Bird in or life

8/18/2019 Bird in or life

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Birds In Our Lives

andConservation

Nur’ain (3425080216)

Risa Fitriandini (342502326)

!iti "aesaro# (342502335)


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irds as Food

"an’s $rst interest in %irds in&re#istori' ties as *or *ood+

Bird %ones identi$ed at *our indian

site at t#e estern end o* La,e-rie in'.ude/

•15 %ones o* tru&eter sans

•8 ur,es

•85 u',s


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#e %irds &resua%. #avin %eense'ured it# tra&s snares %osand arro+

oda %irds and t#eir e are sti..used *or *ood+ In ost 'ivi.ied

'ountries %irds no .oner su&&ortsindis'riinate #untin+


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Plumages

In t#e &ast %ird #ave served an it#

variet o* e'onoi' &rodu'ts+• #e %ea,s o* Ivor%i..ed 7ood&e',ersused % eri'an indian *or de'orative

ear+•Bird %ones ere soeties used *ortoo.s+ -9+ Le %ones o* :iis used *or

&i&e ste aon Ne ;e.anders+


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ua.it o* don

'oes *ro eider du',s


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• In sout# eri'a t#e s,ins o*r#eas are sti.. used *or rua,in and t#eir *eat#ers *or

duster+

• rentine are #ouse used

s,in o* t#e %.a',ne',ed san*or &oder &u?+


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Other Economic Product

•

Birds soeties use *or oi.(Oi.%irdSteatornis caripensis)*or 'oo,in edi'ine %od.i#tenin and 'and.es+

• @uano *erti.ier (ri'# in


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Food Habits in Relation to Man

estru'tive inse't and ot#er &est+

• In Ata# 1848 $e.d o* 'ri',ets'.eared % Ca.i*ornia @u..s

• In Co.orado s&ru'e *orest

ood&e',ers 'o%atin andou%rea, o* %ar, %eet.es+

@ranivorous and *ruivorous %irdsere daain rain$e.d and

*ruit$e.d+:ee& don e9'essive veetative

rot# and *erti.ie ater *or&.an,ton &rodu'tion+


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Micellaneous Damage by irds

• Re.ations#i& %eteen avian %rood&arasites+

• Roosts * %ird es&e'ia.. o* star.in

%.a',%irds and &ieons o*ten %e'oe a&u%.i' nuisanse+

• 7ood&e',ers soeties do daee to

tree or %ui.din• In 160 ore t#an 60 air.ine &assaner

era ,i..ed % %irds stri,e+


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The Hand of Man

•


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Predator control

Nature sste o* &redator&rereu.ation is *undaenta.+

•Co&.e9 interre.ations#i& %eteen

&redator and &re+

•&&arent 'onse>uense o*inter*eren'e it# %asi' &redator&rere.ations#i&s

•"isanaeent o* &redator


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ounties

•


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Introduced Secies

Introdu'tion o* e9oti' into ane environent o*ten &ses

severe anaeent or 'ontro.&ro%.es usua.. %e'ause anintrodu'ed s&e'ies is re.ived o*

'onta't it#its natura. eneiesand 'o&etitor+


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Disease

Birds as 'arrier o* desease o*an or ot#er ania.+

-9a&.e/•-nsea.itis

•=isto&.asosis

•!a.one..a


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!onser"ation status

Conservation status is indi'ator&ossi%i.it *or s&e'ies #o sti..a.ive and .e*t unti. no or

*uture+


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!onser"ation category of I#!$

• Conservation category IUCN is &rodu'ed IACN

*or #e.& do '.assi$'ation to an s&e'ies #o

t#reateaned e9tin'+

• Conservation 'ateor IACN #ave done an

revisi /

1+ ersi 1+0/ Mace and Lande (11)+ First

do'uent #o dis'uss ne ru.e *or '.assi$'ation

2+ ersi 2+0/ Mace et al. (12)+ Bi revision o*versi 1+0+

3+ ersi 2+1/ IACN (13)+


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4+ ersi 2+2/ Mace and Stuart

(14)

5+ ersi 2+3/ IACN (14)+

6+ ersi 3+0/ IACN!!C CriteriaReview Working Group (1)

D+ ersi 3+1/ IACN (2001)+


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!onser"ation !ategory %&' (ersion

1+ (xtinct E -) 6+ (!ear"hreatenedE N)

2+ (xtinct in the wildE -7) D+(Least ConcernE LC)

3+ (Criticall# endangeredE CR) 8+($ata $e%cient E )

4+ (ndangeredE -N) + (!otvaluatedE N-)

5+ (&ulnerableE A)


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Status of some endangered secies

Extinct Birds• "ore %irds #ave %een .ost in t#e &ast 200

ears t#an in a.. o* t#e &re'edin 1800ear+

• Rodri>ue #as .ost 10 o* its 12 endei'.and %irds on. one o* t#e oriina. 12survives in ood+

• =aaii #as .ost 23 o* its oriina. 68endei' s&e'ies and 2 endanereds&e'ies .ist+


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)reat au*

+P ngu n s m enn s ,


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-abrador duc*

+!am torhynchus labrador um ,


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Heath hen

+Tym anuchus cu do cu do ,


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-ndanered s&e'ies• it is t#ere*ore 'onsidered to %e *a'in a ver #i#

ris, o* e9tin'tion in t#e i.d / Redu'tion in &o&u.ation sie

@eorai' rane in t#e *or o* eit#er B1(e9tent o* o''urren'e) OR B2 (area o* o''u&an')


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I"ory. illed /oodec*er

+!am eh lus r nc a l s ,


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/hooing !rane

+) rus am er cana ,


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E"erglade *ite

+ Rosh tramu s soc ab l s lumbe us ,


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Sanctuaries

• re dedi'ated to t#e &reservationo* %irds and or ot#er i.d.i*e+

• !tate &ar,s soeties serve as

san'tuaries #ere essentia.#a%itats are &reserved *ors&e'ies t#at i#t ot#erise %e

e.iinated % 'oer'ia.deve.o&ents+


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Botulism

or estern du', si',ness is a %a'teria.disease 'aused % Clostridiu' botuliu'#i'# t#rives on de'ain orani' atter at

tie o* .o ater+

#o to &revent /

'ontro. o* u'tuatin ater .eve. in'.udin&eriodi' oodin to e.iinate t#e s#a..oater one t#e *avors Clostridiu'deve.o&ent+

Diseases and Parasites


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Lead poisoningIs a resu.t o* t#e inestion o*

%u..ets #i'# du',a''identa.. &i', u& #i.e*eedin in areas #eavi. s#ot

over durin t#e #untinseason+



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Trichomoniasis

&rotooan diseases 'aused %t#e ae..ate is"richo'onas

gallinae, #as %een ,non in dove&ieon tur,es and ot#er %irds*or soe ties+

sii.ar in*e'tion 'a..ed J*roun'eK'aused % t#e ae..ate Capillaria



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Ulcerative enteritis

(quail disease)a diseases o* un'ertain oriin 'ausin.esions in t#e .oer diestive tra't is a'oon o''urren'e in a..ina'e'ous%irds in 'a&tivit %ut a.so o''urs ini.d rouse easant and >uai.+

=o to &revent/

!anitation o* %irds and te 'a&tives+



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-'to&arasite in %irds divide to 6 t&e /

1.aliop!aga ("ird lice)

o%.iator &arasites '#ein *eat#ereatin

t&es s&end 'o&.ete .i*e ''.e in #ost#.$leas

adu.ts on %irds .arvae non&arasiti'

%.&ippo"oscids 'ieso%.itor &arasite 'oon on an s&e'ieso* %irds es&e'ia.. nest.in



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.rotocallip!orid 'ies

.arvae #at'#ed *ro es .aid in nest atta',

nest.in at ni#t soeties 'ausin deat#+*.+ic,s

%.ood su',in t&es o*ten a%out t#e #ead'ause aneiaand ea,end 'ondition o*tenve'tor diseases

-.ites (acarina)

%.ood su',in and deratoaous (s,in and

it'# ites) in'.udin '#iers 'ause s'a...e in i'terids


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Man.made Mortality 0 Modern Dilemma

1+Asin .and 5+


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#an, Mou

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