr. No. Table No. Table Name Page No.

1 01 Distinguish of HC-05 & HC-06 16

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Diagram Description Sr. No. Diagram No. Diagram Name Page No.

1 1 Block diagram 13

2 2 Bluetooth module 15

3 3 HC-05 17

4 4 Motor driver circuit 18

5 5 Aurdino bluetooth car application 21

6 6 Bluetooth connection search 22

7 7 Bluetooth connection on to move the robot 22

8 8 Android phone bluetooth controller robot 23

9 9 Design architecture 25

10 10 System architecture 26

11 11 Bluetooth not connected 26

12 12 Bluetooth connected 27

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ABSTRACT

Many of the wireless-controlled robots use RF modules. But this project make use of Android mobile

phone for robotic control. The control commands available are more than RF modules. For this the

android mobile user has to install an application on her/his mobile. Then user needs to turn on the

Bluetooth in the mobile. The wireless communication techniques used to control the robot is Bluetooth

technology. User can use various commands like move forward, reverse, move left, move right using

these commands which are sent from the Android mobile. Robot has a Bluetooth receiver unit which

recives the commands and give it to the microcontroller circuit to control the motors. The

microcontroller then transmits the signal to the motor driver IC’s to operate the motors.

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INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

The project aims in designing a Robot that can be operated using Android mobile phone. The controlling

of the Robot is done wirelessly through Android smart phone using the Bluetooth feature present in it.

Here in the project the Android smart phone is used as a remote control for operating the Robot.

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key

applications. Android boasts a healthy array of connectivity options, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and

wireless data over a cellular connection (for example, GPRS, EDGE ( Enhanced Data rates for GSM

Evolution ), and 3G). Android provides access to a wide range of useful libraries and tools that can be

used to build rich applications. In addition, Android includes a full set of tools that have been built from

the ground up alongside the platform providing developers with high productivity and deep insight into

their applications. Bluetooth is an open standard specification for a radio frequency (RF)-based,

shortrange connectivity technology that promises to change the face of computing and wireless

communication. It is designed to be an inexpensive, wireless networking system for all classes of

portable devices, such as laptops, PDAs (personal digital assistants), and mobile phones. It also will

enable wireless connections for desktop computers, making connections between monitors, printers,

keyboards, and the CPU cable-free. The controlling device of the whole system is a Microcontroller.

Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the Microcontroller. The data received by the Bluetooth

module from Android smart phone is fed as input to the controller. The controller acts accordingly on

the DC motors of the Robot. The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions

using the Android phone. The direction of the robot is indicated using LED indicators of the Robot

system. In achieving the task the controller is loaded with a program written using Embedded ‘C’

language.

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Background:

This section takes a brief look at Android smart phones and its features, how smart Phones will help to

develop a community in the environment it is used in. Hardware, software and communication protocols

are evaluated for their suitability to this application. Finally, we take a brief look on existing systems.

Android Platform:

Android devices are powerful mobile computers and they become more and more popular smart phones

used worldwide. They becomes more and more popular for software developers because of its powerful

capabilities and open architecture, also it’s based on the java programming language. Because Android

uses the Java programming language getting started with the Android API is easy; the API is open and

allows easy access to the hardware components. Android devices provide numerous communication

interfaces like USB, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, that can be used to connect to the robot. We think it is a great

platform for a robotic system control, because it’s much cheaper than any other ARM-based processing

unit. We use android platform because it is the widest used in the word and runs the largest number of

Smart phones worldwide.

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Connectivity and Communication:For the communication of the robot with the cell phone or a mobile we are using the Bluetooth device.

The Bluetooth device (HC-05) is attached to the robot that receives the data from the mobile and also

can transmit the data. Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a wireless communications protocol running at 2.4 GHz,

with client-server architecture, suitable for forming personal area networks. It is designed for low power

devices such as mobile phones [3,5]. Bluetooth now comes as standard on the majority of mobile

phones, and desktop computers. It can be easily fitted with a module to allow Bluetooth communication.

Bluetooth is the only appropriate communications protocol because there is no fear of getting the

frequency interference. Bluetooth uses the MAC Address of the device. The Bluetooth gives the

connectivity between two devices using their MAC Address.

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PurposeThe purpose of our research is to provide simpler robot’s hardware architecture but with powerful

computational platforms so that robot’s designer can focus on their research and tests instead of

Bluetooth connection infrastructure. This simple architecture is also useful for educational robotics,

because students can build their own robots with low cost and use them as platform for experiments in

several courses. The main purpose of this project is to develop a remote user interface to control a robot

via a wireless technology. There is a need to communicate with the robot remotely in order to control

the robot movements and pass critical data both ways. The current IR controls are not good enough

because the robot does not have an IR transmitter but only a receiver, meaning that the communication

is one way. The IR communication works only in line of direct sight and any objects in the way will

obstruct the communication. Bluetooth communication will enable us to control the robot up to 100

meters without the need for direct sight which means that the robot could be located behind a wall or

some other object and the communication would not be lost.

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Block Diagram

Fig 01: Block Diagram

System Explanation:13

Here at this robot I have used a Bluetooth module to control the robot via 2 BO motors at 300RPM

appox the robot is control by an android phone application Microcontroller used is AT89S51 from 8051

family to work in a serial communication UART mode the communication is configured on 9800bps to

communicate it with the Bluetooth module. The Bluetooth module used is a HC-05 in smd package

which works on a 3.3v and have a serial communication with any device connected to it the

communication speed can be configured on various speed via AT Command. The BT module is a SPP

supported profile so it can be connected easily to any module or phone. In this profile the data can be

sent and receive to module. The BT module is connected to the RX pin of microcontroller. The L293D

is a motor driver IC to operate the motors in any direction required dependent on the logic applied to the

logic pins. A readymade compact size chassis I have used to avoid the chassis assembly the chassis

contains 2 decks the lower is used for BO motors fitting the upper is used as a battery stack .on top the

plate the board is mounted by screw fitting. A smart phone Android operated robot. Now here is a

simple to control your robot/robo car using Bluetooth module HC-06 and 89c2051 microcontroller with

your android Smartphone device. The controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller.

Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the microcontroller. The data receive by the Bluetooth

module from android smart phone is fed as input to the controller. The controller acts accordingly on the

DC motor of the robot. The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the

android phone. The direction of the robot is indicators using LED indicators of the Robot system. In

achieving the task the controller is loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages.

Android smart phone controller Bluetooth robot using microcontroller is shown in figure 1.1.

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Bluetooth module:

Fig 02:Bluetooth Module

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HC Serial Bluetooth:HC Serial Bluetooth product consists of Bluetooth serial interface module and Bluetooth adapter.

Bluetooth serial module is used for converting serial port to Bluetooth.

This module has two modes: master and slaver device. The device named after even number is defined

to be master or slaver when out of factory and can’t changed to the other mode. But for the device

named after odd number, users can set the work mode (master or slaver) of the device by AT commands.

HC-06 Specifically includes: Master device: HC-06-M, M=Master Slaver device: HC-06-S, S=Slaver

The main function of Bluetooth serial module is replacing the serial port line, such as: One connects to

Bluetooth master device while the other one connect to slaver device. Their connection can be built once

the pair is made. This Bluetooth connection is equivalently liked to a serial port line connection

including RXD, TXD signals. And they can communicate with each other.

1. When MCU has Bluetooth salve module, it can communicate with Bluetooth adapter of

computer and smart phones.

2. The Bluetooth devices in the market mostly are salve devices, such as Bluetooth printer,

Bluetooth GPS. So, we can use master module to make pair and communicate with them.

3. Bluetooth serial module’s operation doesn’t need drive, and can communicate with the other

Bluetooth device. But communication between two Bluetooth module require at two conditions:

i) The communication must be between master and slave.

ii) The password must be correct.

Here are the main factory parameter of HC-05 and HC-06.

Pay attention to the difference:

HC-05 HC-06

Master and Slave mode can be

switched

Master and Slave mode can’t be

switched

Bluetooth Name: HC-05 Bluetooth Name: HC-06

Password: 1234 Password: 1234

Table 1: Distinguish Between HC-05 & HC-06

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HC-05 HC-06Master and Slave mode can be switched Master and Slave mode can’t be switched Bluetooth

Name: HC-05 Bluetooth Name: HC-06

Fig 03: HC-05

The reset circuit at pin 11 and KEY circuit at pin24 can be ignored to work the module in

communication mode.

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Motor driver circuit:

The pin 8 of IC should be connected to the 9v battery or 12v. This pin8 is internally connected to the

driver circuit inside the IC which helps the motor to get the good supply which also helps the smooth

functioning of motors .

Fig 04: Motor Driver Circuit

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DC MOTOR:

Almost every mechanical movement that we see around us is accomplished by an electric motor.

Electric machines are means of converting energy. Motors take electrical energy and produce

mechanical energy. Electric motor is used to power hundreds of devices we use in everyday life.

An example of small motor applications includes motors used in automobiles, robot, hand power tools

and food blenders. Micro-machines are electric machines with parts the size of red blood cells and find

many applications in medicine.

UART:Universal asynchronous receiver/ transmitter is usually an individual integrated circuit used for serial

communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. UART are now commonly included in

microcontrollers. A dual UART combines two UARTS into a single chip. Many modern ICs come with

a UART that can also communicate synchronously; these devices are called UART.

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EXPLANATION:

A smart phone Android operated robot. Now here is a simple to control your robot/robo car using

Bluetooth module HC-06 and 89c2051 microcontroller with your android Smartphone device. The

controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller. Bluetooth module, DC motors are

interfaced to the microcontroller. The data receive by the Bluetooth module from android smart phone is

fed as input to the controller. The controller acts accordingly on the DC motor of the robot. The robot in

the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the android phone. The direction of the

robot is indicators using LED indicators of the Robot system. In achieving the task the controller is

loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages. Android smart phone controller Bluetooth

robot using microcontroller is shown in figure 1.1. Figure 1.1: Block diagram of android smart phone

controller Bluetooth robot using 89s51 microcontroller 4. Application Instructions 4.1 First make sure

your HC-06 Bluetooth module is paired with your mobile. The default password for pairing is “1234” or

“0000”. Check the manual of Bluetooth module.

The Bluetooth module: The Bluetooth module used is a HC-05 based on SPP support Features:

1) Wireless serial bluetooth port.

2) With free power adapter bottom board come with well power regulator. User can

connect 3.3 to 5VDC and connect TX and RX to your control IO (general 3.3 to 5V

digital input output of MCU or IO is ok, or general TLL IO)

3) Easy to connect this module with PC, just search and key "1234" passcode.

4) With white SMD LED on the adapter board, can see the Bluetooth connection status.

Step to connect:

1) Connect the wiring, power up, while the device is not connected, the bluetooth module

board has a white LED flashing

2) At PC side, search bluetooth device.

3) Found name called "HC-05" device

First make sure your HC-06 Bluetooth module is paired with your mobile. The default password for

pairing is “1234” or “0000”. Check the manual of Bluetooth module. 4.2 Click on “SELECT DEVICE”

icon to select paired Bluetooth module. 4.3 When press “up arrow” it sends the data “A” to Bluetooth

module connected with the circuit. When microcontroller detects “A” the robot/robot car moves

FORWORD. 4.4 When press “DOWN ARROW” it sends the data “B” to Bluetooth module connected

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with the circuit. When microcontroller detects “B” the robot/robot car moves REVERSE. 4.5 When

press “LEFT ARROW” it sends the data “C” to Bluetooth module connected with the circuit. When

microcontroller defects “C” the robot/robot car turns LEFT. 4.6 When press “RIGHT ARROW” it sends

the data “D” to Bluetooth module connected with the circuit. When microcontroller defects “D” the

robot/robot car turns RIGHT. 4.7 When press “STOP” button which is in the centre of remote it sends

the data “E” to the Bluetooth module connected with the circuit. When microcontroller defects “E” the

robot/robot car gets stopped 4.8 Click on “DISCONNECT” icon to disconnect paired Bluetooth module.

Fig 05: Arduino Bluetooth RC Car Application

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Fig 06: Bluetooth connection search

Fig 07 : B luetooth connection on to move the robot forword,backword,left and right direction

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Fig 08: Android phone bluetooth controller Robot

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Design:

The Android app is generally developed using JAVA language but this Android app can also be build

without knowing the Java language. This app was developed in “App Inventor” developed by MIT [8].

This app inventor is designed specifically for Non – Computer Science students those who don’t know

the JAVA language. The figure shown below is the block diagram back- hand design for the application.

The app shown below has 5 buttons and all the buttons gives 5 different bytes in the output that has to be

fed to the Microcontroller to process [9]. For eg. if we press forward button ,the Bluetooth Module will

give 1 byte at its output as shown in the figure. The app consists of the option in the main screen

whether to use the accelerometer of the phone or to use the buttons to control the Robot. This app

inventor brings out the revolution in the Embedded Systems & Robotics. The app invented by this

searches for the Bluetooth devices along with their MAC addresses. The user just has to select the

particular MAC Address. When a particular MAC is selected, the status shown on the screen is

“Connected”. Now all the buttons are active and the app is now connected with the robot and mobile

phone can control the robot.

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Fig 09: Design Architecture

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System Architecture:

Fig. 1 shows the overall architecture of the system, and with which components the different types of

users will interact.

Fig10: System Architecture

Mobile Application:

The Mobile application consists of 5 buttons viz. Right, Left, Forward, Reverse Stop

Fig 11: Status- Not Connected.

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The above screen consists of an overlook of the app. Right now all the 5 buttons are disabled until the

Bluetooth is connected The above screen consists of an overlook of the app. Right now all the 5 buttons

are disabled until the Bluetooth is connected

Fig12 : Status- Connected.

Now since the Bluetooth of the mobile is connected to another Bluetooth Module , the status shown is

“Connected”.

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Usage:

Coupled Mode: Two modules will establish communication automatically when powered.

PC hosted mode: Pair the module with bluetooth dongle directly as virtual serial.

Bluetooth protocal : Bluetooth Specification v2.0+EDR

Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band

Modulation: GFSK(Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)

Speed: Asynchronous: 2.1Mbps(Max) / 160 kbps

Synchronous: 1Mbps/1Mbps

Security: Authentication and encryption

Profiles: Bluetooth serial port

CSR chip: Bluetooth v2.0

Wave band: 2.4GHz-2.8GHz, ISM Band

Protocol: Bluetooth V2.0

Voltage: 5V (3.6V-6V, NO more than 7V)

User defined Baud rate : 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200,

230400,460800,921600 ,1382400.

Pin definition:

o PIO8 connects with LED cathodea with 470ohm series resistor in between. LED

NEGATIVE connects to ground. It is used to indicate the module state. After

powered on, flashing intervals differ in different states.

o PIO9 is used to control LED indicating paring. It will be steady on when paring is

successful.

o PIO11, module state switching pin. HIGH -> response to AT command; LOW or

floating -> regular work status.

o With build-in reset circuit, reset is completed automatically after powered on.

o Steps to set to MASTER:

o Set PIO11 HIGH with a 10K resistor in between.

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o Power on, module comes into AT Command Response Status

o Open HyperTerminal or other serial tool, set the baud rate 38400, 8 data bits, 1

stop bit, no parity bit, no Flow

AT COMMONDS to check the Module:

· Set PIO11 HIGH with a 10K resistor in between.

· Power on, module comes into AT Command Response Status

· Open HyperTerminal or other serial tool, set the baud rate 38400, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit,

no parity bit, no Flow

· Now u renter in AT commond mode.

Command AT Response OK the module is connected successfully Commond

AT+ROLE?

Response +ROLE=0 the module is in slave mode Commond AT+ROLE=1

Response OK the module is set in master mode

For more commande refer data sheet ……;)

In slave mode the PC,Phone etc will search the module and pair with the module

In master mode the module will search for any PC,phone etc CODES

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Embedded C Code :

//MAIN FUNCTION

#include <reg51.h>

#include <lcd.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

sbit S11=P1^0;

sbit S12=P1^1;

sbit S21=P1^4;

sbit S22=P1^5;

sbit S23=P1^6;

sbit S24=P1^7;

void serial_init(){

TMOD = 0x20;

SCON = 0x50;

TH1 = 0xFD;

TR1 = 1;

}

void main()

{

char mybyte;

serial_init();

lcdinit();

P1= 0x00 ;

S11=1;

S12=1;

lcddatas(1,"BLUE BOT");

lcddelay(200);

while(1)

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{

while(RI==0);

mybyte=SBUF;

RI=0;

if(mybyte=='W'){

S21=1;

S23=1;

S22=0;

S24=0;

lcdinit();

lcddatas(1,"MOVE UP");

//P1 = 0x0A

}

if(mybyte=='A'){

S21=0;

S23=1;

S22=1;

S24=0;

lcdinit();

lcddatas(1,"MOVE LEFT");

//P1 = 0x08;

}

if(mybyte=='S'){

S21=0;

S23=0;

S22=1;

S24=1;

lcdinit();

lcddatas(1,"MOVE DOWN");

//P1 = 0x05;

}

if(mybyte=='D'){

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S21=1;

S23=0;

S22=0;

S24=1;

lcdinit();

lcddatas(1,"MOVE RIGHT");

//P1 = 0x02;

}

if(mybyte=='Q'){

S21=0;

S23=0;

S22=0;

S24=0;

lcdinit();

lcddatas(1,"STOP");

//P1 = 0x00;

}

}

}

LCD Interfacing :

#ifndef _leddatas_H

#define _leddatas_H

#include <reg51.h>

sfr ldata = 0xA0;

sbit rs = P3^2;

sbit rw = P3^3;

sbit en = P3^4;

void lcddelay (unsigned int itime)

{

unsigned int i,j;

for(i=0;i<itime;i++)

for(j=0;j<1275;j++);

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}

void lcdcmd(unsigned char value)

{

ldata = value;

rs = 0;

rw = 0;

en = 1;

lcddelay(1);

en = 0;

}

void lcddata (unsigned char value)

{

ldata = value;

rs = 1;

rw = 0;

en = 1;

lcddelay(1);

en = 0;

}

void lcdinit()

{

lcdcmd(0x0e);

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcddelay(50);

}

void lcdrow(unsigned char no)

{

if (no == 1)

{

lcdcmd(0x80);

}

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if (no == 2)

{

lcdcmd(0xC0);

}

}

void lcddatas (unsigned char row,unsigned char *lcdstring)

{

lcdrow(row);

while (*lcdstring)

{

lcddata(*lcdstring++);

}

}

void lcdblink(unsigned char no,unsigned char *lcdstring)

{

unsigned char j;

for(j=0;j<no;j++)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddelay(50);

lcddatas(1,lcdstring);

lcddelay(50);

}

}

void lcdrotade(unsigned char no,unsigned char dir,unsigned char *lcdstring)

{

unsigned char i;

lcddatas(no,lcdstring);

if (dir == 'l')

{

for (i=0;i<16;i++)

{

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lcddelay(100);

lcdcmd(0x18);

}

}

if (dir == 'r')

{

for (i=0;i<16;i++)

{

lcddelay(100);

lcdcmd(0x1C);

}

}

}

#endif

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FUTURE SCOPE:

This project will be further implemented on platform like AVR, ARM microcontroller etc. More can be

done in the process of UART communication control and many challenges will be carry out to increase

reliability and efficiency. This system also can be developed by using GSM technology. The knowledge

is ever expanding and so are the problems which the mankind strive to solve. In this spirit, it is hoped

that the current activity will lead to further enhancements. For example; work on future for military

purpose by the robot.

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CONCLUSION:Wireless control is one of the most important basic needs for all living beings. But unfortunately due to

a huge amount of data and communication overheads the technology is not fully utilized.

1 Many of the wireless-controlled robots use RF modules. But this project make use of Android mobile

phone for robotic control which is very cheap and easily available. The control commands available are

more than RF modules. For this the android mobile user has to install an application on her/his mobile.

Then user needs to turn on the Bluetooth in the mobile. The wireless communication techniques used to

control the robot is Bluetooth technology. User can use various commands like move forward, reverse,

move left, move right using these commands which are sent from the Android mobile. Robot has a

Bluetooth receiver unit which recives the commands and give it to the microcontroller circuit to control

the motors. The microcontroller then transmits the signal to the motor driver IC’s to operate the motors

The objective of the paper is to realise the smart living , more specifically the home lighting control

system using Bluetooth Technology. Robot and smart phones are a perfect match, specially mobile

robots. As phones and mobile devices are each time more powerful, using them as robot for building

robot with advanced feature such as voice recognition. Android bluetooth-enable phones and bluetooth

module via HC-06 and communication among bluetooth devices. It is concluded that smart living will

gradually turn into areality that consumer can control their home romotely and wirelessly.

37

REFERENCES

Books:THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:-

By :-

Muhammad Ali Mazidi

Janice Gillispie Mazidi

Rolino D.Mckinlay

References on the Web:www.engineers garage.com

www.instructable.com

www.atmel.com

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