Blok 3 Embriologi Pengantar
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Muh. Ihwan Narwanto
* Pengantar
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• Ovum, spermatozoa• Zigot : sel hasil fertilisasi• Cleavage : serangkaian mitosis zigot
blastomer• Morula : 3-4 hr setelah fertilisasi• blastocyst• Implantasi • Gastrula : terbentuk embrio trilaminer• Embrio : fase perkembangan s/d 8 minggu• Fetus
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• Conceptus : struktur yg berkembang dari zygot
• Primordium : bakal calon organ• Aborsi • Infant : 1 tahun pertama extra uterin• Childhood• Pubertas• Adolescen• Adulthood
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Ovum Sperm
Zigote
Morula
Blastula
Embryonic bilaminai r
Embryonic trilaminair
Conception
Cleavage
Blasulation
Histogenesis
mitosis
diferensiation
morphogenesis
organogenesis
Embryo
fetus
restriction
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Fertilisasi pronuclei bersatu, cromosom bercampur (Zygot), bertempat di ampula.
Cleavage (blastomer) morula, terjadi di sepanjang tuba.
Morula blastocys, di uterus. Terdiri :* embrioblas hypoblas* trophoblas cyto &
syncytiotrophoblas* blastocys cavity
Blastocys implantasi
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Syncytiotrophoblas* Implantasi blastocys complet * menghasilkan HCG
Pembentukan : amniotic cavity, yolk sac, connecting stalk, chorionic sac.
Embrioblas epiblas, hipoblas(bilaminer embrionic disc)
Precordal plate hipoblas menebal (cranial region)
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Gastrulasi : bilaminer trilaminer. Primitive streak
* proliferasi & migrasi epiblas bag. caudal ke arah medial mesoderm* awal minggu ke 3,* mulai bagian caudal disc, bagian cranial primitive node* invaginasi epiblas primitive pit and groove
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Pembentukan notochord*tabung seluler dari primitive node-prechordal plate*invaginasi sel-sel primitive node*canal notochordprimitive pit*indikasi letak vertebra, * nucleus pulposus
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Pembentukan neural tube*penebalan ectoderm : neural plate*induksi dari notocord*cranial primitive node, dorsal notochord*neural groove, neural fold: neural plate neural tube*terpisah dari ectoderm* lengkap pd mgg IV, bakal sistem saraf pusat
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Pembentukan neural crest*migrasi sel neuroectoderm* antara neural tube dgn ectoderm terpisah jadi 2*neural crest:gangl. Sensoris n. spinal, n. cranialis, gangl. Sso, meninges, medula suprarenal
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Perkembangan somit*intraembrionic mesodermprolifferasi (paraxial mesoderm, intermediat, lateral)*akhir mgg III paraxial differensiasi, terbagi bentuk kuboid (somit)*terletak disamping neural tube* menjadi awal vertebra, costae, otot axial*38 ps (30hr), 44 ps (mgg V)
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Pembentukan intraembrionic coelom*coelom spaces pd mesoderm lateral *bulan ke 2 pericardial, pleural, peritoneal cavity
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Perkembangan sistem cardiovascular*mgg III bakal sirkulasi uteroplacenta berkembang*vasculogenesis
- deffeensiasi mesenchymangioblas- angioblas berkumpulblood island- muncul celah,angiblas
memipihendotel*angiogenesis:tumbuh cabang, bergabung vasa.
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Cor dan vasa besar berkembang dari mesenchym di area cardiogenic
Cor pertama berdenyut hr ke 20-22 (mgg III)
Sel darah berkembang dr endotel vasa (hemangioblas) di hepar, lien, sumsum tulang, nodus limfaticus
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Selama 5 mgg semua organ dan sistem terbentuk
Awal mmg IV, Folding flat trilaminer C-shape, cylindrical
Primordial gut (foregut, midgut, hindgut) Dari luar nampak mata, telinga, hidung,
anggota gerak. Gangguan periode ini anomali mayor
kongenital
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Fetal periode Pertumbuhan cepat tubuh Mgg 12 lanugo, rambut kepala, vernic
caseosa Mgg 26 kelopak mata terbuka, bertahan
extrauterin 6-8mgg terakhir lemak terbentuk fetus
“gemuk” Menyiapkan organ untuk matang
bertahan extrauterin
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