Blood Component(Medic)
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Transcript of Blood Component(Medic)
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Components of Blood and Its
Function..
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Plasma, in which the blood cells are suspended, including:
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) - carry oxygen from the lungs to therest of the body.
White blood cells (leukocytes) - help fight infections and aid in the
immune process. Types of white blood cells include: Lymphocytes.
Monocytes.
Eosinophils.
Basophils. Neutrophils (granulocytes).
Platelets (thrombocytes) - help in blood clotting.
Nutrients.
Chemical substances
Proteins.
Gases, including:
Oxygen.
Carbon dioxide.
Nitrogen.
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Plasma
Liquid part of blood -
55% of blood volume
90% water 100+ substances dissolved in plasma
Blood plasma is a mixture of proteins,
enzymes, nutrients, wastes, hormones, Metalions (salts) and gases.
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Function: transportation for allwatersoluble substances
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There are three major categories of
plasma proteins
Function of the protein substances: Theprotein substances (albumin,globulins) areactive in defence functions, but also in the
binding of water Fibrinogen, which is a soluble precursor of a
sticky protein called fibrin, which forms the
framework of blood clot. Fibrin plays a keyrole in coagulation of blood, which isdiscussed later in this article under Platelets.
http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/medical_dictionary.asp?centre=&termid=1531http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/medical_dictionary.asp?centre=&termid=1531 -
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Nutrients
Those absorbed by the digestive tract aretransported in the blood plasma. These
include glucose, amino acids, fats, cholesterol,
phospholipids, vitamins and minerals.
Gases
Some oxygen and carbon dioxide aretransported by plasma. Plasma also contains a
substantial amount of dissolved nitrogen.
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electrolytes (salts, sodium,
potassium, calcium, chlorides).These complex mechanisms
also maintain the blood withina slightly alkaline range (pH =
7.42).
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White blood cells(WBCs) are also
known asleukocytes.
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Granulocytes Granule
Lobed nuclei ! Number: They represent the largest share of the
white blood count
(approx. 60%)
! Size: approx. 10 m in diameter ! Function: They are able to devour micro-organisms
(e.g. bacteria). They
are therefore also called macrophages or phagocytes.
! Characteristics: They can also use amoeboid motionto leave the
bloodstream actively and penetrate tissues.
! Place of origin: They are produced in the red bonemarrow
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Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
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Neutrophils
contain very fine cytoplasmic granules Neutrophils are also called
polymorphonuclear (PMN)
Fuction : play roles in the destruction of
bacteria and the release of chemicals
that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
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Eosinophils
have large granules and aprominent nucleus that is dividedinto two lobes
Fuction : function in thedestruction of allergens andinflammatory chemicals, and
release enzymes that disableparasites.
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Basophils
have a pale nucleus that is usually
hidden by granules.
Function : secrete histamine which
increases tissue blood flow viadilating the blood vessels, and also
secrete heparin which is an
anticoagulant that promotes mobility
of other WBCs by preventing
clotting.
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Agranulocytes
Lack visible granules
Nuclei spherical, oval orkidney-shaped
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Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
mp oc tes
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ymp ocytes
Cytoplasm - stains pale blue; thin rim aroundnucleus
Nucleus -spherical; stains dark purple
Function - destroying cancer cells, cells infected byviruses, and foreign invading cells. In addition, they
present antigens to activate other cells of theimmune system. They also coordinate the actions ofother immune cells, secrete antibodies and serve inimmune memory.
Place of origin: They are formed in the lymphoid
organs (spleen and
lymph nodes).
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Monocytes
Cytoplasm -abundant; stains grayblue
Nucleus -U or kidney shaped
Function - differentiating into macrophages, which arelarge phagocytic cells, and digest pathogens, deadneutrophils, and the debris of dead cells. Likelymphocytes, they also present antigens to activate other
immune cells. Location of genesis: They are also produced in the red
bone marrow.
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