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Fundamentals of Mathematics

By:

Denny Burzynski

Wade Ellis

Online:< http://cnx.org/content/col10615/1.4/ >

C O N N E X I O N S

Rice University, Houston, Texas

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T h i s s e l e c t i o n a n d a r r a n g e m e n t o f c o n t e n t a s a c o l l e c t i o n i s c o p y r i g h t e d b y D e n n y B u r z y n s k i , W a d e E l l i s . I t i s l i c e n s e d

u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n 2 . 0 l i c e n s e ( h t t p : / / c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s . o r g / l i c e n s e s / b y / 2 . 0 / ) .

C o l l e c t i o n s t r u c t u r e r e v i s e d : A u g u s t 1 8 , 2 0 1 0

P D F g e n e r a t e d : J u l y 2 9 , 2 0 1 3

F o r c o p y r i g h t a n d a t t r i b u t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n f o r t h e m o d u l e s c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s c o l l e c t i o n , s e e p . 6 9 9 .

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T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s

P r e f a c e F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F U

1 A d d i t i o n a n d S u b t r a c t i o n o f W h o l e N u m b e r s

1 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F W

1 . 2 o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I H

1 . 3 d n n d n o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I S

1 . 4 o n d n o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I

1 . 5 e d d o n o o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P W

1 . 6 o n o o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R R

1 . 7 o o e d d o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T P

1 . 8 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T V

1 . 9 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T W

1 . 1 0 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F U R

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F U T

2 M u l t i p l i c a t i o n a n d D i v i s i o n o f W h o l e N u m b e r s

2 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F W I

2 . 2 w l l o n o o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F W P

2 . 3 g o n o h o n o o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I H S

2 . 4 h o n o o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I I Q

2 . 5 o m s n n p o h o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I P T

2 . 6 o o w l l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I Q H

2 . 7 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I Q T

2 . 8 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I Q U

2 . 9 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I R H

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I R P

3 E x p o n e n t s , R o o t s , a n d F a c t o r i z a t i o n o f W h o l e N u m b e r s

3 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I S Q

3 . 2 i o n n n d o o F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I S R

3 . 3 q o n m o l n d y d o y o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I T P

3 . 4 m p o z o n o x l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I U P

3 . 5 q g o m m o n p o F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I V H

3 . 6 v g o m m o n w l l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I V R

3 . 7 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W I

3 . 8 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W Q

3 . 9 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I W V

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P H H

4 I n t r o d u c t i o n t o F r a c t i o n s a n d M u l t i p l i c a t i o n a n d D i v i s i o n o f F r a c t i o n s

4 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I Q

4 . 2 p o n o o l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P I R

4 . 3 o p o n D s m o p o n D n d w d x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P P Q

4 . 4 i l n p o n D d n p o n o v o m D n d n p o n

o r m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P Q Q

4 . 5 w l l o n o p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P R R

4 . 6 h o n o p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P S S

4 . 7 e l o n s n o l n p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P T I

4 . 8 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P T V

4 . 9 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P U H

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4 . 1 0 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P U T

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P U V

5 A d d i t i o n a n d S u b t r a c t i o n o f F r a c t i o n s , C o m p a r i n g F r a c t i o n s , a n d C o m p l e x F r a c t i o n s

5 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P W S

5 . 2 e d d o n n d o n o p o n v k h n o m n o F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F P W T

5 . 3 e d d o n n d o n o p o n n l k h n o m n o F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q H H

5 . 4 e d d o n n d o n o w d x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q H T

5 . 5 g o m n p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q I H

5 . 6 g o m l p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q I R

5 . 7 g o m n o n o y o n p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q I V

5 . 8 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q P Q

5 . 9 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q P Q

5 . 1 0 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q P U

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q P W

6 D e c i m a l s

6 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q Q W

6 . 2 d n n d n h m l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q R H

6 . 3 g o n n h m l o p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q R T

6 . 4 o n d n h m l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q S H

6 . 5 e d d o n n d o n o h m l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q S R

6 . 6 w l l o n o h m l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q T H

6 . 7 h o n o h m l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q U I

6 . 8 x o n m n n h o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q V Q

6 . 9 g o n n p o n o h m l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q V V

6 . 1 0 g o m n o n o y o n h m l n d p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q W R

6 . 1 1 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q W V

6 . 1 2 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F Q W W

6 . 1 3 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R H P

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R H R

7 R a t i o s a n d R a t e s

7 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R I W

7 . 2 o n d F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R I W

7 . 3 o o o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R P S

7 . 4 e l o n o o o o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R Q I

7 . 5 n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R Q U

7 . 6 p o n o y n n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R R R

7 . 7 e l o n o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R R V

7 . 8 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R S W

7 . 9 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R T H

7 . 1 0 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R T R

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R T T

8 T e c h n i q u e s o f E s t i m a t i o n

8 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R U U

8 . 2 i m o n o n d n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R U U

8 . 3 i m o n g l n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R V R

8 . 4 w n l e m E n h o F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R V U

8 . 5 i m o n o n d n p o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R W Q

8 . 6 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R W T

8 . 7 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F R W T

8 . 8 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S H P

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o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S H S

9 M e a s u r e m e n t a n d G e o m e t r y

9 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S I Q

9 . 2 w m n n d n d m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S I R

9 . 3 w m o w m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S I W

9 . 4 m l ( o n o h n o m n x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S P R

9 . 5 m n d g m n o q o m p F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S Q P

9 . 6 e n d o l m o q o m p n d y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S R P

9 . 7 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S S U

9 . 8 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S S W

9 . 9 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S T R

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S T W

1 0 S i g n e d N u m b e r s

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1 0 . 2 l D g o n n D n d l x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S U V

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1 0 . 4 e o l l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S V V

1 0 . 5 e d d o n o n d x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S W P

1 0 . 6 o n o n d x m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F S W W

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1 0 . 9 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T I R

1 0 . 1 0 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T I V

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1 1 . 1 y j F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T Q I

1 1 . 2 e l i o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T Q P

1 1 . 3 g o m n n v k m n e d d o n n d o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T Q V

1 1 . 4 o l n i o n o p o m C a n d E a F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T R I

1 1 . 5 o l n i o n o p o m a n d G a F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T R W

1 1 . 6 e l o n s X n l n o d o w m l m o l F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T S U

1 1 . 7 e l o n s s X o l n o l m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T T P

1 1 . 8 m m o u g o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T U P

1 1 . 9 i l m n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T U R

1 1 . 1 0 o ( n i m F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T V H

o l o n F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T V P

I n d e x F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T W R

A t t r i b u t i o n s F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F T W W

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m l D o o d n m o m n D n d n m n o o n Y n d d m n n

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n d t n i l l o o l n n d n l l o o l o n F

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d a m e n t a l s o f M a t h e m a t i c s X f l D l l g o l l Y d i l l D F D n o w n Y

n d t n i l l @ s n o 9 w n l A Y t o n F w n D n g o n t n o g o l l @ d n o l o n

w n l n d d q d A Y n r m l o n D n n @ g o m z d f n k A Y E

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g o m m n g o l l @ w s n o A F

l o n k l n d o l n d g o l l l n o ' o m d n m o o l

n d l n l l n d m n d F y l n k o f o n D w m i d o D i l l n

x m n D h l o m n l i d o D n d t n x o o D o j i d o F d n D o n D o n

2

T h i s c o n t e n t i s a v a i l a b l e o n l i n e a t < h t t p : / / c n x . o r g / c o n t e n t / m 3 4 7 7 5 / 1 . 2 / > .

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m n d o o o n n d o n n D n d n o m n n o d n l l l F e l o

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n F

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k n o d ' n n n m n d n m l k n o o n m m l l d r n d E e n m o n m n d n d n o o n l n m m l o d n n d o l n m

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l o d n d o l n m

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n d n d o n d n m o d o o m o n l o o n d o l n m o ( d o o n

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n d n d d d o n o l o d d o l n m l o l l o o d d o n o l n m o n o

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n d n d o n o l o o l n m l o l l o o o n o l n m o m n o o l n m

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n d n d o m m n d o o o d d o n n d n d H d d d n

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C H A P T E R 1 . A D D I T I O N A N D S U B T R A C T I O N O F W H O L E N U M B E R S

1 . 2 W h o l e N u m b e r s

2

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x m n d x m l r n d E e x m o n m f n o o n l x m m o l x m q n o l x m

1 . 2 . 2 N u m b e r s a n d N u m e r a l s

n o d o n o d o m m m n n m o l d n l o k D n u m b e r F

N u m b e r

e n u m b e r o n F s o n l n m n d F

l o n o n m o l l o d o l o m n l l z o o m

o l l o n o o j F o d o n n m n o n l z d D n u m e r a l d F

N u m e r a l

e n u m e r a l m o l n n m F

s n o m m o n o d d o n o d n n n m n d n m l F s n o d o n o d o

m m D l l o l l o o m m o n F

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o l l o n n m l F s n D ( n n m o D o n d n n m E

o n n d d n E D n d d D n m o n o n d ( F n m n d

n d ' n F

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1 . 2 . 2 . 2 P r a c t i c e S e t A

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h o 4 o D 4 4 o n n d d n E D 4 n d 4 o n o n d ( 4 l n m l c

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A v a i l a b l e f o r f r e e a t C o n n e x i o n s < h t t p : / / c n x . o r g / c o n t e n t / c o l 1 0 6 1 5 / 1 . 4 >

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1 . 2 . 3 T h e H i n d u - A r a b i c N u m e r a t i o n S y s t e m

H i n d u - A r a b i c N u m e r a t i o n S y s t e m

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d n n r n d n n d n m l

H I P Q R S T U V W

L e o n a r d o F i b o n a c c i

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n o d d m n o i o F s n o l z d e F D n m D r n d E e

n m o n m F

1 . 2 . 4 T h e B a s e T e n P o s i t i o n a l N u m b e r S y s t e m

D i g i t s

r n d E e n m l H I P Q R S T U V W l l d d i g i t s F n o m n n m n n m

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n m d n F 4

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n o o o F

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7/29/2019 Bk Edctn Burzynski&EllisFundamentalsOfMathematics

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C H A P T E R 1 . A D D I T I O N A N D S U B T R A C T I O N O F W H O L E N U M B E R S

s n o o o n l n m m D v a l u e o f a d i g i t d m n d p o s i t i o n n n m F

1 . 2 . 4 . 1 S a m p l e S e t B

E x a m p l e 1 . 1

p n d l o T n n m U D P T I F

n T n n o o n o n o d D l T n F

T n a T H

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p n d l o W n n m V T D W Q P D I H T D H H S F

n W n n d d o o n o m l l o n o d D l W n d d m l l o n F

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p n d l o P n n m I H P D H H I F

n P n o n o o n o o n d o d D l P o n o n d F

P o n o n d a P o n d

1 . 2 . 4 . 2 P r a c t i c e S e t B

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 2

( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

p n d l o S n n m T S D H H H F

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 3

( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

p n d l o R n n m R Q W D W W U D H H U D H I H F

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 4 ( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

p n d l o H n n m I H V F

1 . 2 . 5 W h o l e N u m b e r s

W h o l e N u m b e r s

x m o m d n o n l d

H I P Q R S T U V W

l l d w h o l e n u m b e r s F

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d o n d m n 4 n d o o n n m n F 4

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7/29/2019 Bk Edctn Burzynski&EllisFundamentalsOfMathematics

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1 . 2 . 6 G r a p h i n g W h o l e N u m b e r s

N u m b e r L i n e

o l n m m l z d o n n n u m b e r l i n e F o o n n m l n D m l

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o l n m F

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n o l n m d o l m o n F

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H D I H T D V U Q D V U R

1 . 2 . 6 . 2 P r a c t i c e S e t C

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 5

( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

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C H A P T E R 1 . A D D I T I O N A N D S U B T R A C T I O N O F W H O L E N U M B E R S

1 . 2 . 7 E x e r c i s e s

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 7

( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

n m c

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 8

n m l c

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 9

( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

h o o d 4 l n 4 l n m l c

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r o m n d ' n d c

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( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

y n m m D r n d E e n m m D n m m

F

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 1 2

x m o m o d o m o n d o m m d n o o o

o m m F o o l l d F

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 1 3 ( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

s n o n m m D o d l n d o F l m o

o d F p o m o l D c

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i o d o n l n m F p o m o l D n m o ( o c

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 1 5

( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

s n n m V R I D o m n n c

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 1 6

s n n m Q D Q W P D o m n o n c

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 1 7 ( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

s n n m I H D H R T D o m n o n d c

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s n n m U U W D V R R D P H S D o m n n m l l o n c

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 1 9

( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

s n n m T S D H P I D o m n n d d o n d c

p o o l l o n o l m D l o n d d d n n n m F

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 2 0

S n S W W

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I n Q I H D R H T

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W n P W D V P U

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T n S P D S T I D H H I D I H H

E x e r c i s e 1 . 2 . 2 4

o E d n m n n n o o n F

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( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

o E d n m o n n o n d o o n n d z o n o n o o n F

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r o m n o E d o l n m c

A v a i l a b l e f o r f r e e a t C o n n e x i o n s < h t t p : / / c n x . o r g / c o n t e n t / c o l 1 0 6 1 5 / 1 . 4 >

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s m l l o l n m c s o D c

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e n o m o 4 l l d l n 4 F

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q @ l l d l A o l l o n o l n m o n n m l n l o X H D I D Q I D Q R F

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D n D o l n m d o n o l l o n n m l n F

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D n D o l n m d o n o l l o n n m l n F

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3

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C H A P T E R 1 . A D D I T I O N A N D S U B T R A C T I O N O F W H O L E N U M B E R S

1 . 3 . 2 R e a d i n g W h o l e N u m b e r s

o o n n m o m d d n o l D o l l o n m o d X

I F f n n n n d o k n o l D n m n o d n o d n n

o m m d F

P F f n n n l D d o d n d d l l D n o d n m F

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o l l o n n m o d F

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d R P W S V F

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d Q H U W W I Q R Q F

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n I n d Q n d U n d W F

Q H U D W W I D Q R Q

P F f n n n l D d o d n d d l l F

n d d n m l l o n D n n n d d n n E o n o n d D n d d o E F

E x a m p l e 1 . 8

d Q T H H H H H H H H H H H I F

I F f n n n D n n m n o d n o d l n o m m F

Q T D H H H D H H H D H H I

A v a i l a b l e f o r f r e e a t C o n n e x i o n s < h t t p : / / c n x . o r g / c o n t e n t / c o l 1 0 6 1 5 / 1 . 4 >

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P F f n n n l D d o d n d d l l F

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n m n o d F

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( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

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( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

I H I D H U R D H H Q

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( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 6 . )

I D H H H D H H V

1 . 3 . 3 W r i t i n g W h o l e N u m b e r s

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I F x o ( n m d l l l o d o ' o m m F

P F n n n n o D o d o n m n d d l l F

Q F n o m m o o d D o m n o d o o m o n n m F

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n m n d F

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n o n d D n n E o F

n o m m o d o D

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C H A P T E R 1 . A D D I T I O N A N D S U B T R A C T I O N O F W H O L E N U M B E R S

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n o m m o d o D

S H D H H I D P H H D H I R

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I H D H H H D S I P

1 . 3 . 3 . 2 P r a c t i c e S e t B

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( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 7 . )

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( S o l u t i o n o n p . 7 7 . )

n l l o n D l l o n D m l l o n D o n n d d n n o n d D o n d d o F

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i l l o n D E ( F

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W I P

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@ o n I F Q A R P D I H W o o l d d F

E x e r c i s e 1 . 4 . 4 5

@ o n I F Q A 4 n d d l 4 n d F

E x e r c i s e 1