BLOOD TYPES AND TRANSFUSIONS -...
Transcript of BLOOD TYPES AND TRANSFUSIONS -...
BLOOD TYPES AND
TRANSFUSIONS
Do Now pg 97:
List all of the different blood types you
can think of.
Do you know your blood type?
Do you know which blood type is the
most common?
AgglutinationThe clumping of red blood cells following a transfusion
reaction
Antigens
Red blood surface
molecules, react with
antibodies.
Avoiding the mixture of
certain kinds of antigen and
antibodies prevents adverse
transfusion reactions
Antibodies
Protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the
immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such
as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique
molecule of the harmful agent, called an antigen, via the
variable region.
1901 - Austrian Karl
Landsteiner discovered
human blood groups
Even animals have blood types
Blood Type is Controlled by 3 Alleles
Alleles: A, B, O
A & B are codominant
O is recessive
4 Possible Blood Types
Genotypes
Type A = AA or AO
Type B = BB or BO
Type AB = AB
Type O = OO (universal donor)
Blood types
Why is O the “universal donor?
TYPE A TYPE B TYPE AB TYPE O
Rh Factor
A person can either be Rh + or Rh –
(positive is dominant)
http://www.chw.org/medical-care/fetal-
concerns-center/conditions/infant-
complications/hydrops-fetalis-erythroblastosis-
fetalis/
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
The Bizarre History of Blood Transfusions
1. What went wrong with the first reported blood transfusion?
2. Why weren’t animal to human blood transfusions
successful?
3. Why are blood transfusions on the decline?
Zika Spread Through Blood Transfusion in Brazil
1. How many cases of the zika virus have spread through
blood transfusions?
2. What birth defects does the zika virus cause?
Forensic Science
Blood Typing Lab Activity
T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/
A small pool of blood and a weapon was found near a
garbage dumpster. After examining the area, the CSI
on the scene discovered a body in the garbage
dumpster and identified him as Earnest “One-Eyed”
Earl. Earl had a wound to his chest that will be
analyzed by the medical examiner.
The CSI tested blood samples from the blood pool
and the weapon at the crime scene. It was determined
that it was human blood, but he needs to know the
blood type to help identify if it was from the victim or
the person who murdered him. He has come up with
three suspects that either knew the victim or were
seen in the area before the body was discovered. He
would like to question them further while he waits for
DNA test results.
Follow your teacher’s directions to complete the lab.
Remember to be careful to prevent cross-contamination of the blood samples!
Image: http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2005/apr2005/apr2005leb_img_3.jpg
The Crime Report
What’s the type?We will be determining blood types using Anti-A
serums, Anti-B serums, and Anti-RH serums. Use the
chart to help you determine the blood type of each
sample and its Rh factor (+ or -).
Clumping = + (Positive) No Clumping = - (Negative)
Step 1: Place 2 drops of the blood sample in each of the A, B, and Rh wells.
Step 2: Place 2 drops of the anti-A serum on the blood in the A well and use
a clean toothpick to stir the serum into the A sample for a few seconds.
Step 3: Place 2 drops of the anti-B serum on the blood in the B well and use
a clean toothpick to stir the serum into the B sample for a few seconds.
Step 4: Place 2 drops of the anti-Rh serum on the blood in the Rh well and
use a clean toothpick to stir the serum into the Rh sample for a few seconds.
Step 5: Record your results (+ or -) in the correct location on your lab sheet.
Rh Serum - Clumping = Rh+ blood
No clumping
Clumping
TypeReaction w/
Anti-A Serum
Reaction w/
Anti-B Serum
A
B
AB
O
What do your results show?
What should investigators do next?
Clumping =
+ (Positive)
No Clumping =
- (Negative)