Blackout 101 part 2 - School of Electrical Engineering ...ee521/Material/20120830/SCADA EMS.pdf ·...
Transcript of Blackout 101 part 2 - School of Electrical Engineering ...ee521/Material/20120830/SCADA EMS.pdf ·...
Blackout 101Dr. B. Don Russell
Texas A&M University
Dr. Bruce Wollenberg University of Minnesota
Mr. John McDonaldKEMA, Inc.
Dr. Pete SauerUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
An Electric Power System Tutorial - Part 2
Monitoring and Control ofPower Systems
John McDonald
Sponsored by IEEE PES and IEEE-USA
Friday, February 6, 2004
Overview
What is a SCADA System? How are SCADA Systems Used?What is a Substation Integration and Automation System?What are the Different Sources of Information?SCADA Alarm Processing / Filtering CapabilitiesSystem Factory and Site TestingPower System Action Time Frames
What is a SCADA System?Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Supervisory Control => Remote Control of Field DevicesData Acquisition => Monitoring of Field Conditions
SCADA System ComponentsMaster Station => System “Nerve Center” Located in Electric Utility Energy Control Center (ECC); Dispatchers Use to Monitor and Control Power SystemField Devices => Needed Wherever There is Data to be Sent to Master Station (Substations, Lines or Feeders) Communications => Links Master Station with Field Devices; Continuous 24 by 7 Operation
Dispatcher Console300 MHz RISC Processor256MB RAM, 9GB HDD,CD-ROM, (2) 21” CRTs
Redundant SCADA System – Configuration Overview
SCADA Workstation/ServersDispatcher Consoles300 MHz RISC Processor
256MB RAM, (2) 9GB HDD,CD-ROM, (2) 21” CRTs
Historical Data Server300 MHz RISC Processor512MB RAM, (2) 9GB HDD
CD-ROM
Dispatcher Consoles700 MHz Pentium III PC
128MB RAM, 9.1GB HDDCD-ROM, (2) 21” CRTs
Remote User Stations600 MHz Pentium II PC64MB RAM, 6GB HDDCD-ROM, 56k Modem,
13.3” Active Color LCD
PSTN
Remote AccessRouter
Laser Printer
10/100 Ethernet Hubs
RTU Communication Ports
Diagnostic Modem
LAN Router
To Corporate LAN
PortServers
Front-EndProcessors
ICCP Node700 MHz Pentium III PC
128MB RAM, 6.4GB HDDCD-ROM, 17” CRT
Electric Utility Energy Control Center (ECC)
SCADA SystemMaster Station –
Computer Servers and Communication
Equipment
SCADA System Master Station –Dispatcher Console Equipment
One-Line (Single-Line) Diagram
Alarm Summary Display
Feeder Map Display
World Coordinate Display Schematic Diagram
Electric Utility Substation
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
SCADA
SCADA/AGC EMS
DA DMS
Supervisory Controland Data Acquisition
SCADA/AutomaticGeneration Control
Energy ManagementSystem
Distribution AutomationSystem
Distribution Management System
How are SCADA Systems Used?
SCADA SystemPrimary Functions
Data AcquisitionRemote ControlUser InterfaceAreas of ResponsibilityHistorical Data AnalysisReport Writer
SCADA / AGC SystemPrimary Functions
Automatic Generation Control (AGC)Economic Dispatch (ED) / Hydro AllocatorInterchange Transaction Scheduling
Energy Management System (EMS) Primary Functions
Network Configuration / Topology ProcessorState EstimationContingency AnalysisThree Phase Balanced Operator Power FlowOptimal Power FlowDispatcher Training Simulator
Distribution Automation (DA) System Primary Functions
Voltage ReductionLoad ManagementPower Factor ControlTwo-Way Distribution CommunicationsShort-Term Load ForecastingFault Identification / Fault Isolation / Service RestorationInterface to Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)
Distribution Management System (DMS) Primary Functions
Three Phase Unbalanced Operator Power FlowMap Series GraphicsInterface to Automated Mapping / Facilities Management (AM/FM) or Geographic Information System (GIS)Interface To Customer Information System (CIS)Interface to Outage Management
Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) – the Building Block of Substation Integration and
Automation
Any device incorporating one or more processors with the capability to receive or send data/control from or to an external source (e.g., electronic multifunction meters, digital relays, controllers)
What is a Substation Integration and Automation System?
Power System Equipment(Transformers, Breakers)
IED Implementation
IED Integration
Substation Automation Applications
Utility Enterprise
Substation Integration and Automation Systems
Substation User Interface
TelCo SystemTelCo SystemLAN/WANLAN/WAN
Web Pages with:Web Pages with:ooRealReal--time valuestime valuesooRelay settingsRelay settingsooFault recordsFault records
DFR recordsDFR records
Custom filesCustom filesFault/OscillographyFault/Oscillographydata filesdata files
Web BrowserWeb Browser
RealReal--timetimeSCADASCADA
RealReal--timetimedata & controlsdata & controls
44--wire lease linewire lease lineFrame relayFrame relay
ORACLE RdBORACLE RdB
Web serverWeb server
DNP3.0DNP3.0
All WAN All WAN communications are communications are via secure TCP/IPvia secure TCP/IP
RelaysRelays
MB+MB+RouterRouter
RTURTU
RealReal--time SCADAtime SCADAdata and controlsdata and controls(any IED’s data)(any IED’s data)
Fault records, summaries Fault records, summaries and waveform data from and waveform data from
relays (and settings)relays (and settings)
Web pages with Applet Web pages with Applet and Servlet (Java) and Servlet (Java)
software for updatessoftware for updates
What are the DifferentSources of Information?
SCADA Alarm Processing / Filtering Capabilities
Knowledge-Based Alarm SuppressionDirect Linkages (can use pseudo status points)Indirect Linkages
Area of ResponsibilityUse for each alarm window and each printerUse to route alarms to proper windows/dispatchers and/or printers
SCADA Alarm Processing / Filtering Capabilities (continued)
PriorityEach point has a priority levelEvery alarm window has an assignable alarm priority levelBy increasing the alarm priority level of an alarm window, lower priority alarms are suppressed from the alarm window
SCADA Alarm Processing / Filtering Capabilities (continued)
Timed Alarm SuppressionEach data point may be assigned a transient filterUsed to suppress an alarm until it has remained in the alarm state for the length of time specified with the transient filter
SCADA Alarm Processing / Filtering Capabilities (continued)
Momentary Alarm Change DetectTracks rapid multiple state changes that are recorded by the RTUOperations counter to track device operations for maintenance reporting
SCADA Alarm Processing / Filtering Capabilities (continued)
Alarm Acknowledge / DeleteSeparate acknowledge and delete actionsAlarm automatically deleted upon acknowledgment if alarm has returned to normalOn acknowledgment alarm will be deleted from alarm listAlarm is deleted after a specified time delay following acknowledgment of alarm
SCADA Alarm Processing / Filtering Capabilities (continued)
Historical Events FileAll events, including alarms, stored in a daily fileCan be sorted and used to create reports
System Factory Testing
System Site Testing
Power System Action Time Frames
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000Time - Seconds
transient stability long-term stability
generator/excitationdynamics LTCs & dist.
voltage reg.
excitation limiting
line/transformeroverload
SVC, DC
mech.switched cap’s
system operator
under-voltage load shedding
relaying, incl. under-frequency load shedding
SCADA
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