Blackboard Architecture - CSE, IIT Bombay · Blackboard Architecture Distributed Blackboard...

Blackboard ArchitectureDistributed Blackboard

Blackboard ApplicationsConclusionReferences

Blackboard Architecture

Aniket Dalal-05305403Sachin Prabhu-05305901Sandeep Shelke-05305402

Under the Guidance of Prof. Pushpak Bhattacharya

November 13, 2005

Aniket Dalal-05305403 Sachin Prabhu-05305901 Sandeep Shelke-05305402 Under the Guidance of Prof. Pushpak BhattacharyaBlackboard Architecture

MotivationProblem DefinitionOverview

How do we solve complex problems?

Using domain experts.

Sharing the information between the experts.

Controller for managing information and experts.

Do we have experts in AI?

Rule based systems.Inference Engines.

Forward Chaining

Backward Chaining

Genetic Programming and so on..

Can we solve complex problems using these experts....?

Forward Chaining

Backward Chaining

Forward Chaining

Backward Chaining

Forward Chaining

Backward Chaining

Forward Chaining

Backward Chaining

BackgroundConceptual ParadigmDesign Paradigm

Blackboard: A New Perspective

Advanced Multiprocessor Architectures

Advanced Communication Systems

Tools and Languages supporting Parallel paradigm

Classification in Conceptual Paradigm

Classification in Design Paradigm

Shared Memory Based Blackboard Approach

Distributed Blackboard Approach

Blackboard Server Approach

Distributed Blackboard Architecture

Parallel BB Architecture Comparisons

Application DomainsProject Overview

Blackboard Application Domains

Speech Recognition

Game Playing

Image Understanding

Planning

Protein Structure Analysis

Generic Blackboard Frameworks

Structural Analysis of Complex Aerial Photograph

Locate objects on the ground surface

Large size of pictures

No control over photographing conditions

Variations size and properties of objects

Difficult to create a generic model

BB based production system

Multiple object detection subsystems

Each designed to find specific objects

Extraction of characteristic regions

Focus on local areas

Communication via Blackboard

Controller solves conflicts

Hearsay-II

Speech-Understanding System

”Integrating knowledge to resolve Uncertainty”

Find a complete interpretation

Various sources of uncertainty as KS’s

Many partial interpretations

Large search space

Example

Uncertainty at word/lexical leveldifficulty in distinguishing the utterances

till and tell

rings and brings

Uncertainty at phrase/semantic levelderived from the word level

till Bob rings

tell Bob rings

till Bob brings

tell Bob brings

Goal is to reduce combined uncertainty at all levels

Need to assess overall best interpretation

Thus incremental approach of BBA is useful

Hearsay-II: Key Advantages

Multiple sources of knowledge

Multiple levels of abstraction

Shared partial solutions

Incremental formation of solutions

Opportunistic problem-solving behavior

Distributed Vehicle Monitoring

Network of vehicle monitoring sensors

Each node is a problem solver

Analyze sensed data to identify patterns

Area-wise division of responsibility

Integration into a single answer map

Crossword Puzzle Solver

Multiple language knowledge sources

Blackboard to store crossword state and clues

Dictionary lookup, database search, search engine

Synonym based approach

Use of heuristics to reduce search space further

Crossword Initial State

Crossword Solving Started ...

Crossword Solver Selects Constrained Clues ...

Crossword Solved.

Conclusion

Why use blackboard?

Modularity

Incremental Approach

Efficiency

Concurrency

Conclusion

What kinds of applications?

Many specialized and distinct knowledge sources

Integration of disparate information

A natural domain hierarchy

Continuous data problems

Applications with sparse data

References

Tony Morgan and Robert Englemore,Blackboard Systems.Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1988.

V. Jagannathan, Rajendra Dodhiawala, and Lawrence S.Baum, Design Alternatives for Parallel and DistributedBlackboard Systems. Editors, Blackboard Architecturesand Applications, pages 99-136. Academic Press, 1989.

Corkill, Daniel D. Collaborating Software: Blackboard andMulti-Agent Systems and the Future. Proceedings of theInternational Lisp Conference. October 2003. Invitedpaper.

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