bls_1278_1960.pdf

Analysis of

WORK STOPPAGES

1959

Tre nds

Size and duration

Issues

Industries and localities affected

Details of m ajor stoppages

C hrono logy of 1959 steel strike

Bulletin No. 1278

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BU R EA U O F LA B O R S T A T IST IC S Ewan C la gu e , Com m issioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Analysis of

W ORK STOPPAGES

1959

Bulletin No.1278September I960

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BU R EA U O F L A B O R ST A T IST IC S Ewan C la gu e , Com m issioner

For sale by the Superintendenl of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 40 cents


Preface

This bu lletin p resen ts a detailed sta tistica l analysis o f w ork stoppages in 1959, continuing an annual feature o f the Bureau of L abor Statistics* program in the fie ld o f industrial re la tion s . P re lim in a ry monthly estim ates o f the le v e l o f strike (or lockout) activ ity fo r the United States as a whole are issued about 30 days a fter the end o f the month of re feren ce and are availab le upon request. P re lim in a ry estim ates fo r the entire year are available at the year*s end; se lected final tabulations are issu ed in A p r il o f the follow ing y ear .

A chronology of the 1959 steel strike, w hich was ended a fter 116 days by a court injunction, and tables showing the in dustria l and geograph ica l scope o f this strike are presen ted in appendix B.

Appendix C contains a chronology o f the Atlantic and Gulf C oast lon gshore stoppage in which the em ergen cy p rov ision s o f the T a ft-H a rtley A ct w ere a lso invoked by the P residen t.

The m ethods used in preparing w ork stoppage sta tist ics are d e scr ib e d in appendix D.

The Bureau w ished to acknow ledge the coopera tion o f em p loyers and em p loyer assoc ia tion s , labor unions, the F edera l M ediation and C on cilia tion S erv ice , and various State agen cies in furnishing in form ation on w ork stoppages.

This report was prepared in the B u reau 's D iv ision of W ages and Industrial R elations by Joseph W. B loch , a ss isted by L oretto R . Nolan. Julian Malnak prepared the ch ron o log ies w hich appear in appendices B and C.

H i


Contents

P age

S u m m ary ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1T ren d s in w ork stop p ages ____________________________________________________________________________ 1S ize o f s t o p p a g e s ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2D u ration ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3M a jo r is s u e s ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4In d u str ie s a ffe c te d ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4S toppages by lo ca t io n _________________________________________________________________________________ 5

R e g io n s ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5State s ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5M etro p o lita n a re a s ________________________________________________________________________________ 5

M onthly tren d s ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5U nions in v o lv ed _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6M eth ods o f term in atin g s t o p p a g e s __________________________________________________________________ 6D is p o s it io n o f i s s u e s __________________________________________________________________________________ 6

C h a rts :1. T ren d s in w ork stoppages ___________________________________________________________________ 72. W o rk e rs in v o lv ed and id le n e s s in w ork s top p a ges , e x c lu s iv e o f b a s ic s tee l,

m o to r v e h ic le s , and b itum in ou s co a l, 1945 -59 _________________________________________ 8

T a b le s :

W ork stop p a ges :1. In the U nited States, 1927 -59 ____________________________________________________________ 92 . In volv in g 10, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s , s e le c te d p e r io d s ________________________________ 103. B y m onth, 1958 -59 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104 . M a jo r is s u e s _______________________________________________________________________________ 115. B y in du stry grou p , 1959 __________________________________________________________________ 126. B y re g io n , 1959 and 1958 _________________________________________________________________ 137. B y State, 1959 _____________________________________________________________________________ 148. B y m e tro p o lita n a re a , 1959 _____________________________________________________________ 159. B y a ff ilia t io n o f unions in v o lv ed , 1959 ________________________________________________ 16

10. B y s ize o f stoppage, 1959 ________________________________________________________________ 1711. B y num ber o f e s ta b lish m en ts in v o lv ed , 1959 _______________________________________ 1712. B eginning in 1959 in vo lv in g 10, 000 o r m o re w o rk e rs _______________________________ 1813. D u ration _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2614. M ethod o f term in atin g ____________________________________________________________________ 2615. D isp o s it io n o f is s u e s ______________________________________________________________________ 27

A ppen d ix A : T a b le s W ork stop p agesA - 1. B y in d u s t r y _________________________________________________________________________________ 2 8A -2 . B y in du stry group and m a jo r is s u e s ___________________________________________________ 30A - 3. In States having 25 o r m o re stop p ages by in d u stry group ___________________________ 32

A ppen d ix B : The 1959 s te e l str ik e _________________________________________________________________ 37P a rt I. The strike c h r o n o lo g y ___________________________________________________________________ 37P a rt II. Industry and g e o g ra p h ica l s c o p e _______________________________________________________ 51

T a b le s W o rk e rs in v o lv ed and m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ssB - l . B y in d u s t r y _________________________________________________________________*------------- 52B -2 . By re g io n and State _________________________________________________________________ 52B -3 . B y s e le c te d m e tro p o lita n a re a s _________________________________________________ 52

A ppen d ix C : The A tla n tic and G u lf C oa st lo n g sh o re s tr ik e , 1959 ______________________________ 53

A ppen d ix D: S cop e , m eth od s , and d e f in i t io n s ____________________________________________________ 59

v


Analysis of Work Stoppages, 1959

S u m m ary

The 1959 s t e e l s tr ik e , w h i c h id led5 1 9 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s fo r 116 days b e fo r e an in ju n ction term in a ted the s tr ik e , r a is e d the y e a r 's to ta l s t r ik e 1 id le n e ss to 69 m illio n m a n -d a y s , se con d on ly to 1946 in the p ostw a r p e r io d . O th erw ise , 6y p ostw a r stan dards, the v o lu m e o f s tr ik e a ct iv ity during the y e ^ r , as m e a su re d in n um ber o f s top p a ges (3 , 708) and w o r k e r s in vo lved (1, 880, 000), w as not high.

H ow ever, th ere w as a s ig n ifica n t in c r e a s e in the d u ra tion o f stoppages w hich a v era g ed 24. 6 d ays.

The 245 stop p ages in vo lv in g 1,000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s w e re fe w e r than in 1958 and in m o s t p ostw a r y e a r s .

C ontinuing a d iffe re n t ia l p re v a ilin g s in ce 1949 (e x ce p t fo r 1954), a l l m e a s u r e s o f s tr ik e a c t iv ity w e re h igh er fo r m an u factu rin g than fo r n onm anu facturin g in d u str ie s .

The s te e l s tr ik e in vo lved w o r k e r s in 32 States in 10 o f th ese States m o r e than10,000 w o r k e r s . A s in the c a s e o f the s te e l s tr ik e , the e m e rg e n cy p r o v is io n s o f the T a ft - H artley A c t w e re invoked to end a lo n g s h o r e m e n s s tr ik e at E ast and G ulf C oast p o r ts .

T ren d s in W ork Stoppages

A tota l o f 3, 708 w ork stop p a ges r e s u lt ing fr o m la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t d isp u tes , in v o lv in g s ix o r m o r e w o r k e r s , and lastin g a fu ll day o r sh ift o r lo n g e r began in 1959 (ta b le 1). T h ese stop p ages d ir e c t ly in v o lv ed 1, 880, 000 w o r k e r s . A ll s top p ages in e ffe c t during the y e a r re su lte d in 69 ,000 , 000 m a n - days o f id le n e ss , o r 0. 61 p e r ce n t o f the e s t i m ated w ork in g tim e o f a ll w o r k e r s in n on - a g r icu ltu ra l e s ta b lish m en ts . 2 In the y e a r fs tota l, the 116 -d a y s te e l s tr ik e a ccou n ted fo r

1 The te rm s Hw ork s top p a g e11 and "s tr ik e * 1 a r e u sed in te rch a n g ea b ly in th is bu lle tin . S tr ik es , in th is s p e c ia l u se , w ou ld thus in clu d e lo ck ou ts .

1 stoppage, 519, 000 w o r k e r s , and 41, 900, 000 m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss (ta b le B - l ) .

The num ber o f stoppages r e c o r d e d d u r ing the y e a r rem a in ed at a p p rox im a te ly the sam e le v e l a s in 1958 3 and 1957, su bstan t ia lly b e lo w the high p ostw a r le v e l re a ch e d in 1946 and in a 4 -y e a r p e r io d beginn ing in 1950, and le s s than 10 p e r ce n t above the low p ostw a r m a rk o f 1948 (ch a rt 1). D esp ite the s te e l s tr ik e , fe w e r w o r k e r s w e re in vo lved in 1959 stop p ages than in any p ostw a r y e a r e x cep t 1954 and 1957. Yet, to ta l m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss , r e fle c t in g the im p a ct o f the la r g e s t id le n e s s -p ro d u c in g s tr ik e in the N ation 's h is to ry , rea ch ed a le v e l se co n d on ly to 1946 (but on ly about th r e e -f ifth s o f that le v e l) . 4

Thus, la r g e ly b e ca u se o f the length o f the s te e l s tr ik e , 1959 m a y b e c o m e a h is t o r ic y e a r in the annals o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t re la t io n s . O ther m e a s u re s o f s tr ik e a ct iv ity during the y e a r w e re not high, by p ostw a r stan dards, but th ere w as a s ig n ifica n t in c r e a s e in the du ra tion o f stoppages (d is c u s s e d la te r in th is re p o r t ) w h ich a ls o con tribu ted to the 1959 r is e in m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss .

F o r p u rp o s e s o f illu stra tin g how 1959, w ithout its m a jo r s tr ik e , co m p a re s w ith other y e a r s , w ithout th e ir m a jo r s tr ik e s , ch a rt 2 sh ow s w o rk e rs in v o lv ed and m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss s in ce 1945, le s s the am ounts con tribu ted by a ll stop p ages in the b a s ic s tee l, m o to r

2 In com pu ting p e r ce n t o f estim a ted w o r k ing tim e o f a ll w o rk e rs , govern m en t e m p lo y m en t is exclu d ed . (S ee appendix D, p. 5 9 .) F o r th ose in te re s te d in com p a rin g s tr ik e id le n e ss in the United States w ith oth er co u n tr ie s , the estim a te o f p e r ce n t o f w ork ing tim e lo s t , in clud ing govern m en t, am ounted to 0. 52 in 1959.

3 F o r d eta iled data on 1958, s e e A n a ly s is o f W ork S toppages, 1958, B LS B ull. 1258 (1959 ).

4 The B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics began com pu ting m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss in 1927. It is p ro b a b le that 1919 w as the on ly y e a r p r io r to 1927 when m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss m ay have re a ch e d a le v e l in the ran ge o f 1946 o r 1959. In 1919, o v e r 4 m illio n w o r k e r s w e re in vo lved in s top p a ges .


2v e h ic le s , and b itum in ou s c o a l in d u str ie s . 5 D uring the 1 5 -y e a r p e r io d c o v e r e d by th is ch a rt, th ese th ree in d u str ie s a ccou n ted fo r a p p ro x im a te ly a th ird o f to ta l m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s and w o r k e r s in vo lved .

The nation a l e m e rg e n cy p r o v is io n s o f the L a b or -M a n a g em en t R ela tion s ( T a ft-H a rtle y ) A ct o f 1947 w e re in voked by the P re s id e n t tw ice during 1959, f i r s t in the C ast and G ulf C oast lo n g sh o re s tr ik e and se co n d in the s te e l

5 Individual la rg e s tr ik e s have so g re a t an im p a ct on w o rk stoppage s ta t is t ic s that it is o ften d if f icu lt to see tren d s in a f r a m e w o rk a p p lica b le to la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t r e la tion s in g en era l. It is , h ow ev er , u n re a lis t ic to a ttem pt to r e c r e a te a p ic tu re o f 1959 s tr ik e a ct iv ity , to c o m p a re w ith p r io r y e a r s , a ssu m in g th ere had b een no b ig s te e l s tr ik e . In the f i r s t p la ce , the s te e l s tr ik e began in m id -y e a r , and the 116 -d a y s tr ik e and the n e g otia tion s during the su bsequ ent p e r io d o f the 8 0 -d a y T a ft -H a rt le y in ju n ction dom inated the la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t s ce n e fo r the r e s t o f the y e a r . The in flu en ce o f th is extended k ey d ispu te upon oth er b arga in in g situation s and upon oth er stop p a ges cannot be tra ce d ; m o r e o v e r , it is re a so n a b le to ex p ect that a p e a c e fu l se tt lem en t in s tee l, on te rm s s a t is fa c to r y to both p a r t ie s , w ou ld have had a s ig n ifica n t e ffe c t throughout the e con om y . S econ d ly , the a ssu m p tion " i f th ere had been no s te e l s tr ik e in 1959" is o b v io u s ly on ly one o f an a lm o s t in fin ite s e r ie s o f " i f s " by w h ich the h is to ry o f s tr ik e s in the United States can be r e w ritten . F o r exam p le , how w ould 1959, if th ere had b een no s te e l s tr ik e , co m p a re w ith 1958, i f th ere had been no auto s tr ik e s ?

C hart 2 takes a ccou n t, in p a rt at lea s t , o f the se con d poin t; th ere is no w ay o f m e a s u rin g , even rou gh ly the in flu en ce o f m a jo r stop p a ges on the en tire c o l le c t iv e b a rg a in ing sce n e .

F o r th is ch a rt, the y e a r ly tota ls o f w o r k e r s and m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss fo r a ll s to p p a g es (not on ly the m a jo r on es) fo r 3 s p e c i f i c a lly d e fin ed in d u str ie s , as r e c o r d e d each y e a r by the B ureau o f L a b or S ta tis tics , w e re com b in ed . B a s ic s te e l is re p re se n te d by b la s t fu rn a ce s , s te e l w o rk s , and ro ll in g and fin ish in g m il ls ; a u tom ob ile s by m o to r v e h ic le s and m o t o r -v e h ic le equ ipm ent; b itum in ou s co a l is s e lf -d e fin e d . W o rk e rs and m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s in oth er in d u str ie s a ffe c te d by the sam e stop p ages a re not a ccou n ted fo r , but s in ce the s co p e o f c o l le c t iv e b a rga in in g in the 3 in d u str ie s has not been s ig n ifica n tly a lte re d during the p e r io d studied , th is o m is s ion p ro b a b ly had no a p p re c ia b le e ffe c t on the tren d s r e f le c te d .

s to p p a g e .6 An 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction sent the lo n g sh o re m e n b a ck to w ork on the 8th day o f the s tr ik e ; s te e lw o r k e r s w e r e o r d e r e d to retu rn to w ork on the 116th day o f th e ir s tr ik e . In both in s ta n ces , the d isp u tes w e re settled b e fo r e the e x p ira tion o f the 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction s . (C h ro n o lo g ie s o f im p orta n t d ev e lop m en ts in the s te e l and lo n g sh o re stop p ages a re p r e sented in a p p en d ices B and C, r e s p e c t iv e ly . )

S ize o f S toppages

Of the 3, 708 stop p a ges in 1959, 245 ( in clu d in g the s te e l s tr ik e ), o r 6. 6 p e rce n t, in v o lv e d 1, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s (ta b le 10). In ab so lu te and r e la t iv e te r m s , th is r e f le c te d a s ig n ifica n t d e c lin e in the n um ber o f la rg e stop p a ges co m p a re d w ith 1958 (332 stop p a ges , o r 9. 1 p e rce n t). The 245 stop p ages in v o lv ing 1, 000 w o r k e r s o r m o r e r e c o r d e d fo r 1959 r e p re s e n te d the s m a lle s t n um ber in th is c a te g o ry s in ce 1948 and on ly s lig h tly m o r e than h a lf o f the p ostw a r h igh re a ch e d in 1952, a y e a r noted fo r a 5 9 -d a y s te e l s tr ik e .

Tw enty stop p ages in v o lv ed 10,000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s in 1959, a s a ga in st 21 in 1958, and 13 in 1957 (ta b les 2 and 12). L ead ing the 20 in n u m b ers o f w o r k e r s in v o lv ed w as the s te e l s tr ik e (519, 000), fo llo w e d by the E ast and G ulf C oast lo n g sh o re stoppage (52, 000). The rem a in in g 18 fe l l w ith in the ran ge o f 10, 000 to 25, 000 w o r k e r s . A ltog e th er , th ese 20 stop p ages a ccou n ted fo r 45 p e r ce n t o f the to ta l num ber o f w o r k e r s in v o lv ed in 1959 stop p ages and, w ith the s te e l s tr ik e c o n tribu tin g the bulk , a lm o s t th re e -fo u r th s o f s tr ik e id le n e ss .

Stoppages in vo lv in g 6 but f e w e r than 20 w o r k e r s con tinued to a ccou n t fo r a su bstan tia l p ro p o r t io n o f a ll stop p a ges (17 . 8 p e rce n t) but le s s than o n e -h a lf o f 1 p e r c e n t o f tota l w o r k e r s in v o lv ed and m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s . 7 A nother 39 p e r ce n t o f a ll stop p ages in vo lved 20 but fe w e r than 100 w o rk e rs (tab le 10). The p re v a le n ce o f sm a ll stoppages has not changed m a te r ia lly in re ce n t y e a r s .

6 The s te e l c a s e r e p re se n te d the 17th tim e that the e m e rg e n cy p r o v is io n s p ro v id e d fo r under the T a ft -H a rt le y A ct had b een invoked .

7 It is re a so n a b le to a ssu m e , fr o m th ese fig u r e s , that the o m is s io n o f stop p a ges a f fe c t in g fe w e r than 6 w o r k e r s had no m e a s u ra b le e ffe c t on w o r k e r s in vo lved and id le n e ss to ta ls .


3A p p ro x im a te ly one out o f fou r stop p ages in v o lv ed tw o o r m o r e esta b lish m en ts , a p r o p o r t io n that has not changed s ig n ifica n tly in m o r e than a d eca d e (tab le 11). E leven o r m o r e esta b lish m en ts w e re in v o lv ed in 277 s to p p a g es , a ccou n tin g fo r 54 p e r ce n t o f the w o r k e r s in v o lv ed in a ll stop p a ges . C orresp on d in g f ig u re s fo r 1958 w e re 308 stoppages a ffe c tin g 49 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s . R oughly 1 out o f 10 m u ltie sta b lish m en t stop p ages (2 or m o r e es ta b lish m en ts ) c r o s s e d State lin e s .

D uration

The du ration o f w ork stoppages in c re a s e d s ig n ifica n tly during 1959. W hether or not the long s te e l s tr ik e in flu en ced the d u ra tion o f oth er s top p a ges , it w as, at any ra te , sy m p tom a tic o f a g e n e ra l lengthen ing o f s tr ik e s . S ince a su bstan tia l in c r e a s e in s tr ik e d u ra tion s m a y r e f le c t s ig n ifica n t ch anges in the c lim a te o r s tru ctu re o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t re la t io n s , it s e e m s a p p rop r ia te to exam ine the ev id en ce in m o r e than the usual deta il.

The a v e ra g e du ration o f stop p ages (in ca len d a r d a ys), in the com pu tation o f w h ich the s te e l s tr ik e r e c e iv e d no m o re w eigh t than any oth er stoppage, am ounted to 24. 6 days in 1959 (tab le 1). T his w as a p p ro x im a te ly 5 days lo n g e r than the 1958 and 1957 a v e ra g e s , and the h igh est y e a r ly a v e ra g e s in ce 1947. E lim in atin g the days when w ork w ould n o rm a lly not have b een sch ed u led , and r e fle c t in g the m agnitude o f the m a n -d a y s o f id le n e ss attribu ted to the s te e l s tr ik e , w o r k e r s in v o lv ed in 1959 stoppages w e re id led fo r an a v e ra g e o f 36. 7 days, the h igh est a v e ra g e in m o r e than 30 y e a r s . E ven if the 1959 s te e l s tr ik e w e re om itted , the a v e ra g e num ber o f days o f id le n e ss p e r w o rk e r in v o lv e d (a p p ro x im a te ly 20) w ou ld e x ce e d the le v e ls o f a ll p ostw a r y e a r s ex cep t 1946.

A s shown in tab le 13, 466 stop p agesla sted fo r 1 m onth but le s s than 2 m on th s; 211, fo r 2 m onths but le s s than 3 m on th s; and 221, fo r 3 m onths or m o r e . T h ese 898 stop p ages am ounted to 24 p e r ce n t o f the to ta l n um ber o f stop p a ges . In ab so lu te n u m b e r s , th ere w e re m o r e long stop p a ges in 1946, 1947, 1952, and 1953, and a lm o s t as m any in 1950, but as a p ro p o r t io n o f a ll s top p a ges , the 1959 fig u re ex ce e d e d a ll y e a r s a fte r 1947, as show n in the fo llow in g co lu m n .

The 221 stop p ages in 1959 that la sted 3 m onths o r lo n g e r not on ly r e p re s e n te d a high p oin t in the y e a r s a fte r 1946, but the to ta l w as p a r t ic u la r ly s ig n ifica n t in c o m p a r iso n , w ith r e c e n t y e a r s . F o r exam p le , th ere w e re 133 stop p a ges o f that du ra tion in 1958, 124 in 1957, 132 in 1956, and 137 in 1955.

Number o fstop p a ges

lastin g P ercen t1 month o f a llor more stop p a ges

1 9 4 6 --------------------------------- 1 ,2 0 9 2 4 .21947 _____________________ 964 2 5 .61948 --------------------------------- 111 2 2 .91949 --------------------------------- 773 2 1 .51950 _____________________ 879 1 8 .31951 --------------------------------- 735 1 5 .41952 --------------------------------- 976 19.21953 --------------------------------- 1 ,0 4 5 2 0 .51954 --------------------------------- 759 21.61955 --------------------------------- 768 1 7 .81956 _____________________ 698 1 8 .31957 _____________________ 723 1 9 .71958 --------------------------------- 735 20.21959 --------------------------------- 898 2 4 .0

Long d u ration s w e r e m o r e p re v a le n t am ong l a r g e than am ong s m a l l s tr ik e s . E ig h ty -on e , o r a th ird o f the stop p ages in v o lv in g 1, 000 o r m o r e w o rk e rs , la s te d fo r a m onth o r m o r e . In con tra st, in each o f the sm a lle r s iz e in te rv a ls shown in tab le 10, the p ro p o r t io n o f s t o p p a g e s la st in g fo r a m onth o r m o r e w as a p p rox im a te ly at or s lig h tly b e low the p ro p o r t io n fo r a ll s to p p a g es (2 4 p e rce n t). O f p a r ticu la r note is the fa c t that m o r e than h a lf o f the 20 m a jo r s to p p ages (d e s c r ib e d in tab le 12) la sted fo r a m onth o r m o r e and 4 la sted fo r 3 o r m o re m onths. In the la tter ca te g o ry w e re the s te e l s tr ik e , the th ree -S ta te b itum inous co a l s to p page, the New Y ork b a k ery str ik e , and the K en n ecott C opper s tr ik e (the on ly one o f the n o n fe rro u s m eta l m in in g stop p ages to in v o lv e 10, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ) .

A h igh er p ro p o r t io n o f the stop p ages in m an u factu rin g (31 p e rce n t) than in nonm anufa ctu rin g in d u str ie s (18 p e rce n t) la sted fo r a m onth o r lo n g e r . O f the 21 in du stry g rou p s in w h ich 50 o r m o r e stop p ages w e re r e c o r d e d in 1959 (ta b le 5), the fo llow in g 8 had at le a s t 30 p e r ce n t o f its stop p ages la s t fo r a m onth or m o r e : P rin tin g and pu b lish ing , m a ch in e ry(e x ce p t e le c t r ic a l ) , ch e m ica ls , lu m b er , e l e c t r ic a l m a ch in e ry , fa b r ica te d m eta l p ro d u cts , w h o le sa le and re ta il trade , and tra n s p o r ta tion equ ipm ent.

A p p ro x im a te ly 38 p e r ce n t o f the year*s stop p ages that la s ted fo r a fu ll day o r sh ift o r m o r e w e re se ttled w ith in a w eek . 8 T h ese stop p ages a ffe c te d s lig h tly m o r e than a fifth o f the w o r k e r s in v o lv ed in a ll s top p a ges , and

8 S toppages la stin g fo r le s s than a fu ll day or sh ift a re not a ccou n ted fo r in th ese s ta t is t ic s .


4accounted for only 1. 4 percent of the total man-days of idleness. Both the number of w orkers involved and man-days of idleness were below 1958 levels (table 13).

Major Issues

Disagreement over econom ic term s wages, hours, and supplementary benefits was the principal issue in half of 1959 stoppages, reflecting no change in relative im portance over 1958 (table 4) and little change over the preceding 4 years. About three out of five stoppages affecting 1, 000 or m ore workers and m ost of the m ajor stoppages identified in table 12, including steel, were in this category, although other issues (as in the steel stoppage)9 also were prominent in many stoppages.

A.Ustoppages Stoppages lasting

ending in 1959 1 month or longer

Issue

All s to p p a g e s --------------------------Wages, hours, and supple

mentary benefits ------------ ------Union organization, wages,

hours, and supplementaryb e n e f i t s ---------------- -------------

Union org an iza tion ------------------Other working c o n d it io n s ----------Interunion or intraunion

matters ----------------------------- Not reported------ ------ -----------------

Number Number Percent

3,747 898 24

1,888 515 27

368 141 38319 91 29758 111 15

353 31 961 9 15

matters, were settled within a week. 10 The ratio for all stoppages was approximately 38 percent (table 13).

Union recognition or other matters~~involving the security of the union was a m ajor issue in 664 stoppages; in over half of these, econom ic issues were also important. A lthough the union organization stoppage was m ore frequent in 1959 than in 1958, the level continued low by postwar experience.

The number of stoppages in which a d is pute over work rules and other working conditions was the only or m ajor issue declined from 876 in 1958 to 761 in 1959. Of these, 78 involved 1, 000 or m ore workers (about 1 out of 3 stoppages of this magnitude). In term s of number of stoppages and workers involved, the 1959 record in this issue category was relatively low by postwar standards. However, the prominence of this type of issue in other stoppages m u s t also be t a k e n into account.

Stoppages caused by inter union or intraunion issues, mainly jurisdictional disputes, continued to increase in number, whereas the number of workers involved declined. The 350 stoppages recorded in this category in 1959 was the highest number reached in the postwar period. On the other hand, fewer workers were involved (32, 000) than in any other year, with the exception of 1947.

Stoppages involving union organization issues tended to last longer than other types, followed by econom ic issues, as shown in the following column.

Approximately 60 percent of the stoppages involving other working conditions, and 53 percent of the stoppages over interunion

Industries Affected

Continuing a differential prevailing since 1949 (except for 1954), all m easures of strike activity were higher for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing industries (table 5). The number of stoppages in manufacturing was up slightly over the 1958 level, but the number of workers involved was down by m ore than 200, 000 despite the steel strike. However, man-days of idleness, at 55. 5 m illion, was second only to the 1946 peak. In nonmanufacturing, the number of stoppages was at a postwar low; the number of workers involved increased slightly over 1958, but was still at a relatively low postwar level; but man-days of idleness, reflecting a sharp increase in lost time in mining, reached its highest level since 1952.

In addition to the basic steel industry, the steel strike directly involved substantial numbers of workers and man-days of id leness in mining (iron and bituminous coal) and fabricated metal products (particularly structural steel), and lesser numbers in transportation (water), nonelectrical machinery, furniture (metal), and trade (see appendix table B -l) . Despite the long steel shutdown, the number of stoppages in p r imary metal industries increased by approximately 40 percent over the 1958 level. Strike

9 See appendix B.10 Note should be taken, particularly with

regard to these categories, that stoppages lasting for less than a day or full shift are omitted from these data.


5activity in the transportation equipment industry was substantially below 1958 (marked by large automobile stoppages); the number of workers involved in 1959 strikes reached a postwar low, while the level of strike id leness was lower than all postwar years except 1954 and 1957. With m ajor stoppages in three of the four large tire companies, the rubber products industry recorded a new postwar high for man-days of idleness. With a long stoppage at Swift and Co. , man-days of id leness also increased substantially in food industries, reaching the highest level since 1948. The number of w orkers and man-days of idleness in textile stoppages were substantially higher than 1958 levels. On the other hand, the apparel industry, which experienced a long dress strike in 1958, recorded a marked decline in number of workers and man-days of idleness.

Among nonmanufacturing industries, man- days of idleness in mining, reflecting the long stoppages in iron, coal, and copper mining, reached its highest mark since 1950. All m easures of strike activity in construction were lower than in 1958, but wholesale and retail trade, with large New York and Los Angeles strikes, saw an increase in workers involved and man-days idle over 1958 levels.

Stoppages by Location

R egions. Man-days of idleness rose in 1959 in all regions, particularly in those a ffected by the steel strike (table 6 and appendix table B -2). The Mountain States had the largest relative increase (not prim arily due to the steel strike) where idleness as a percentage of estimated working time rose from 0. 19 percent in 1958 to 1. 32 percent in 1959. Other significant regional changes include a substantial decline in workers involved in the East North Central region (1958 auto strikes involved m ore workers than the 1959 steel strike) and a m ore than 50 percent increase in workers involved in the East South Central region.

States. The steel strike involved w orkers in 32 States (appendix table B-2). More than 10, 000 workers and m ore than a m illion man-days of idleness were attributed to the following 10 States: Alabama, California, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The latter two were m ost largely affected161,000 w orkers in Pennsylvania and 87, 800 in Ohio.

Leading the States in number of stoppages were New York (470), Pennsylvania (454), Ohio (391), California (260), New Jersey (249), and Illinois (231) (table 7). In all of

these States except New Jersey, m ore than100,000 workers w e r e involved in stoppages. In addition, Indiana had m ore than 100, 000 workers affected. The highest man- day losses were registered in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana, but in term s of man-days as a percentage of all working time in non- agricultural employment, Montana (2.47 p ercent), Utah (2. 37), and Arizona (2. 33) led all others.

Metropolitan A reas. More than 100 stoppages were recorded for five metropolitan areas Chicago, Los AngelesLong Beach, New YorkNortheastern New Jersey (high with 460 stoppages), Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh (table 8). In three of these areas Chicago, New York, and Pittsburgh the number of workers involved exceeded 100, 000. In addition to these m ajor areas, man-days of idleness were at high levels in areas affected by the steel stoppage.

More than 5,000 workers were involved in the steel stoppage in each of 19 metropolitan areas (appendix table B-3). Most strongly a ffected were Pittsburgh (92,900 workers), Chicago (82, 000), and Youngstown, Ohio (43, 000).

Monthly Trends

For each of the first 7 months of 1959, the number of stoppages was substantially higher than in the corresponding month of 1958; for the remaining 5 months, the number was lower (table 3). On the other hand, the monthly pattern of strike activity for 1959, measured in terms of new stoppages, closely resem bled that for 1957. Hence, there is no evidence in these data that the steel stoppage had an appreciable impact on the volume of strike activity.

There is evidence, however, that stoppages tended to be longer in the second half of 1959 than in the first half (the steel strike began in m id-July). For stoppages involving fewer than 1, 000 workers, the number of days of idleness per worker was about 50 percent higher in the second half than in the first half of the year. Among larger stoppages (ex cluding steel), a sim ilar, but sm aller, d ifference was also noted.

The seasonal influences im plicit in the monthly changes in the number of stoppages were also reflected in the frequency of larger


6stoppages. The following tabulation shows the number of new stoppages affecting m ore than 1, 000 workers, by month, for 1959:

January. . . . . . . . . . . . . ------- ------------------ . . . __ 14

March _______________________________________ 21April _______________________________________ 21May ------------------------------------- . . . -------------------- 35June ------------------------------------------------------------- 34July ------------------------------------------------------------- 34

September___________ 16

N ovember ____ . . . . . -------------------- ----------- 11December------ ---------------- ----------- 6

As previously noted, the total number of stoppages affecting 1, 000 or m ore workers was exceptionally low in 1959.

Unions Involved

As in 1958, approximately three-fourths of the stoppages involved affiliates of the AFL-CIO (table 9). Despite the steel strike, there was a decline in the number of AFL-CIO m em bers on strike; on the other hand, w orkers involved in stoppages of unaffiliated unions (e. g. , the United Mine W orkers, the Team sters, and the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers) was higher in 1959 than in 1958. A lthough man-days of idleness in unaffiliated union stoppages almost doubled, idleness in AFL-CIO stoppages, accounting for 90 p ercent of the total, was about three times higher than in 1958, the difference being attributable to the steel stoppage.

Methods of Terminating Stoppages

The steel and longshore stoppages, ended by Taft-Hartley injunctions, were but 2 of 514 stoppages terminated in 1959 without a form al settlement (table 14). In 1, 392, or almost half of the stoppages resulting in a settlement, the assistance of Federal or State m ediators was reported by the parties. Aid of non-Government mediator s or agencies was indicated in 173 stoppages, reflecting a small but continued growth in private mediation.

Disposition of Issues 11

The settlements that ended 318 stoppages, but which did not resolve all important issues, included agreement between the parties on a method of disposing of these issues after the resumption of work. D irect negotiation was the principal method. Arbitration was agreed upon in 70 situations, reflecting no appreciable change in the prevalence of this use of arbitration as compared with 1958 but som ewhat less than in earlier years.

11 Since the steel and longshore stoppages were ended without settlements, they were included, for purposes of table 15, in the category of stoppages with "issues settled or disposed of at termination of stoppage. " Although the wording of this phrase does not quite fit stoppages ended by injunction, the inclusion of steel and longshore stoppages in this category conform s to previous Bureau practice. The purpose of this table is to spotlight methods by which em ployers and unions may terminate stoppages by agreement, without necessarily settling all issues in dispute.


Chart I.TRENDS IN WORK STOPPAGES

THOUSANDS

IDLENESSMILLIONS

125

100

75

50

25

0MILLIONS PERCENT


8Chart 2.

WORKERS INVOLVED A N D IDLENESS IN W O RK STOPPAGES, EXCLUSIVE OF BASIC STEEL, MOTOR VEHICLES,

A N D BITUMINOUS COAL, 1945 59

M ILLIO N S M ILL IO N S

M ILLIO N S M ILLIO N S

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS


9TABLE 1. WORK STOPPAGES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1927-591

Y ear

W ork stoppages W ork ers in v o lv ed 2 M an-days id le during year

N um berA v era g e duration (ca len dar

d a y s )3

N um ber(thousands)

P ercen t o f total

em ployedNum ber

(thousands)

P ercen t o f estim a ted

w ork ing tim e o f a ll

w o rk e rs

P erw ork erin volved

1927 ................................. 707 2 6 .5 330 1 .4 26 ,200 0 .3 7 7 9 .51928 _ _ 604 27 .6 314 1 .3 12 ,600 . 17 4 0 .21929 - - _ 921 2 2 .6 289 1 .2 5 ,3 50 .07 18 .51930 637 2 2 .3 183 .8 3 ,3 20 .05 18.1

1931 810 18 .8 342 1 .6 6 ,8 9 0 . 11 2 0 .21932 .................. 841 19.6 324 1 .8 10 ,500 .2 3 3 2 .41933 .................... 1 ,695 16.9 1,170 6 .3 16,900 .3 6 1 4 .41934 ___________________________________ 1 ,856 19 .5 1,470 7 .2 19 ,600 .38 1 3 .41935 ----------------------------------------------------- 2 ,0 1 4 23 .8 1,120 5 .2 15,500 .29 13.8

1936 _ 2 ,1 7 2 2 3 .3 789 3. 1 13 ,900 .21 17 .61937 . _ ____ 4 ,7 4 0 2 0 .3 1,860 7 .2 28 ,400 .43 15 .31938 _ 2 ,7 72 2 3 .6 688 2 .8 9, 150 .1 5 13 .31939 ___________________________________ 2 ,6 1 3 2 3 .4 1,170 4 .7 17,800 .28 15 .21940 ................................. 2 ,5 08 2 0 .9 577 2. 3 6 ,7 0 0 . 10 11 .6

1941 4 ,2 8 8 18.3 2 ,3 6 0 8 .4 23 ,000 .32 9 .81942 ___________________________________ 2 ,9 68 11 .7 840 2 .8 4 ,1 8 0 .0 5 ' 5* 01943 _______ 3 ,7 52 5 ,0 1,980 6 .9 13,500 .15 6 .81944 . . . ____ 4 ,9 5 6 5 .6 2 ,1 2 0 7 .0 8 ,7 2 0 .0 9 4 .11945 ----------------------------------------------------- 4 ,7 5 0 9 .9 3 ,4 70 12 .2 38 ,000 .4 7 11 .0

1946 .................................................... 4 ,9 8 5 2 4 .2 4 ,6 0 0 14 .5 116,000 1.43 2 5 .21947 ............................................................... 3 ,6 93 2 5 .6 2 , 170 6 .5 34 ,600 .41 15 .91948 .................................................... 3 ,4 1 9 2 1 .8 1 ,960 5 .5 3 4 ,100 .3 7 1 7 .41949 ............................................. 3 ,6 06 2 2 .5 3 ,0 30 9 .0 5 0 ,500 .59 16.71950 ______________________ _________ 4 ,8 4 3 19 .2 2 ,4 1 0 6 .9 38 ,800 .4 4 16. 1

1951 _ _____ __ _ __ 4 ,7 3 7 17 .4 2 ,2 2 0 5 .5 2 2 ,9 0 0 .23 10 .31952 . .................................. 5 , 117 19 .6 3 ,5 40 8 .8 59 ,100 .57 16 .71953 _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ,0 91 2 0 .3 2 ,4 0 0 5 .6 28 ,300 .26 11 .81954 .............................. ......... 3 ,4 68 22 .5 1,530 3 .7 22 ,600 .21 14 .71955 ............................................................ 4 ,3 2 0 18.5 2 ,6 50 6 .2 28 ,200 .26 10 .7

1956 ______________________ 3 ,8 25 18.9 1 ,900 4 .3 33 ,100 .29 17 .41957 " ~~~ ____ 3 ,6 7 3 19.2 1,390 3 .1 16,500 . 14 11 .41958 ............................................................... 3 ,6 9 4 19.7 2 ,0 6 0 4 .8 2 3 ,900 .22 11.61959 _________________________________ 3, 708 2 4 .6 1, 880 4 .3 69 ,000 . 61 36. 7

1 The num ber o f stoppages and w ork ers rela te to those beginning in the y ea r ; average d uration , to thoseending in the y e a r . M an-days o f id len ess include a ll stoppages in e ffe c t .

A vailable in form ation fo r e a r l ie r p eriod s appears in the Handbook o f L a b or S ta tistics (BLS B u ll. 1016),table E -2 . F o r a d is cu ss io n o f the p ro ce d u re s in volved in the c o lle c t io n and com p ila tion o f w ork stoppage s ta t is t ic s , see T ech niqu es o f P rep a rin g M ajor BLS S ta tistica l S er ie s (BLS B ull. 1168), ch . 12.

2 W ork ers are counted m ore than once if they w ere involved in m ore than 1 stoppage during the y e a r .3 F igu res are sim ple a v era g es ; each stoppage is g iven equal weight r e g a rd le ss o f its s iz e .


10TABLE 2. WORK STOPPAGES INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS, SELECTED PERIODS

Stoppages involving 10 ,000 or m ore w ork ers

P e r io dN um ber

W ork ers in volved M an -days id le

Numbe r (thousands)

P e rce n t o f total fo r

p eriodNumbe r

(thousands)1P e rc e n t o f

total fo r p eriod

1935-39 average ____________________ 11 365 3 2 .4 5 ,2 90 3 1 .21947-49 average ____________________ 18 1 ,270 5 3 .4 2 3 ,800 5 9 .91945 ....................... ................................. . 42 1, 350 38. 9 19,300 5 0 .71946 .................................... ......................... 31 2, 920 63. 6 66 ,400 5 7 .21947 ________________________ _______ 15 1 ,030 4 7 .5 17 ,700 5 1 .21948 ____________________________ 20 870 44. 5 18 ,900 5 5 .31949 ________ _________________________ 18 1, 920 63 .2 34 ,900 69 .01950 ________________________________ 22 738 30. 7 2 1 ,7 0 0 5 6 .01951 ________________________ _______ 19 457 20. 6 5, 680 2 4 .81952 ____________ 35 1, 690 4 7 .8 36 ,900 6 2 .61953 __________________________________ 28 650 27. 1 7 ,270 2 5 .71954 ............................ ................................. 18 43 7 28. 5 7 ,520 3 3 .31955 ______________ 26 1 ,210 45. 6 12 ,300 4 3 .41956 ______ __________ _______________ 12 758 3 9 .9 19,600 5 9 .11957 ______ . . ____________ _______ 13 283 2 0 .4 3 ,0 50 1 8 .51958 ............................................................. 21 823 4 0 .0 10 ,600 4 4 .21959 ___________ _______________________ 20 845 4 5 .0 50 ,800 73. 7

l Includes id len ess in stoppages beginning in e a r l ie r y e a r s .

TABLE 3. WORK STOPPAGES BY MONTH, 1958-59

Month

N um ber o f stoppages W ork ers in volved in stoppages M an -da ys id le during m onth

B eginningin

m onth

In e ffe c t during m onth

Beginning in m onth

(thousands)

In e ffe c t during m onth

Numbe r (thousands)

P ercen t o f total

em ployedN um ber

(thousands)

P e rce n t o f estim a ted

total w orking

tim e

1958

January _____________________________ 208 3 07 83 98 0. 23 595 0. 06F eb ru a ry ____________________________ 159 262 36 52 . 12 404 . 05M arch _______________________________ 195 309 159 182 . 43 1 ,240 . 14A p ril _________________________________ 293 411 82 122 .2 9 1, 100 . 12M a y ----------------------------------------------------- 360 519 156 200 . 48 1, 940 . 22J u n e ________ _______________________ 374 552 156 247 . 58 1,850 .2 1July ________ ____ _____________________ 399 596 159 238 . 56 2, 160 .2 3A u g u s t _______________________________ 403 638 162 288 . 67 2, 160 . 24S eptem ber ___________________________ 471 7 12 324 414 . 96 2 ,4 0 0 . 26O c to b e r ______________________________ 391 637 463 531 1.23 5 ,4 2 0 . 55N ovem ber ___________________________ 305 497 224 296 . 68 2 ,2 1 0 .2 7D ecem b er 136 357 58 169 . 39 2 ,4 3 0 . 25

1959

January _____________________ ______ 217 378 76 168 . 39 1, 800 . 20F eb ru a ry ____________________________ 206 347 74 130 . 31 1, 360 . 16M arch _______________________________ 3 05 462 103 159 . 37 1, 270 . 13A p ril _________________________________ 406 593 149 233 . 54 2, 380 .2 5M a y ___________________________________ 442 688 167 294 . 67 3, 010 . 33June __________________________________ 460 722 183 330 . 74 2, 890 .2 9July __________________________________ 42 0 681 668 787 1. 78 9 ,2 3 0 . 95A u g u s t _______________________________ 380 636 161 757 1.71 13 ,400 1 .4 4S eptem ber _ _ 322 624 109 781 1.76 13,800 1 .48O ctobe r _____________________________ 277 548 125 775 1. 75 14, 100 1. 45N ovem ber ___________________________ 161 402 41 652 1.47 4 ,3 0 0 .4 8D ecem b e r ___________________________ 112 285 23 101 .2 2 1 ,430 . 14


11

TABLE 4. MAJOR ISSUES INVOLVED IN WORK STOPPAGES, 1959

Stoppages beginning in 1959 M an -da ys id le during 1959

(a ll stopp ages)M a jor issu es P ercen t

o ftotal

W ork ers involved

Numbe rN um ber

P ercen tof

tota lN um ber

P ercen to f

total

A ll is su e s ____________________________________ 3, 708 100. 0 1, 880, 000 100. 0 69, 000, 000 100. 0

W ages, h ou rs , and supplem entary b en efits _____________________________________ 1, 872 50. 5 1, 320, 000 70. 5 6 1 ,2 0 0 , 000 88. 6

W age in c r e a s e 1__________________________Wage d e cr e a s e ___________________________

1,20914

3 2 .6.4

924, 000 1, 650

4 9 .2 . 1

49, 100, 000 8 6 ,1 0 0

71. 1 . 1

Wage in c r e a s e , hour d e cre a s e ________ 51 1.4 3 3 ,6 0 0 1. 8 69 5 ,0 0 0 1. 0Wage d e cr e a s e , hour in cre a se ________ 2 . 1 2, 510 . 1 4 4 ,3 0 0 . 1Wage in c r e a s e , p en sion , an d /or

s o c ia l in surance ben efits _ 280 7 .6 167,000 8. 9 7, 030, 000 10.2P en sion an d /or so c ia l in surance

b en efits _________________________________ 27 .7 6 3 ,2 0 0 3 .4 1, 880, 000 2. 7Other 2 ___________________________________ 289 7. 8 134,000 7. 1 2, 390, 000 3. 5

Union organ iza tion , w ages, h ou rs ,and supplem entary b en efits _____________ 361 9 .7 9 5 ,5 0 0 5. 1 2 ,4 7 0 , 000 3. 6

R ecogn ition , w a g e s , a n d /o rh ou rs _____________________________________ 261 7. 0 17, 900 1. 0 411, 000 .6

Strengthening bargain ing position , w ag es, an d /or h ou rs ___________________ 17 . 5 2 ,2 8 0 . 1 3 9 ,0 0 0 . 1

Union se cu r ity , w ages, an d /or h ou rs _____________________________________ 83 2 .2 7 5 ,3 0 0 4. 0 2, 020, 000 2. 9

Union o r g a n iz a t io n ___________________________ 3 03 8 .2 5 8 ,4 0 0 3. 1 1 ,7 00 , 000 2. 5

R ecogn ition _______________________________ 204 5 .5 14 ,100 .8 251, 000 .4Strengthening bargain ing p o s it io n ______ 19 . 5 2 5 ,1 0 0 1.3 1, 190, 000 1. 7Union s e c u r it y _____________________________ 55 1.5 11, 800 .6 2 2 6 ,0 0 0 . 3D is c r im in a t io n ____________________________ 5 . 1 2, 560 . 1 5, 140 ( 3 )Other ______________________________________ 20 .5 4, 880 .3 2 7 ,0 0 0 ( 3 )

Other w ork ing con d ition s _________________ 761 20 .5 3 6 2 ,00 0 19 .3 3 ,4 0 0 , 000 4. 9

Job secu rity ___________________________ 388 10.5 212, 000 11.3 2 ,2 1 0 , 000 3 .2Shop con d ition s and p o lic ie s ____________ 324 8. 7 134,000 7. 1 9 0 8 ,00 0 1. 3W orkload ____ _____________________________ 38 1. 0 12, 800 . 7 2 2 4 ,0 0 0 .1Other ________________________ . . ._________ 11 .3 2 ,7 9 0 . 1 5 1 ,4 0 0 . 1

Interunion o r intraunion m a tters ___ ______ 350 9 ,4 32 , 000 i . 7 2 2 2 ,0 0 0 . 3

S y m p a th y__ _________ . . . ___ ____ ___________ 51 1.4 8 ,9 9 0 .5 64,600 . 1Union rivalry 4 ______ . . . . -------------- --------------Jurisdiction * . . . . . ___ _______________________

18 1. 0 5 ,5 9 0 . 3 42,400 . 1257 6 .* 17,400 , 9 111, 000 .2

(3)Union ad m in istration * . . . ________________ 2 . 1 90, ( 3 > 210

Not rep orted _________________________________ 61 1.6 5 ,7 6 0 .3 30, 500 (3)

1 T h is group in clu d es the nationwide stee l stoppage. In addition to the un ions' dem and fo r w age an d /or fr inge ben efit in c r e a s e s , the is su e s in the stee l strike a lso included com pany p rop osa ls fo r changes in w ork ing ru les .

2 Issu es such as re troa ctiv ity , h o lid ay s, v aca tion s, job c la ss if ica t io n , p iece ra tes , incentive standards, or other re la ted m a tters unaccom panied by p ro p o s a ls to e ffe c t g en era l changes in wage ra tes are included in this c* teg b $ y . l i g h t l y le s s than a third o f the stoppages in this group o c c u r r e d o v e r p iece ra tes or incentive standards.

* Less than, 0. 05 percent.* In clu d es d ispu tes betw eeh unions o f d iffe ren t a ffilia t io n such a s those betw een unions a ffilia ted with the

ahd n on a ffilia tes .5 In clu d es d isp u tes betw een unions o f the sam e a ffilia t ion .6 in c lu d es d ispu tes w ithin a union ov er the ad m in istra tion o f union a f fa ir s o r reg u la tion s .

NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equ al to ta ls .


12

TABLE 5. WORK STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 1959

Stoppages beginning in 1959

M an -da ys id le during 1959 (a ll stopp ages)

Industry groupN um ber W ork ersin v olv ed N um ber

P e rcen t o f estim a ted

total w orking tim e 1

A ll in d u str ies ___ _______________________ ______ a3 ,708 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 .6 1

M anufacturing ________________________ _ ___ a2 ,043 1 ,2 8 0 ,0 0 0 5 5 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 .3 4

P rim a r y m eta l in d u str ies ______________________F a b r ica ted m eta l p rod u cts , except

ord n an ce , m a ch in ery , and

236 575 ,000 3 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 13 .77

tra n sp orta tion equipm ent ______ __ ______ 276 100,000 3 ,1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1. 14O rdnance and a c c e s s o r ie s _____ ________E le c tr ic a l m a ch in ery , equipm ent,

13 8 ,2 9 0 125,000 .3 4

and su pp lies _______ ______________________ 96 4 8 ,1 0 0 8 2 0 ,00 0 .2 5M ach in ery , ex cep t e le c tr ic a l __________________ 217 8 2 ,7 0 0 2 ,8 2 0 ,0 0 0 .68T ra n sp orta tion eq u ip m en t_______________________L um ber and w ood p rod u cts , except

108 76 ,500 1 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 .32

fu rn itu re _________________________ _____________ 58 14 ,100 2 1 0 ,00 0 .12F urniture and fix tu res __________________________ 101 16 ,000 4 2 2 ,00 0 .4 3Stone, c la y , and g la ss p roducts _______________ 165 50 ,800 1 ,2 3 0 ,0 0 0 .8 7T ex tile m ill p roducts _____________________ ____A p parel and other fin ish ed products m ade

70 2 3 ,5 0 0 22 9 ,00 0 .09

fro m fa b r ics and s im ila r m a ter ia ls _________ 122 19 ,100 25 3 ,00 0 .08L eather and leath er products ___________________ 38 5 ,5 70 53 ,300 .0 5F ood and kindred products _____________ _______ 169 8 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 2 0 ,0 0 0 .4 5T o b a c c o m anu factures ________________________ 1 900 6 ,3 0 0 .02P aper and a llied p roducts ___________________ 59 18 ,700 4 4 2 ,00 0 .30P rin tin g , publish ing, and a llied in d u s t r ie s ___ 58 2 4 ,4 0 0 352,000 . 15C h em ica ls and a llied products _________________ 97 19 ,600 4 2 2 ,00 0 . 19P etro leu m re fin in g and re la ted in d u s t r ie s ____R ubber and m isce lla n eou s p la stics

18 18 ,000 550 ,000 .92

P r o fe s s io n a l, s c ie n t if ic , and con tro llin g in stru m en ts; photograph ic and op tica l

62 76 ,800 1 ,9 3 0 ,0 0 0 2 .9 0

g ood s ; w atches and c lo ck s _______ __ ______ 26 8 ,6 8 0 158,000 . 18M isce lla n eou s m anufacturing in d u stries _____ 68 11 ,300 179,000 . 14

N onm anufacturing _ _______ _______________ a 1.672 6 0 0 .00 0 1 3 .5 0 0 .0 0 0 3 .19

A g r icu ltu re , fo r e s t r y , and fis h e r ie s __________ 10 2 ,2 3 0 6 5 ,700 ( * )M ining ______ __________ ____________________ ___ 187 120,000 5 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 .2 6C on tract con stru ction ___________________________ 771 2 5 1 ,00 0 4 ,1 2 0 ,0 0 0 .58W h olesa le and re ta il trade _____________ __ 311 72 ,200 1 ,5 7 0 ,0 0 0 .0 5F in an ce , in su ra n ce , and re a l estate __________T ra n sp orta tion , com m u n ica tion , e le c t r ic ,

11 770 4 ,3 1 0 ( 4 )

g a s , and san itary s e r v ic e s _________________ 233 140,000 1 ,9 1 0 ,0 0 0 .19S e r v ic e s _____________________________ ___________ 128 12 ,700 190,000 l 4 )G overnm ent ______________________________________ 25 2 ,0 5 0 10 ,500 ( 4 )

1 M an -da ys o f em ploym ent in the p rim a ry m eta l in d u str ies group during the stee l strike have been com puted on the b a sis o f average em ploym ent throughout the a ffected m on th s, rath er than on the usual b a sis o f em ploym ent in the pay p er iod ending n ea res t the fifteenth o f each m onth. In Ju ly , em ploym en t in p rim a ry m eta ls w as 1 ,2 6 6 ,0 0 0 in the pay p er iod ending the fifteen th , and w as p resu m ed to be 778 ,000 during the secon d half o f the m onth. In N ov em b er , em ploym ent w as 1 ,1 9 6 ,0 0 0 in the pay p eriod ending n ea rest the fifteen th , and w as p resu m ed to hold at this le v e l in the la s t 3 w eeks o f the m onth, but was redu ced by 4 7 6 ,00 0 in the f ir s t w eek o f the m onth, during w hich tim e the stee l strike w as in p r o g r e s s .

If the p ercen tage o f tim e lo s t w ere ca lcu la ted on the b a sis o f ra tio o f tim e lo s t to tim e w ork ed plus tim e lo s t , the p ercen tag es w ould have been 12 .12 in p rim a ry m etal in d u stries and 1 .3 3 in the m anufacturing grou p .

a Stoppages extending into 2 or m o re industry groups have been coun ted in each industry group a ffected ; w o rk e rs in vo lved and m an -d a ys id le w ere a llo ca ted to the r e sp e ct iv e g rou p s .

3 E x clu des govern m en t.4 Not a v a ila b le .N O TE : B ecau se o f roun din g, sum s o f ind ividual item s m ay not equal to ta ls .


13

TABLE 6. WORK STOPPAGES BY REGION,1 1959 and 1958

Stoppages beginning in

W ork ers in volved M an -da ys id le P ercen t o f estim atedin stoppages during total w orking

R egion beginning in (a ll stopp ages) tim e

1959 1958 1959 1958 1959 1958 1959 1958

United States ________________ *3 ,7 08 *3 .6 9 4 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 6 0 ,0 0 0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 .6 1 0 .2 2

New England _ _____ ______ 264 282 73 ,200 78 ,600 1 ,4 6 0 ,0 0 0 85 6 ,00 0 0. 18 0 .1 1M iddle A tlantic ______________ 1,173 1,127 587,000 510,000 2 1 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 5 ,1 9 0 ,0 0 0 .82 .20E ast N orth C entral _________ 1,008 1,050 572,000 928 ,000 2 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 0 .91 .39W est N orth C entral ________ 303 322 105,000 99 ,6 0 0 3 ,6 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 4 0 ,0 0 0 .42 . 17South A tlantic _______________ 356 411 134,000 128,000 4 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .29 .11E ast South C en tra l _________ 228 207 102,000 66 ,8 0 0 4 , 180,000 83 7 ,00 0 .76 . 16W e s t S o u t h C e n t r a l 156 197 57 ,400 6 6 ,300 1 ,8 6 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 7 0 ,0 0 0 .21 . 16M ou n ta in ____________________ 140 141 9 7 ,4 0 0 36 ,300 4 ,6 4 0 ,0 0 0 622 ,000 1.32 .19P a c i f i c 3 __ ___ __ ______ 369 330 150,000 146,000 4 ,7 4 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 5 0 ,0 0 0 .38 .21

1 The reg ion s used in this study in clude: New England C on n ecticu t, M ain e , M a ssa ch u setts , New H am pshire ,Rhode Island, and V erm on t; M iddle A tla n tic New J e r s e y , New Y ork , and P enn sylvan ia ; E ast N orth C entral Illin o is , Indiana, M ich igan , O hio, and W iscon sin ; W est N orth C en tra l Iow a, K an sas, M innesota , M isso u r i, N ebraska , N orth D akota, and South Dakota; South A tlan tic--D elaw are, D is tr ic t o f C olu m bia , F lo r id a , G eorg ia , M aryland , N orth C a ro lin a , South C a ro lin a , .V irg in ia , and W est V irg in ia ; E ast South C entral A la b a m a , Kentucky, M is s is s ip p i, and T en n essee ; W est South CentralA rkansas, L ou isian a , Oklahom a, and T exas; Klountain-A rizon a , C olorado, Idaho, M ontana, N evada, New M e x ico , Utah, and W yom ing; and P a c if ic A la sk a , C a lifo rn ia , O reg on , and W ashington.

a Stoppages extending a c r o s s State lin es have been counted in each State a ffe c ted ; w ork ers in vo lved and m an- days id le w ere a llo ca ted am ong the S tates.

3 Data p r io r to 1959 ex c lu d es A la sk a .

NOTE; B ecause o f roun din g, sum s o f ind ividual item s m ay not equal tota ls .


14

TABLE 7. WORK STOPPAGES BY STATE, 1959

Stoppages beginning in 1959

M an-days id le during 1959 (a ll stopp ages)

State

N um ber W ork ersin volved N um berP e rce n t o f estim a ted

total w orking tim e

United States ____________________________________ 13 ,7 0 8 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 0. 61

A la b a m a _____________________________________ _____ 73 51, 300 2 ,4 8 0 , 000 1. 64A lask a _____________________________________________ 10 4 ,9 0 0 262 ,000 ( 2 )A r iz o n a _____________________________________________ 28 3 0 ,600 1 ,4 3 0 ,0 0 0 2. 33A rkan sas ___________________________________________ 25 3, 170 7 1 ,000 . 09C a li fo r n ia ________________________________________ 260 102,000 3 ,3 4 0 ,0 0 0 . 34

C o lora d o ___________________________________________ 30 2 2 ,400 75 0 ,00 0 . 76C o n n e ct icu t________________________________________ 68 2 0 ,500 38 4 ,00 0 . 18D e la w a r e ___________________________________________ 7 2 ,5 0 0 154,000 .4 5D is tr ic t o f C o lu m b ia _____________________________ 11 5 ,9 0 0 5 0 ,3 0 0 . 07F lo r id a _____________________________________________ 99 27, 100 27 6 ,00 0 . 10

G e o r g ia _____________________________________ _____ 22 3, 660 112,000 . 05Idaho _______________________________________________ 17 3 ,4 2 0 2 2 ,4 0 0 . 07I l l in o i s _____________________________________________ 231 112 ,000 4 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 .5 7In d ia n a _____________________________________________ 153 117,000 5 ,6 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 .8 3Iow a _________ _______________ ________ ________ 63 2 4 ,600 5 4 1 ,00 0 .'38

K ansas __ _ _ ____ _ 26 6 ,4 40 64 ,700 . 05K entucky ____________________________________ _____ 83 3 0 ,200 1 ,2 2 0 ,0 0 0 .9 1L o u is ia n a _____ __ _____________________________ 36 17, 500 28 6 ,00 0 . 17M aine ______ ______________________ ____ ______ 19 1, 280 12 ,500 . 02M a r y la n d ___________ ____________________________ 38 38, 300 2 ,4 4 0 , 000 1. 30

M a s s a ch u s e t ts _____________________________________ 134 4 3 ,0 0 0 909,000 . 21M ic h ig a n ____ _____ ___________________________ 172 8 3 ,500 2 ,6 8 0 ,0 0 0 .5 3M innesota ____ _ _______ _ _______ 73 3 9 ,1 0 0 1 ,8 7 0 ,0 0 0 .9 4M is s is s ip p i _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ __ 12 1 ,900 17 ,100 . 02M isso u r i ___ _ __________ __________ 105 2 4 ,600 9 3 5 ,00 0 . 32

M ontana ______________________________ __________ 17 12 ,400 780 ,000 2 .4 7N ebraska __ _ _ __ ___ __ ___ 25 8, 710 173,000 . 23N e v a d a ______ __ _ ---------------------- _ _ 16 5, 000 21 5 ,00 0 1. 10New H am pshire _________ __ _____ 14 1, 250 14 ,900 . 03New J e r s e y _____________ ______ __ __ _____ 249 97, 200 1,980,000 . 44

New M e x i c o _____ _______________________ _____ 12 5, 280 212,000 .4 8New Y ork _ _____ ________________ __ __ __ _ 470 158,000 4 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 . 33N orth C arolin a _________ ______________ __ 13 1 ,4 30 104,000 . 04N orth Dakota __ __ ______ ___ .________ 8 1, 200 8, 720 . 03O h io ------------------------------------------------------------------ ------ 391 23 8 ,00 0 9, 630 ,000 1 .4 0

O klahom a ___ __ __ _____ __ _ ___ __ 20 6 ,3 50 195,000 . 17O regon ________________________ ______________ 41 9, 060 23 0 ,00 0 . 22P enn sylvan ia _ _________ ___ 454 33 2 ,00 0 1 4 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 1. 82Rhode I s la n d _ __ __ _______ _ 20 5 ,4 3 0 112,000 . 18South C a r o lin a _____ ____ _ ______ __ _ 9 1 ,4 60 2 3 ,300 . 01

South Dakota ______________ ____ __ _______ 3 430 13 ,200 . 05T en n essee __ ______ ___________ ___ ___ 60 18 ,700 4 6 2 ,00 0 . 24T exas _____________________ _____________ _____ 75 3 0 ,4 0 0 1 ,3 1 0 ,0 0 0 . 24U t a h ______ _ __ _ _______________________ 12 14 ,900 1, 170,000 2. 37V e r m o n t ------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 1, 640 25, 000 . 10

V irg in ia __ __ ________ _ __ ___ ___ 53 15 ,000 113,000 . 05W ashington _______ ___________________ ___ __ 58 3 3 ,900 911,000 . 55W est V irg in ia _______ _ ______________________ 104 3 8 ,600 92 4 ,00 0 .9 1W is c o n s in 61 20,900 699,000 . 27W yom ing 8 3 ,4 6 0 5 7 ,5 0 0 . 32

1 Stoppages extending a c r o s s State lin es have been counted in each State a ffected ; w ork ers involved and m an - days id le w ere a llo ca ted am ong the States.

2 Not ava ila b le .

N OTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal tota ls .


15

TABLE 8. WORK STOPPAGES BY METROPOLITAN AREA, 19591

M etrop olitan area

Stoppages beginning in

1959dan -da ys id le during 1959

a ll stoppages)

I

M etrop olitan area

Stoppages beginning in J

1959M an-days id le

during 1959 [all stoppages)N um ber W orkersinvolved N um ber

W orkers 1 involved

A k r o n , O hio - - - ___ 41 37, 000 779,000 L a w r e n c e , M a s s . ... 6 900 4, 500A lban y-S ch en e ctady^- L im a , O h io _______________ 5 1 ,920 5 4 ,300

T ro y , N. Y .................... ............... 23 6, 070 156, 000 L in co ln , N ebr. _ __ 5 470 1, 070A llentow nB ethlehem L ittle R ockN orth

E aston , P a . _____________ 48 36, 300 1, 920, 000 L ittle R ock , A r k . _____ 8 940 4, 300Atlanta, Ga. ______________ 17 2, 220 85 ,600

L ora in E ly ria , O h io ____ 9 12 ,000 775 ,000A tlantic C ity, N. J. _____ 5 260 2 ,4 20 L os A n gelesLongB a lt im ore , M d. ____ _ 29 3 4 ,600 2 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 B each , C alif. __________ 106 52, 700 1 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 0R ay C ity , M ic h . 15 2, 040 24 ,500 L o u is v i lle , K y . 24 4, 070 167,000B e au m on t-P o r t M adison , W is. __________ 6 470 4 ,5 9 0

A rth u r, T ex . ____________ 6 5, 750 147, 000B irm ingh am , A l a . _______ 30 2 7 ,400 1, 59 0 ,00 0 M em phis, Tenn. _______ 15 4, 890 177, 000

M iam i, F la . ___________ 29 5 ,3 0 0 66 ,300B oston , M a s s ._____________ 57 13 ,800 136, 000 M ilw aukee, W is. __ 25 12, 900 4 9 8 ,00 0B rid g ep ort , Conn. _______ 20 8, 250 83 ,000 M inneapolisSt.B u ffa lo , N- Y . _ 49 3 2 ,200 1, 920, 000 P a u l, M irm . 38 16, 100 35 8 ,00 0Canton, O h io ______________ 21 14^600 * 791 ,000C e d a r R a p id s , Towa 8 5, 090 137,000 M o K ile , A la . 11 3, 490 17, 500

M uncie, Ind. ___________ 7 560 8, 180C harleston , W. V a . ______ 8 1, 190 3 2 ,700 M uskegonM uskegonC harlotte, N. C. __________ 5 260 8 ,4 7 0 H eights, M ich . ---------- 6 1,960 13 ,700C h a tta n o o g a , T e n n . 10 460 10 ,300 N a s h v i l le , T e n n . 7 3, 380 3 0 ,000C hicago, 111. ______________ 104 121,000 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0C incinnati, Ohio ________ 45 15 ,500 35 6 ,00 0 New B ed ford , M ass. ___ 5 1,300 8 4 ,600

New B rita in C leveland , O h io ___________ 59 4 2 ,7 0 0 1 ,9 9 0 ,0 0 0 B r is to l , Conn. ________ 5 500 2 8 ,100C olum bus, O h io ___________ 23 6 ,9 80 72 ,100 New Haven, Conn. ______ 6 2, 060 8 5 ,400D a lla s , T ex. ______________ 13 1, 680 5 3 ,000 New O rlean s , La. _______ 17 14 ,500 25 0 ,00 0D avenport, IowaR ock

IslandM oline, 111. ____ 13 1, 870 8 6 ,700 New YorkN orth ea stern New J e r s e y ___ 460 159,000 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0

D a y to n , O hio 15 2, 680 3 0 ,400 O m a h a , N e.hr. 13 7, 690 148, 000D ecatu r, 111. _____________ 10 630 2, 640 P aducah, Ky. ____________ 5 480 2 ,2 40D en ver, C olo . _____________ 16 13 ,000 9 8 ,800 P e n s a m l a , F la . 5 980 13 ,600D es M oin es, I o w a ________ 12 9 ,3 4 0 229 ,000D etro it , M ich . ____________ 75 4 9 ,2 0 0 1 ,6 8 0 ,0 0 0 P e o r ia , 111. 18 4, 590 151,000

P hiladelph ia , P a . _______ 131 71 ,000 1 ,6 4 0 ,0 0 0Dubuque, I o w a _____________ 6 630 8 ,9 2 0 P hoen ix , A r iz . __________ 13 11 ,200 264 ,000Duluth, M inn. P ittsbu rgh , P a. _________ 132 151,000 8 ,0 4 0 ,0 0 0

S u p erior , W is. __________ 13 4, 200 261 ,000 P ortlan d , O reg . ________ 20 4, 250 126,000E r ie , P a . __________________ 6 1, 160 3 3 ,200E v an sville , Ind. 13 5 ,9 5 0 66 ,000 P r o v id e n c e , R .T . 15 4, 280 96, 800

P u eb lo , C olo . ___________ 6 8, 120 608 ,000F a ll R iv e r , M a ss . _ 9 1, 860 60 ,800 R ea d in g , P a . 6 500 15 ,800F lin t , M ir.h . 7 2, 600 21 ,500 R ic h m o n d , V a . 7 740 6, 390F o rt W ayne, Ind. _________ 7 2, 050 63 ,600 R o ch e ste r , N. Y. _______ 15 1, 860 6, 660F re s n o , C a lif. __________ 7 820 11 ,000Gadsden, A la . _____________ 7 7, 900 497, 000 R ock fo rd , 111. ___________ 12 7, 160 116, 000

S acram en to , C alif. _____ 11 980 9, 810G alveston , T ex . ________ 7 2, 900 175,000 Saginaw, M ich . 9 1, 510 16, 300Grand R ap ids, M ich . _____ 8 2, 310 33 ,300 St. L ou is , M o .E astG r e a t F a l l s , M o n t. 7 1,900 136,000 St. L o u is , 111. 88 26, 400 51 9 ,00 0H am iltonM iddletow n,

Ohio ______________________ 6 2, 090 14 ,700 Salt Lake C ity, U ta h ____ 6 7 ,4 30 656 ,000San B ern ard in o

H a rrisb u rg , P a . __________ 7 7, 560 42 0 ,0 0 0 R i ve r s ideOnta r i o ,H artford , Conn. __________ 5 520 8, 820 C a lif . 14 8, 890 60 9 ,00 0H ouston, T ex. 24 8, 620 38 2 ,00 0 San D ie g o , C a lif . 14 2, 820 19 ,100Huntington, W. V a .

A shland, Ky. _ 15 7, 800 351 ,000 San F r a n c is c o Oakland, C a l i f . _______ 75 3 0 ,400 9 4 5 ,00 0

Ind ian apolis , Ind. ________ 27 6, 690 159,000 San J o se , C a lif. ________ 8 1, 110 56, 100Jackson , M ich . ___________ 6 2, 230 36, 000 Scranton , P a. _________ 20 3, 260 62 ,700J a ck son v ille , F l a . _______ 13 660 8, 850 Seattle, W ash. __________ 20 9, 250 46 7 ,0 0 0Johnstown, P a . 6 14 ,600 1 ,1 4 0 ,0 0 0K alam azoo , M ich . ______ 7 1, 880 46, 300

Sioux C ity, Iowa ________ 9 2 ,9 30 72 ,900Kansas C ity, M o. _ _ 29 8, 990 4 5 3 ,00 0 S o u th R e n d , Tnd. 12 10, 600 9 5 ,5 0 0King s tonNewbur gh S p rin gfie ld , 111 .__ _____ 16 5 ,3 90 21 8 ,00 0

P ou gh k eep sie , N. Y . ____ 11 870 18 ,300 S p rin gfie ld , Ohio ______ 6 710 77 ,400K n oxv ille , Tenn. 13 2 ,8 9 0 8 ,9 1 0 S p rin g fie ld H olyok e ,L a n c a s t e r , P a . 5 280 4, 520 M ass. _______ __________ 7 2, 500 2 8 ,300

See footn ote at end o f table,


16

TABLE 8. WORK STOPPAGES BY METROPOLITAN AREA, 19591 Continued

M etrop olitan area

Stam fordN orw alk,Conn. _____________________

Stockton, C alif. __________S y ra cu se , N. Y. ___________

T acom a , Waqh. ___________TampaHSt. P e te rsb u rg ,

F la _________ _______________T e rr e Haute, Ind. ________

T o led o , O h io ______________T opeka, K ans. ____________T renton , N. J. _____________T u cson , A r iz . _____________

Stoppages Stoppagesbeginning in M an-days id le beginning in M an-days id le

1959 during 1959 M etrop olitan area 159 during 1959N um ber W orkersinvolved

a ll stoppages) N um ber W orkersinvolved(a ll stoppages)

T u lsa , O k l a .____________ 8 3 ,5 1 0 62 ,4006 1,360 11 ,900 U ticaR om e, N. Y . _____ 11 3, 500 4 0 ,6 0 06 450 14 ,300 W ashington, D. C . ______ 15 11 ,300 9 0 ,6 0 0

10 3 ,4 5 0 207, 000

7 1 ,800 118,000 W heeling, W. V a . -S teu ben ville , O h io ____ 33 2 3 ,200 1, 190, 00018

Q5, 600 2 ,9 9 0

4 2 ,4 0 0 98, 600

W ilkes - B a r r e - H azleton , P a . ________ 24 2, 040 13 ,800

7 W ilm ington, D e l . _______ 9 2 ,5 70 156,00019 5, 070 83 ,300

7 2, 060 7, 670 W o rce s te r , M ass. _____ 14 3 ,8 4 0 216, 00021 7, 790 264, 000 Y ork , P a. 11 860 17. 600

6 4, 280 105,000 Youngstow n, Ohio ______ 65 68 ,500 3, 650, 000

1 The table inclu d es data fo r each o f the m etrop olitan a reas that had 5 o r m ore stoppages in 1959*Som e m etrop o lita n a reas include cou n ties in m o re than 1 State, and h en ce , an a re a total m ay equal o r

e x ce e d the total fo r the State in w hich the m a jo r c ity is lo ca ted .Stoppages in the m ining and logg ing in d u stries a re exclu d ed fr o m this tab le .In term etropolitan a rea stoppages are counted sep a ra te ly in each a re a a ffected ; the w ork ers in vo lved and

m an -d a ys id le w ere a llo ca ted to the re sp e ct iv e a r e a s .In 4 s tr ik e s , the B ureau cou ld not se cu re the in form ation n e c e s s a ry to m ake such a llo ca tion s 3 stoppages

in the con stru ction industry involv ing ap p rox im ate ly 15 ,000 w ork ers in w estern W ashington in M ay, about 900 w ork ers in ea ste rn M ich igan in June, and 2 ,5 0 0 w ork ers in 4 New England States in Ju ly, and a stoppage o f about 2 ,0 0 0 ba rge line em p loy ees in States b ord erin g the M is s is s ip p i and Ohio r iv e r s in Ju ly.

TABLE 9. WORK STOPPAGES BY AFFILIATION OF UNIONS INVOLVED, 19591

A ffilia tion

Stoppages beginning in 1959 M an-days id le during 1959

(a ll stopp ages)

Num berP ercen t -

o ftotal

W ork ers in v o lv ed

Num berF ercen t

o ftotal

Num berP ercen t

o ftotal

T ota l ________________________________________ 3 ,708 100.0 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 100 .0

A F L -C IO ___________________________________ 2 ,8 0 3 7 5 .6 1 ,5 6 0 ,0 0 0 8 2 .8 6 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 0 .4U naffiliated unions __________________ ___ 794 2 1 .4 26 4 ,00 0 14. 1 4 ,7 6 0 ,0 0 0 6 .9Single firm unions ________________________ 7 .2 3 ,350 .2 25 ,900 D ifferen t a ffilia t ion s 2 _ _______ 73 2 .0 54 ,000 2 .9 1 ,8 1 0 ,0 0 0 2 .6No union in volved ________________________ 25 .7 1,410 . 1 7 ,1 80 ( * )Not rep o r te d ______________________________ 6 .2 390 ( M 3 ,2 30 C )

1 L e ss than 0 .0 5 p ercen t.2 Includes w ork stoppages involv ing unions o f d ifferen t a ffilia t io n s either 1 or m ore a ffilia ted with A F L -C IO

and 1 or m o re unaffiliated un ions, or 2 or m o re un affiliated unions.NOTE: B ecause o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal to ta ls .


17

TABLE 10. WORK STOPPAGES BY SIZE OF STOPPAGE, 1959

Size o f stoppage (num ber o f w ork ers involved )


(a ll stoppages)

N um berP ercen t

o ftotal


Num berP ercen t

o ftotal

Num berP ercen t

o ftotal

______________________________________________3,708 100.0 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 69 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0

6 and under 20 ____________________________ 660 17 .8 7 ,5 50 0 .4 131,000 0.220 and under 100 _________________________ 1,443 38 .9 6 9 ,2 0 0 3 .7 1 ,2 9 0 ,0 0 0 1.9100 and under 250 ____________ __ . __ 728 19 .6 115,000 6 . 1 1 ,9 7 0 ,0 0 0 2 .9250 and under 500 _______________________ 380 10.2 130,000 6 .9 1 ,9 3 0 ,0 0 0 2.8500 and under 1 ,0 00 _____________________ 252 6.8 175,000 9 .3 2 ,7 9 0 ,0 0 0 4 .01 ,0 00 and under 5 ,0 00 ______________,____ 207 5 .6 41 8 ,00 0 2 2 .3 8 ,1 4 0 ,0 0 0 11.85 ,0 00 and under 10 ,000 18 .5 118,000 6 .3 1 ,9 1 0 ,0 0 0 2.810,000 and ov er 20 .5 845 ,00 0 4 5 .0 5 0 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 3 .7

N OTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal to ta ls .

TABLE 11. WORK STOPPAGES BY NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS INVOLVED, 1959

N um ber o festab lish m en ts in v o lv e d 1


(a ll stopp ages)

N um berP ercen t

o ftotal


N um berP ercen t

o ftotal

Num berP ercen t

o ftotal

T o ta l _ r 3 ,708 100.0 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0

1 e s t a b l is h m e n t ------ 2 ,8 22 76. 1 550,000 2 9 .3 7 ,6 8 0 ,0 0 0 11.12 to 5 estab lish m en ts _____________________ 457 12 .3 195,000 1 0 .4 4 ,6 3 0 ,0 0 0 6 . 76 to 10 estab lish m en ts ___________________ 137 3 .7 99 ,2 0 0 5. 3 3 ,1 7 0 ,0 0 0 4 .611 estab lish m en ts or m o r e ______________ 277 7 .5 1 ,0 2 0 ,0 0 0 5 4 .3 5 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 7 6 .0

11 to 49 estab lish m en ts ______________ 155 4 .2 130,000 6 .9 3 ,1 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 .650 to 99 estab lish m en ts ______________ 20 . 5 73 ,300 3 .9 1 ,7 8 0 ,0 0 0 2.6100 estab lish m en ts or m o re _________ 30 . 8 709 ,000 3 7 .7 4 5 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0 6 6 .5E xact num ber not known 2 ___ ___ 72 1.9 108,000 5 .7 1 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 2 .4

Not rep orted __ 15 .4 14 ,600 .8 1 ,0 9 0 ,0 0 0 1.6

1 An estab lish m en t is defined a s a single p h ysica l lo ca tion w h ere bu sin ess is conducted or w h ere s e r v ic e s or ind u stria l op era tion s a r e p e rfo rm ed ; for ex a m p le , a fa c to r y , m ill , s t o r e , m in e , or fa rm . A stoppage m ay in volve 1, 2 , or m o re estab lish m en ts o f a sin gle em p loy er or it m ay in volve d iffe ren t e m p lo y e rs .

In form ation a v a ila b le in d ica tes m o re than 11 estab lish m en ts in vo lved in each of these stopp ages.

N OTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f ind ividual item s m ay not equal to ta ls .


18

TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS

Beginningdate

Approximate

duration (calendar

days)1

Establishm ent s) and location

Union(s)involved2

Approximate

number of workers involved 2

Major term s of settlement3

January 1 28 Food employers council, Inc. , Los Angeles County, Calif.

Retail Clerks International Association.

20,000 5-year agreement providing wage increases of 15 cents an hour effective January 1, 1959 (in th e L o s A n g e l e s area), and April 1959 (in other locations); IIV2 cents in I960; 7Vz cents in 1961, 1962, and 1963; revisions in premium rates for night and Sunday work; unemployment and disability benefits plan established with company payment of 1 cent an hour effective January 1, I960, and 1 cent January 1961, to p r o v i d e 65 percent of straight-time earnings for eligible laid-off employees and 80 percent for disabled employees (both benefits include State payments); additional company payment of 0. 5 cent an hour to pension fund e f f e c t i v e January 1, 1961; sem iannual adjustment of pensions beginning July 1, 1959, based on percent of increase in Los Angeles BLS CPI above November 1958 index, with no r e d u c t i o n below current benefit levels; effective January I960, additional V2 cent an hour company payment to welfare fund to extend coverage to disabled and retired em ployees; 6 days1 paid sick leave a year effective January 1,1960; com panies to assume any increase in costs of medical benefit; supplemental jury-duty pay.

February 1 102 Wholesale and retail bakeries, New York, City and Westchester County, New York.

American Bakery and Conf e ctione r y W orkers1 International Union; Bakery and Confectionery W orkers 1 International Union of Am erica; Retail Clerks International Association.

12,000 Retail bakeries: 3 -year contract providing wage increase of 50 cents to $1. 65 a day; minimum 50 cents a day increase in Manhattan bakeries an d $ 1 in o t h e r s e f f e c t i v e February 1, 1959; additional 25 cents to $ 1 a day increase in minimum rates effective February 1, I960, and additional increases up to $1.50 effective February 1, 1961; uniform starting rates to be established by February 1, 1961; escalator clause providing 2-percent adjustment for each 2-percent change in New York City CPI effective February 1, 1961; time and one-half after 7 V2 -hour day extended to all shops; companies pay $1 a day to pension fund (was 75 cents); 3 days1 paid funeral leave; all shops to supply laundry (previously in Manhattan shops only).

Wholesale bread shops: 3 -year contract providing wage increases of 64 cents to $3. 27 a day effective February 1, 1959; a d d i t i o n a l increases to $ 1 .5 6 a day in minimum r a t e s effective both February 1, I960, and February 1, 1961; uniform starting rates to be established by February 1, 1961; several classifications established in l o c a l wholesale shops; escalator clause providing 2-percent adjustment for each 2-percent change in New York City CPI effective February 1, 1961; time and one-half after 35 hours a week and 7 hours a day by August 1,

See footnotes at end of table .


19

TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS Continued

Beginningdate

Approximate

duration (calendar

d ays)1

Establishment(s) and location

Union(s) involved 2

Approximate


Major term s of settlem ent3

February 1 Continued

1960, for bakers and by February 1,1961, for miscellaneous employees in all shops; 3 weeks1 vacation after 1 year (was 5) extended to m iscellaneous employees in local wholesale shops; companies pay $1 a day to pension fund (was 75 cents); all shops to supply laundry.

Wholesale cake bakeries: 3 -year contract providing wage increase of 50 cents to $1.80 a day to employees above starting and below maximum rate effective February 1, 1959; additional increases up to $1.80 a day in m in im u m rates effective February 1, I960, and to $ 1 .9 5 effective Februaryl, 1961; uniform starting rates to be established by February 1, 1961; packing foremen and assistants, mechanics, and helpers receive unspecified increase up to rate established February 1, 1961; escalator clause providing 2-percent adjustment for each 2-percent change in New York City CPI effective February 1, 1961; 10 cents night differential (was 5 cents) effective October 1, 1961; eighth paid holiday, Columbus Day; companies pay $ 1 a day to pension fund (was 75 cents); 1 week's severance pay, including unemployment compensation, for each yearrs service (maximum 10) for employees laid off when plant location changes; 3 days1 paid funeral leave.

February 2 84 A llis-C halm ers Manufacturing Company,7 States: Alabama, Illinois, Indiana,Iowa, M issouri, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

United Automobile W orkers; United Steel- worke rs.

14,000 2 l!z -year a g r e e m e n t , supplemented by local agreements, providing wage-rate increases of 2 V2 percent (minimum 6 cents an hour) retroactive to September 1, 1958; additional 2 V2 percent (minimum 6 cents) annual improvement increase September 14, 1959, and October 3, I960; up to 8 cents an hour increase to employees in higher labor grades; 15 cents of current 24 cents cost-of-living allowance incorporated into base rates and e s c a l a t o r c l a u s e c o n t in u e d ; 1 4 -cent night-shift differential (was 12 cents); fourth week vacation after 25 years; unemployment benefits improved to provide 65 percent of take-home pay plus 1 percent for each dependent up to a maximum of 70 percent (including State unemployment compensation) for a m aximum of 39 weeks (was 65 percent for 26 weeks); $50 per week m aximum payment from fund (was $ 25 plus $2 for each dependent up to 4); supplementary benefits for short workweek and separation p a y of 40 hours after 2 years to 1,200 hours after 30 yearsr service for employees laid off at least 1 year; pension benefit increase from $2.25 to $2.50 a month for each yearTs service

See footnotes at end of table.


20

TABLE 12. WCRK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS Continued

Beginningdate

Approximate

duration (calendar

days)1

E s tabli s hment (s ) and location

Union(s)involved2

Approximate

number of workers

involved2

Major terms of settlement3

February 2 Continued

present and future retirees; contribution to health and welfare benefits schedule revised to add 2 new wage brackets maximum $7, 200 life insurance (was $ 6 ,0 0 0) and maximum of $79 a week sick and accident benefits (was $ 65), maximum of $ 16 a day hospitalization (was $12)com pany to pay any future increase in insurance costs; workmen^ com pensation supplemented up to 65 p ercent of gross earnings.

March 9 CM Bituminous coal mines, 3 States: Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

United Mine Workers.

18,000 Agreements concluded with the majority of companies by m id-July providing $2 daily wage increase and health and welfare payments.

April 10 22 United States Rubber Co. , 11 States: California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin.

United Rubber Workers.

25,000 2-year m aster agreement with 60-day wage reopening clause providing continuation of company payments of 3 cents an hour to unemployment fund with maximum weekly benefit increase to $30 plus continuation of $2 weekly for each dependent up to 4 for a maximum of 39 weeks; improvement of pensions and insurance agreement effective July 1, 1959, extended to July 1, 1964 pension plan funded; normal retirement at age 65 after 10 years with minimum pension benefits in- c r e a s e d f r o m $1 . 80 to $ 2 .1 0 a month for each year*s service up to 30, and to a minimum of $2 a month for each year for employees retired since J u ly 1, 1950; employee re tains option of pension computed on earnings in highest 120 consecutive months less one-half social security benefit; minimum $100 per month disability pension benefit (was $80); vesting at age 40 after 10 years with option of service award (severance pay) or deferred pension with benefits computed on service after age 30; survivor o p t i o n ; workmen^ compensation supplemented up to $30 weekly f o r women an d $40 weekly for men; other insurance imp ro vements.

April 16 55 The B. F. Goodrich Co. , 7 States: Alabama, California, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.

United Rubber W orkers.

13,000 2-year m aster agreement providing liberalized incentive system ; continuation of company payment of 3 cents an hour to unemployment fund, with optional changes; im provement of pension agreement and extension to J u ly 1, 1964 $2.40 monthly normal pension benefits (excluding social security) for each yearTs service prior to January 1, 1959, and $ 2 .5 0 a month thereafter (former minimum, $1.80 a month for each year up to 30 with benefits other than minimum re duced by one-half social security benefit) company to pay difference if new benefit is less than under old formula; minimum of $2.25 monthly for eachyear*s service for employees retired since 1949; early retirement at company option and disability retirement at double the new

See footnotes at end of table.


21TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS Continued

Beginningdate

Approximate

duration(calendar

days)1

Establishments( s) and location

Union(s) involved 2

Approximate


Major term s of settlem ent3

April 16 Continued

normal benefit reverting to normal pension at age 65 (disability retirement was minimum of $80 or one- twelfth of 1 percent of total earnings reduced by one-half social s e curity disability benefits); upward adjustment for present retirees on early or disability retirement; im proved insurance benefits for em ployees and those retired at age 65 since 1949.

April 16 60 Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. , 7 States:California, Indiana,Iowa, Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.

United Rubber W orkers.

19,000 2-year m aster agreement providing new method of computing clas - sified average earnings; improved holiday pay computation, vacation eligibility, supplemental jury-duty pay and funeral leave; improved unemployment plan; pension agreement extended to April 30, 1964, with improvement in normal and disability pension sim ilar to B. F. Goodrich; eligibility for normal pension benefits at age 65 after 10 years, vesting and survivor option added; $27 a month minimum pension for 10 but less than 15 years* service; company payment of sick and accident benefit from first day of occupational injury and difference between workmen's compensation and insurance benefits beginning with second week; im proved insurance including liberalized sick and accident benefits for employees over age 60.

May 11 24 Construction industry, Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, and western Washington.

Operating Engineers; International Brotherhood of Team sters.

15,000 Operating E n g i n e e r s: 2 -year agreement p r o v i d in g across-the- board 30-cent hourly increase retroactive to June 1, 1959, and additional 25 c e n t s effective June 1, I960; modified exclusive hiring hall clause.

Team sters: 2 -y e a r agreement providing 28 cents an hour increase retroactive to Junel, 1959; 2 V2 cents additional for the health and welfare plan, and an additional 25 cents effective Junel, I960; hiring hall prov i s i o n s s i m i l a r to Ope rating Engineers.

May 12 9 Construction industry, Washington, D. C. area.

International Hod C arriers1, Building and Common Laborers* Union; Opera

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