Blood and Bone Marrow Histology SSN November 18, 2004 Presented by: Nadia Goodwin & Missy Walker.
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Transcript of Blood and Bone Marrow Histology SSN November 18, 2004 Presented by: Nadia Goodwin & Missy Walker.
Peripheral Blood: Erythrocytes
• RBCs constitute the largest number of cells in the blood
• Biconcave discs• NO NUCLEUS• Contain Hemoglobin
Peripheral Blood: Platelets
• Derived from Megakaryocytes in bone marrow – formed from small bits of Megakaryocyte cytoplasm
• Function in blood clotting
Peripheral Blood: Leukocytes
• GRANULOCYTES– Neutrophils– Basophils– Eosinophils
• AGRANULOCYTES– Lymphocytes (T and B cells)– Monocytes (Macrophages)
Granulocytes: Neutrophils
• Most numerous WBC in blood
• Multilobed nucleus
• Granules:– Azurophilic granules
– Specific granules
• Function– 1st wave of cells in acute
inflammation; can phagocytose bacteria
Granulocytes: Basophils
• Rare!
• Lobulated nucleus often obscured by granules
• Dark Blue Granules– Hydrolytic enzymes,
heparin sulfate, histamine, SRS
• Function– Role in hypersensitivity and
anaphylaxis
Granulocytes: Eosinophils
• Bilobed nucleus
• Bright pink Granules– Arginine rich major basic
protein, peroxidase, histaminase, arylsulfatase
• Function: – Important in allergic rxns,
parasitic infections, and phagocytosis of Ab-Ag complexes
Agranulocytes: Monocytes
• Largest WBCs in blood smear
• Migrate through blood to the tissues; once in tissues they differentiate into phagocytes (macrophages)
Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes
• About size of RBCs• Function
– Main functional cells of adaptive immune system
– T cells
– B cells
QuestionsWhich of the following cell types would be expected to be increased in
number with a bacterial infection? Viral? Parasitic?
Proerythroblast
• Biggest in lineage• Large central nucleus
with one or two nucleoli
• Basophilic cytoplasm b/c ribosomes
• Look for Golgi ghost
Basophilic Erythroblast
• Smaller than proerythroblast
• Checkerboard nucleus (heterochromatic)
• Intense basophilia (lots of ribosomes!)
Polychromatophilic Erythroblast
• Smaller than basophilic erythroblast
• Smaller intensely heterochromatic nucleus
• Purple/lilac cytoplasm mix of basophilia from ribosomes and growing eosinophilia from hemoglobin
• LAST MITOTIC STAGE!
Normoblast
• Smaller than polychromatophilic erythroblast
• Small, compact, intensely staining nucleus that is getting ready to be extruded
• Eosinophilic cytoplasm due to abundant hemoglobin
Reticulocyte
• Immature RBC that has polyribosomes
• Appear as polychrom-atophilic erythrocyte on blood smear
• When stained with a special (supravital) stain Reticulocyte
What are the Granulocytes?
These are cells of the immune system (White Blood Cells) that contain vesicles. The vesicle contents vary among cell lines and stain differently.
• Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear or PMN cells)
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
Trend of Development• Larger to smaller
• Azure granules to specific granules
• Round nucleus to altered shape nucleus
Granulocyte Lineage:
Myeloblast → Promyelocyte → Myelocyte → Metamyelocyte → Band → Granulocyte
(Erythroid: Proerythroblast →Basophilic erythroblast → Polychromatophilic
erythroblast → Normoblast → Reticulocyte → Erythrocyte)
PROmyelocyte
• Details• Golgi ghost• Can’t distinguish type
of granulocyte yet• Eccentric nucleus• Don’t confuse with
proerythroblast or basophilic erythroblasts
Myelocyte• Last stage in
which mitosis can occur
• Begin to see who’s a neutrophil, who’s an eosinophil (who’s a basophil)
• Golgi ghost
Myeloblast – no granules capable of
mitosis
Promyelocyte – azurophilic granules
Mylocyte – specific granules
Metamylocyte – specifc granules nucleus
changes shape
Band cell – (PMN only) specific granules
Mature Granulocyte – specific granules