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Birla Institute Of Technology & Science, Pilani
Work-Integrated Learning Programmes Division
First Semester 2011-2012
Course Handout
Course No. : BITS ZG553
Course Title : Real Time Systems
Instructor : Ashish Mishra
Course Description
Introduction to real-time systems, Modeling of a Real-Time System, Task assignment and
scheduling, Resource management, Real-time operating systems, RTOS services, Programming
language with real-time support, System design techniques, Intertask communication, Fault tolerant
techniques, Reliability evaluation methods; Performance analysis, Case studies of real-time
systems.
Scope and Objectives
At the end of the course, the student should be able to understand Real-Time systems, modeling and
Design of Real-Time Systems, Task scheduling, resource management, real-time operating systems,
fault tolerant techniques
Prescribed Text Books
T1. Liu, Jane W.S., Real Time Systems, Pearson Education, 2000.
T2. Laplante, Phillip A., Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis, WSE, 3rd
Ed., 2004.
Reference Books
R1. Li Quing, Real-Time Concepts for Embedded Systems, CMP books, paperback 2003
(Available on Books 24x7)
R2. Burns Allen and Wellings Andy, Concurrent and Real-Time Programming in ADA,
Cambridge University Press, paperback 2007
(Available on Books 24x7)
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BITS ZG553 (Course Handout) First Semester 2011-2012 Page 2
Plan of Self Study
Week
No.
Learning Objectives Topics Chapter/Section of Text
book
1 Understand the Real-
Time Systems
Introduction to Real-Time Systems, Typical
Real-time Applications, Time related
activities, common misconceptions
T1- Ch.1
2 The importance of real-time constraints
Jobs and Processors, Timing constraints, Hard
Versus Soft Real-time Systems
T1- Ch.2
3 Be able to model real-
time system according to
reference model
A Reference Model of Real-time Systems :
Processors and resources, temporal, functional
and resource parameters
T1- Ch.3
4 Study various methods of
task scheduling
Approaches to Real-time Scheduling: Time
driven, priority driven, static, dynamic
approaches, Effective release time and
deadline
T1- Ch.4
5 Clock-driven scheduling
approach
Clock-Driven Scheduling : Cyclic scheduler,
cyclic executive, practical considerations
T1- Ch.5
6 Priority-driven
scheduling approach
Priority-Driven Scheduling of Periodic Tasks:
f ixed , dynamic priority, schedulability
analysis, practical factors
T1- Ch.6
7 How to schedule
aperiodic and sporadic
jobs
Scheduling Aperiodic and Sporadic Jobs in
Priority-Driven Systems : Approaches,
deferrable servers , simple sporadic servers
T1- Ch.7: 7.1-7.3, 7.7
8 Resource Management
and protocols
Resources, their usage, resource conflict,
contention,
T1-Ch.8 : 8.1-8.5
Syllabus for Mid-Semester Test (Closed Book): Topics in Week No. 1 to 8
9 Hardware issues in real-
time system Computer Hardware: CPU, Memory, I/O,
special devices
T2-Ch 2
10 Software issues in real-
time systems Programming Languages: assembly
language, procedural languages, object
oriented languages
T2-Ch 6
11 Programming approach The Software Life Cycle: properties of
software, phases in design
T2-Ch 5
12 How to define specific
requirements and design
techniques
Real-time Specification and Design
Techniques : formal methods in software
specifications
T2-Ch.4
13 Real-time operating
systems Real-Time Operating Systems , memory
management
T2-Ch.3: 3.1-3.2, 3.4
14 Achieving multitasking
and concurrency Intertask Communication and
Synchronization
T2-Ch.3: 3.3
15 Validation and
verification tecnhiques System Performance Analysis and
Optimization
T2-Ch 7: 7.1-7.5
16 Achieving redundancy
and reliability Reliability, Testing and Fault Tolerance T2-Ch.8:8.1-8.5
Syllabus for Comprehensive Exam (Open Book): All topics given in Plan of Self Study
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BITS ZG553 (Course Handout) First Semester 2011-2012 Page 3
Evaluation Scheme:
EC
No.
Evaluation Component &
Type of Examination
Duration Weightage Day, Date, Session,Time
EC-1 Assignment/Quiz TBA 10% TBA
EC-2 Mid-Semester Test
(Closed Book)* 2 Hours 30% Saturday, 03/09/2011 (FN)*
10 AM – 12 Noon
EC-3 Comprehensive Exam
(Open Book)*
3 Hours 60% Saturday, 29/10/2011 (FN)*
9 AM – 12 Noon * Legend:
AN: Afternoon Session; FN: Forenoon Session; TBA : To be announced Closed Book Test: No reference material of any kind will be permitted inside the exam hall.
Open Book Exam: Use of any printed / written reference material (books and notebooks) will be
permitted inside the exam hall. Loose sheets of paper will not be permitted. Computers of any kind
will not be allowed inside the exam hall. Use of calculators will be allowed in all exams. No
exchange of any material will be allowed.
Note:
It shall be the responsibility of the individual student to be regular in maintaining the self study
schedule as given in the course handout, attend the online/on demand lectures as per details that
would be put up in the BITS WILP website www.bits-pilani.ac.in/dlp-home and take all the
prescribed components of the evaluation such as Mid Semester Test and Comprehensive
Examination according to the Evaluation Scheme given in the respective Course Handout. If the
student is unable to appear for the Regular Test/Examination due to genuine exigencies, the student
must refer to the procedure for applying for Make-up Test/Examination, which will be available
through the Important Information link on the BITS WILP website on the date of the Regular
Test/Examination. The Make-up Tests/Exams will be conducted only at selected exam centres on
the dates to be announced later.
Instructor-in-Charge