Jessica, Shristi

Bladder Cancer

Explanation

Bladder cancer starts in the linings, which is called superficial bladder cancer.

If the cancer spreads to the muscle wall, it then is invasive bladder cancer.

There are 3 main types of bladder

cancerTransitional cell carcinoma, Squamous cell

carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma

TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA

Transitional cells expand when bladder is full and contract when empty. The cells can become cancerous depending on how far they have invaded the wall of the bladder

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Squamous cells appear when there is an irritation or infection.

ADINOCARCENOMA

These cells are mucus-secreting glands in the bladder. The tumour is formed in the the bladder and can grow outside of the bladder causing blood in the urination.

TREATMENTS

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Biological therapy

CHEMOTHERAPY

Intravesical - used when BCG therapy is unsuccessful. Instilled into the bladder through urinary Catheter

Systemic - combination chemo administered into the vein. Treatment option for locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer

AGE GROUP

Age group for people whom are diagnosed with bladder cancer are 65+

Population of people with bladder cancer in Canada is 5%

RISK FACTORS

Smoking

Chronic bladder infection/irritation

Bladder birth defects

Chemotherapy

Low fluid consumption

PREVENTION

Don't smoke

Take caution with chemicals

Drink water throughout the day

Choose a variety of fruits/vegetables

SYMPTOMS

Visible blood in the urination

Painful urination

Pelvic pain

HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED

Rectal/vaginal examination

Laboratory tests

Ultrasounds

Bladder biopsy

SOURCES USED

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bladder-cancer/DS00177/DSECTION=causes

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167077.php

http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.3483919/

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bladder-cancer/DS00177/DSECTION=prevention

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bladder-cancer/DS00177